Al'adu Properties kwayoyin: ganewa, description, halaye da kuma aiki

Ilimin - m kimiyyar zamani da karatu da biochemical da jiki Properties, ilimin halittar jiki da kuma systematics na kwayoyin. Duniya shi ne mai arziki a cikin prokaryotes babbar dama jinsuna daban. Don bincika duk sigogi na wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta suna aiki tare da su al'adu a musamman na gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai a karkashin bakararre yanayi. Al'adu Properties na kwayoyin - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci hanyoyin da za a gane da kuma nazarin prokaryotes.

Mene ne wani mallaka na kwayoyin cuta?

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa prokaryotes - guda-celled kwayoyin. Su ne sauƙi, kuma da sauri ninka, anya su bisa ga yawan adadin wasu kimomi, kowane 20-30 minti. Ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa, wannan ne wani lissafi da ci gaban na ci gaba da al'adu.

Colony - zuriya na sel guda, a bayyane jari na babbar yawa kwayoyin a cikin wani gina jiki matsakaici. A cikin size na mallaka, da launi da kuma sauran morphological halaye a dakin gwaje-gwaje da al'adun ayyana da kaddarorin kwayoyin.

Don karatu da sigogi na mutum gungu na prokaryotic Kwayoyin, musamman gina jiki matsakaici. Ta kwayoyin iya ninka hanzari, t. Don. Yana da aka hada da abubuwa da muhimmanci ga metabolism na kwayoyin. A sakamakon haka, bayan 4-5 days (tsawon lokaci na iya bambanta) a cikin Petri tasa bayyana a bayyane m batu, da kuma wanda aka aiki.

A samfurin ne kwayoyin samu daga wani yanayi, pre-diluted domin rage yawan kwayoyin cuta da naúrar girma. Wannan hanya da aka gudanar domin dadi aiki a nan gaba, watau. K. The wuce kima shuka kananan kwayoyin girma matsakaici iya rufe da wani m Layer daga mazauna (abin da ake kira "farar"). Sai mutum da maki ne da dabara, da kuma da yawa hanyoyin ne ba zai yiwu ba a yi.

A ra'ayi na kwayoyin al'ada Properties

Ta yaya bincike na da mazauna na kwayoyin? Abin da sigogi kamata a yi la'akari a cikin nazarin?

Halaye na kwayan mazauna a kan ci gaban matsakaici aka sanya bisa ga dama sharudda. Wadannan sun hada da morphological, biochemical kuma physiological Properties na kwayoyin, kuma duk wadannan sigogi aka ƙaddara a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, saukarwa. Alal misali, na gani distinctions mazauna na bacteria za a iya rijista nan da nan bayan da namo. Sauran siffofin an yi karatu tare da musamman kayan aiki (microscope) ko wasu hanyoyin da aiki tare da metabolites analyzers abubuwa, pigments, enzymes da kuma sauran prokaryotic rayuwa kayayyakin.

Wasu kwayoyin al'ada Properties aka nuna a kasa.

1. A size na mallaka. Yana iya zama kadan, kananan, matsakaici da kuma manyan. A diamita auna a millimeters kuma iya Range daga 0.1 zuwa 5 da kuma more. Mazauna ba wucewa 1 mm a diamita, an kira batu.

2. A launi da kuma ikon saki da canza launi pigment a cikin yanayi.

3.Poverhnost. A nan, shi ne m ko yana da santsi, m, m, ko folded a duk.

4. Profile na mallaka: bakin dutse, convex, Tapered ko kawai lebur.

5. A tsarin da mallaka. Yana iya zama da santsi, struychatoy, m, ko lafiya.

6. Tantancewar Properties: m, translucent, opaque, mai kyalli, matt ko m.

7. Daidaito. The mallaka na iya zama ruwa ko danko sosai, doughy ko filmy, m, ko gaggautsa.

8.Kray mallaka: santsi, lobed, rizoidny, wavy, scalloped, da dai sauransu ...

Idan kana aiki tare da kananan kungiyoyin na sel amfani da wani hange. Tare da kadan karuwa za a iya gani da kuma gefen mallaka, kuma ta profile da surface. Wasu ãyõyi ake bincika tare da taimakon sunadarai. Daidaito da za a iya samu ta hanyar da taba da haifuwa madauki ko pipette ga mallaka. Kamar wancan ne m al'adu da kuma biochemical Properties na kwayoyin.

kiwo ƙasa

Amfani da su kwayoyin rayayye ninka a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje al'ada kafofin watsa labarai. Suna iya zama da kayan lambu ko dabba asali, da kuma daidaito - m ko ruwa. A muhimmanci sigogi a yi irin wannan cakuda da shi ne da acidity m osmotic matsa lamba kuma, ba shakka, gaban enzymes, bitamin, micro- da macrocells. Kada ka manta game da kafofin na carbon, nitrogen da hydrogen.

A na gina jiki matsakaici ake bukata ya zama m ko translucent, don su iya daidai gano kwayoyin al'ada Properties. Agar aka fi amfani da matsayin fara abu domin samar da irin wannan kafofin watsa labarai. Yana iya zama a cikin ruwa (zubi) jiha, amma mafi yawa riga nan da nan zuba a cikin wani Petri tasa kuma ta taurare.

