Alexander Dovzhenko - Ukrainian screenwriter, darektan: biography, kerawa

Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich da wani banbanci a kan Soviet cinema. Its mai suna bayan wani fim samar studio. Amma ba kawai darektan kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. A mahaifarsa, a Ukraine, ya aka sanshi a matsayin wani marubuci, mawãƙi da essayist. Dovzhenko kokarin hannunsa a art. Amma rabo mai girma cimma a fagen screenwriting. Ya rubuta kwaikwaiyo, short labaru da kuma litattafan a cikin style of gurguzu da labarun almara.

A Alexander Dovzhenko ya yi wuya rabo, wanda za mu rufe a wannan labarin. Yana shafa ta Soviet gwamnati, da lashe biyu Stalin Kyautukan da kuma jama'ar kasar Artist na RSFSR, ya yi a baya da kwarewa na fada a daya gefen tare da Red. Wannan al'amari da aka sani da 'yan. Amma mafi ilimi mutane a cikin Tarayyar Soviet karanta "magnum opus" - "sihirce Desna". Kuma mafi epoch-yin aiki na filin na cinema ne film "Earth".

yara

Bisa ga shigarwa a cikin Littãfin zumunci na Triniti Church Sosnitsa gari (yanzu a gundumar cibiyar na Chernigov yankin, Ukraine), Alexander Dovzhenko aka haife a wata gona Vyunische Agusta 29, 1894. New style, wannan yayi dace da 10 ga watan Satumba.

The mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa sun jahilci manoma. Uba na gaba darektan, Petr Semenovich, na zuriyar Poltava Chumakov, wanda zauna a Sosnitsa kamar a tsakiyar karni na sha takwas. Asali da tushen irin Dovzhenko za a iya gano wa 1760s. An sani cewa kakan kaka na marubuci, Taras, shi babba ne bayar da labarun baka. Wannan kyauta da aka gaji da kananan Sashko.

The iyali mallakar wani babban mãkirci na ƙasar, amma ya rayu a talauci, domin gona ya infertile. Na goma sha huɗu ya'yan da aka haifa aiki-shekaru tsira kawai uku: Bellamy da kansa, da ɗan'uwansa, 'yar'uwar Pauline Trifon. M mutuwa etched a ƙwaƙwalwar ga darektan. "A da mu gidan ko da yaushe mulki funerals da makoki," - ya rubuta daga baya. Kuma game da poetic rai na tsohuwarsa, ya ce: "Ta aka haife ga songs, amma dukan rai kuka, ganin yara har abada."

horo

A 'yan makaranta a Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako da kuma sha'awar ilimi. Saboda babana ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da horar da dansa. Ya sayar da bakwai na ƙasarsu zuwa Bellamy ya iya samun wani ilimi a makarantar firamare, sa'an nan a cikin 1911 ya shiga Pedagogical Institute a Glukhov. Wannan matasa jami'a Dovzhenko zaba ba saboda yana so ya zama wani malamin, amma saboda shi aka bai ilimi a ɗari da ashirin rubles a shekara. A institute, nan gaba marubuci ya gana da Ukrainian adabi, wanda a cikin wannan Russified ɓangare na daular yana ƙarƙashin ban. Bayan samun digiri Dovzhenko aka aiko domin ya koyar a Zhytomyr.

A marubuci kuma ba da lokaci mai

A farkon yakin duniya na farko, Alexander Dovzhenko, a takaice biography da aka bayyana, a wannan labarin, ana riskarsa kamar wani jingo. Ya farincikin jefa jerin gwanon zuwa yaki da sojoji tare da furanni da kuma 'yan shekaru fara duba a baya daga gaban "tare da kunya da kuma baƙin ciki." A daidai wannan lokacin Dovzhenko halarci Ukrainian National Liberation Movement.

Fabrairu juyin juya halin na 1917, ya kuma san sosai m. Daga baya cizon yatsa a cikinsa ya bayyana abubuwan da: "A cikin wani juyin mulki, na ba kunshe a cikin wadanda kofofin." Lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke, Dovzhenko tafi aikin sa kai a cikin rundunar UNR, kuma tare da Uku Serdutskaya rajimanti kutsa cikin Kiev "Arsenal". Shekara goma sha ɗaya daga baya, da darektan nuna abubuwan da suka faru a cikin fim, omitting cewa ya dauki bangare a su a kan wani ɓangare na Black Gaidamakov. Tun zuwa iko Skoropadsky Dovzhenko retreats zuwa Zhitomir. Komowa zuwa Kiev, ya zama dalibi na Ukrainian Academy of Arts.