Liquid gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai ma amfani a awon yanayi, amma saboda da jihar tari na Physiology na kwayoyin, al'adu kaddarorin da kwayoyin karatu kadan daban-daban. Akwai muhimmanci sigogi kamar mataki na turbidity, surface, ko kusa da kasa bango surface girma. A granular precipitate, kama ko a cikin nau'i na flakes, da sauran siffofin da za a iya lura kawai a cikin ruwa matsakaici.

Kallo don aiki

Tare da magudi da kwayan Kwayoyin bukatar yin amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje kida haifuwa. Shuka da kuma al'adu nazari Properties na kwayoyin na bukatar kwayan madauki ko wani Pasteur pipette. Dukansu kayan aikin da za a haifuwa a cikin harshen da barasa fitila, mai pipette tip baya cleaved.

Wadannan sauki na'urorin taimaka a lõkacin da aiki tare da amfanin gona, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a matsayin m matsakaici da kuma a cikin ruwa.

3 lokaci rabuwa ware mazauna

A fara abu yawanci ƙunshi cakuda daban-daban kwayoyin. Haskaka da ake so rukuni na zama ruwan dare mazauna na sel - a tsaurara da wuya aiwatar da hankali. Ya ne zuwa kashi uku, saukarwa:

1. kadaici tsari al'adun kwayoyin cuta, daga cikinsu akwai bukata domin mu yi karatu.

2. kasafi na net zama ruwan dare mazauna da taimakon musamman zabe hanyoyin.

3. Ci Gaban kuma haifuwa na kwayoyin cuta Kwayoyin, dauke da su.

Hakika, domin "samarwa" na kwayoyin cuta da ake bukata da za a nemi su yi cincirindo a cikin yanayi, kuma a cikin akwati na pathogenic ko opportunistic prokaryotes iya duka amfani da nazarin halittu Hanyar bincike. Jigon wannan shi ne cewa jiki da aka zaba, wanda shi ne kula da kwayoyin. Wannan breeds a gwaji da dabbobi, da kuma a sakamakon a wani jini samfurin, za ka iya samun mai yawa na aikin da ake bukata domin prokaryotic Kwayoyin.

Kadaici ware mazauna

Al'adu Properties na kwayoyin cuta za a iya yayi nazari ne kawai a ware shi kuma tsarki mazauna. Don samun wani daga cikin mutane da dama na kasashen waje jinsunan kwayoyin a kan wani Petri tasa, ta amfani da Koch Hanyar. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa uku daban-daban kuma free na kofin da sinadarin gina jiki matsakaici sanya dacewa kwayoyin. Kuma shi ya sa wannan madauki ko pipette saura, r. E. Babu kara kankare kwayan Kwayoyin bayan da al'adun matsakaici da farko da na biyu kofuna. Saboda haka, a kan uku da yawan kwayoyin cuta za ta rage da zai zama da sauki a samu mallaka ga binciken.

Al'adu Properties - kayan yau da kullum na ilimin

Nazarin kwayan Kwayoyin ko da yaushe ta fara da wani bincike na su mallaka. A cewar wani takamaiman jerin sigogi bayyana rukuni na kwayoyin a kan wani Petri tasa, sa'an nan da shafa ake gyarawa da kuma ta haka shirya miyagun ƙwayoyi. An bi da tare da wani madubin da kuma riga bayyana mutum Kwayoyin na mallaka. Dukansu ayyuka ne na wajibi ga ganewa na kwayoyin: pathogenic ko ba, to a taxonomic kungiyar ne, kuma haka a kan ..

Inda za ka iya samun kwayoyin cuta?

Kusan a ko'ina. Suna zaune a cikin iska, kuma ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi, da kuma a cikin ruwa, da kuma a irin wannan matsananci yanayi, kamar geysers, volcanoes, ko, conversely, da Arctic glaciers. Biliyoyin kwayoyin samu a cikin jikin mutum, kuma daga cikinsu akwai biyu da amfani da pathogenic jinsunan.

Shafa tare da wani surface, idan shi ba a baya haifuwa, zuwa Petri tasa za ta ba da dama daban-daban na mazauna. Kwayoyin cutar germinate cell ko ba, shi ya dogara da abun da ke ciki na gina jiki substrate, wanda aka sau da yawa amfani girma kwayoyin zama dole. Saboda haka, shirya gaba domin zaben yanayi a cikin abin da kawai wasu iri kwayoyin iya rayuwa.

Don systematize rayayye yi amfani da ko da katin shaida na kwayoyin al'ada Properties. Ilimin da na kowa matsaloli kamar seeding da kuma ci gaban da mazauna, da daukan samfur, sterilization kayan aiki da kuma meticulous aiki a kan harshen da wani ruhu fitila.

ƙarshe

A da yawa nazarin halittu dakunan gwaje-gwaje gudanar da wani binciken na kwayan Kwayoyin na daban-daban asalin. Wannan bincike cibiyoyin da kuma kimiyya da ƙungiyoyi. Al'adu Properties na kwayoyin - shi ne hanya daya domin sanin kwayoyin da cewa taimaka lõkacin da aiki tare "cocktails" na iri daban-daban prokaryotes. Har ila yau, sanin yadda za a tsare kungiyar hada da daya ko wani cell, kyale sake inganta cikin shakka daga cikin nazari da kayan amfani.