"Red" lokaci biography

Tuni a cikin twenties, Alexander Dovzhenko ya tãɓe a cikin kasa-bourgeois ideas. Sani da marubuci Vasily Blakytnym kai shi ga Markisanci duniya. Akalla wancan ne abin da darektan da kansa ya rubuta a cikin tarihin kansa na 1939. Ya koma Borotbists. A membobin wannan jam'iyyar sa'an nan shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis (Bolsheviks) na Ukraine. Wannan akidar siyasa Dovzhenko yarda ka zauna shahararren matsayi: sakataren Kiev Department of Education, Head of Art da Department. Ya yi aiki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet plenipotentiary misali a Poland (1921) da kuma cinikayya wakilci na Ukrainian Jamhuriyar a Jamus. Ya tsaya a Berlin, da artist Dovzhenko amfani da su dauki darasi daga expressionist Villi Gekkelya. A Jamus, da artist-jami'in diflomasiyyar aure Barbara Krylova. Amma, kamar yadda ya juya waje, da zaman aka Borotbists baki hatimi ga sabuwar gwamnatin. Dovzhenko tuno da Ukraine, da kuma tauye wata ƙungiya katin.

duniya cinema

Tun shekarar 1923, Dovzhenko zauna a Kharkov - na farko babban birnin kasar na Soviet Ukraine. B. Amfani Blakytnogo ya samun cartoonist jaridar "News VUTSVK", da kuma misalta da littafin (musamman, "blue jiragen kasa" Petra Pancha). A wannan lokacin ya hankali converges tare da wallafe-wallafen da'irar "Hart", wanda aka yi niyya ga cinema.

Alexander Dovzhenko, wanda fina-finan za su sami Raya Makon yawa daga baya, da ba da ilmi, ba shi da kwarewa a shiryarwa ba. Duk da haka, ya fara aiki a kan fim studio a Odessa. Daya daga cikin na farko ayyukansu outright agitation "Red Army" da kuma zanen "A cikin gandun daji."

Dovzhenko kuma yayi da kansa a cikin rawar da wani marubuci. A wannan filin ya Halicci play yara da ake kira "Vasya mai kyautatãwa."

A kan sa na "Love ta Berries" Dovzhenko gana da Danilo Demutsky, kuma wannan jummai directed da sadarwarka da aka kafa domin shekaru masu zuwa. Tare da suke haifar da yawa ban sha'awa makada.

Dovzhenko: Filmography

Na farko da aikin, wanda ya karbi fitarwa shi ne "Zvenigora". A wannan shekara 1928 zanen master sõyayya lyrics kuma satire na neman sauyi almara. A fim "Earth" (1930), kusan nan da nan bayan da saki da aka cire daga haya.

Amma hoton "Ivan" (1932) ya kawo shi kusa da Stalin. Su dace, daga baya da darektan na'am da wani taron tare da fir'auna. A 1939, Dovzhenko domin kai tsaye umarni daga Stalin daukan "al'ada" film "Shchors". Domin wannan tef directed nan da nan karbi mafi kyautar.

Tun da 1934, Dovzhenko zauna a Moscow da kuma biya yawa da hankali ga wallafe-wallafen aiki. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya umurci dama Documentaries, rubuta makala da articles.

wulãkanci

Kusanci zuwa ikon (musamman ga Stalin) yana da wani downside. A 1943, Dovzhenko rubuta da screenplay ga film "Ukraine a cikin wuta." Duk da haka, quite kwatsam, a wani taro na Politburo na CPSU (b), da wannan aiki an hõre defamation. A rubutun kuwa mai korau review da Stalin.

A shekarar 1944, darektan Alexander Dovzhenko yi cikinsa lyrical film "Rayuwa ne a Bloom." Kamar vnasmeshku, hukumomi bukaci ya maida hoto saboda akida da bukatun. Dovzhenko kokarin kamar yadda mafi kyau ya iya. A sakamakon haka, da fuska daga bayyane rauni movie kira "Michurin" cike da promotional shaci.

Ko da karin bakin ciki ãƙibar karshe aiki na darektan. Jihar domin "Goodbye, America!" Da aka ɗauki cikinsa dangane da ayyukan perebezhchitsy Amurka a Tarayyar Soviet Annabella Byukar. Lokacin da harbi zo ga karshe mataki, Kremlin zo da domin ya daina aiki a kan zanen.

Mutuwa a} asar waje

Alexander Dovzhenko farko zuciya harin da aka har yanzu a cikin halittar "Michurin". A karshen rayuwarsa ya sanar a VGIK. Ya so ya koma zuwa Ukraine, amma, hukuma ba ta ba shi izinin yin haka.

Dovzhenko shirya almara aiki - rubuta wani labari "Golden Gate". Har ila yau, a nan gaba da tsare-tsaren da aka rubuta a rubutun hoto "waka na Sea". A rana ta farko na harbi da fim, ya mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya. Aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow.