Abin da gudanar Stalin Prize? Stalin Prize lashe

Soviet 'yan kasa, wanda ya samu fice nasara a wani filin na aiki, karfafa ta kasar babban kyauta. Stalin Prize dogara da waɗanda suka halin inganta samar da hanyoyin, kazalika da halitta na kimiyya theories, fasahar, fice misalai na art (adabi, wasan kwaikwayo, cinema, da zanen, sassaka, gine).

Iosif Stalin

Akwai wani kyauta mai suna bayan da shugaban for goma sha uku shekaru - daga 1940 har 1953, kuma an kafa wani kadan a baya - a watan Disamba 1939. Stalin Prize ba su da wata jiha asusu, yabon tallafi I. V. Stalina daga na sirri albashi, wanda aka bisa ga halin babbar - ta biyu matsayi biya dubu goma rubles da watan.

Foundation Prize, kuma sun kasance kudade domin buga littattafai na jagora a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kasashen waje, wanda shi ma yana da yawa da kuma biyan bashin a wancan lokacin sun wajen babban (Alexey Tolstoy ma ya zama na farko Soviet miliyoniya). Stalin Prize kwashe kudi mai yawa, kusan duk. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa bayan mutuwar shugaban na ta tanadi littafin zauna sayi 'yan kuɗi Naira Miliyan Xari - ɗari tara rubles, yayin da talakawan albashi na ma'aikatan sau da yawa wuce ɗari bakwai.

labarin

A 1939, a watan Disamba, an hukumance bikin sixtieth tunawa da shugaban, da kuma girmama wannan taron akwai wani kyauta a cikin sunansa. A watan Fabrairu 1940, riga CPC yanke shawarar kafa wani ɗari da dubu rubles Prize (1st digiri), dubu hamsin (2nd digiri), da kuma ashirin da dubu biyar rubles (Grade 3) ga mafi wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu (litattafan, shayari, wasan kwaikwayo, da wallafe-wallafen zargi) kazalika da ci gaba a wasu yankunan na art. Bugu da kari, an shekara-shekara kyauta alamomi Figures da suka sanya na musamman taimako ga kimiyya, al'adu, fasaha da kuma kungiyar na samar.

A 1941 Stalin Prize da aka bai wa nasara da sosai farko. Record ga yawan bayar da Stalin Prize zama SV Ilyushin, sanannen jirgin sama, har sau bakwai alama ta musamman da hankali na shugaban. Sau shida samu kyautar yan fim Yu. A. Rayzman da I. A. Pyrev marubuci K. Simonov, jirgin sama zanen A. S. Yakovlev, da mawaki S. S. Prokofev da sauransu. Actress Marina Ladynina da Alla Tarasova zama biyar-lokaci lashe Stalin Prize.

ma'aikata

Stalin Prize da Tarayyar Soviet (asali kira da Stalin Prize) da aka kafa da biyu da dokokinta. Ashirin Disamba 1939 Mutane ta Commissars wajabta: goma sha shida shekara-shekara awards na Stalin (100 dubu) kyautar Kimiyya da Art for fice aiki a cikin yankunan: fasaha, ta jiki da kuma ilmin lissafi, nazarin halittu, da sinadaran, likitanci, noma, tattalin arziki, falsafa, shari'a da kuma tarihi da kuma philological Sciences, zanen, music, sassaka, wasan kwaikwayo, art, gine-gine, cinema.

Aka kafa a matsayin goma kyaututtuka na farko digiri, ashirin - na biyu da talatin - uku mataki domin mafi kyau da sabuwar dabara, da uku na farko digiri kyautar, biyar - da kuma goma na biyu - na uku mataki for fice nasarori a fagen soja ilmi. A raba hukuncin a kan marubuta, wanda aka bayar a shekara ta Stalin Prize, aka yi a watan Fabrairu 1940, kuma an nuna cewa, cikin hudu na farko kyautar zakaran aminci a kowane nau'i na adabi aiki: litattafan, shayari, da wallafe-wallafen zargi, wasan kwaikwayo.

canje-canje

The girman da Stalin Prize a rubles da yawan yabon sun canja, sau da yawa, kuma ba su rage, a daya bangaren - maimakon daya lashe na farko digiri, misali, a 1940 da ta zama uku a kowane category. A shekarar 1942 Prize (na farko digiri) ya karu zuwa dubu ɗari biyu rubles. Bugu da kari, wani sabon a shekarar 1949 - International "Domin karfafa zaman lafiya tsakanin al'umma". Gudamawar premium kai tsaye CPC, a cikin abin da biyu na wucin gadi kwamitocin da aka halicce: daya yi aiki domin awarding kyaututtuka a kimiyya, soja ilmi da qirqire-qirqire, da kuma na biyu tsunduma a adabi da wasannin fasaha.

Da farko ya lura kawai sabon ayyukan da aka kammala a ba shekara. Visa, za su kammala aikinsu a cikin lokaci bayan tsakiyar watan Oktoba, fadi a cikin jerin wadannan shekara. Sai sharuddan da aka bita, da kuma masu cin nasara zai iya zama da mutane suka yi tsirfar da lambar yabo ga aikin a karshe shida ko bakwai. Saboda haka, kyauta bayar da Stalin kansu a sharadi gwargwado. Mutane da yawa bayyanannu nuna cewa Stalin taka kai tsaye rawa a rarraba kyaututtuka da sunan kansa (da nasu kudi), wani lokacin da shawarar da aka sanya kusan guda-handedly.

kawar

Bayan Stalin ta mutuwa, da nufin ba a samu, don haka da littafin kudade ba za a iya amfani da su inganta samun babban rabo. Bayan shekarar 1954 Stalin Prize daina wanzuwa. Sa'an nan ya zo da m yaƙi domin kauda daba na shugaban.

A shekarar 1956, da Lenin Prize da aka kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin kan Stalin. Stalin Prize lashe bayan 1966 canza da diplomas da kuma girmamawa badges. Ko da sunan ya canza cikin methodically, kundayen da reference books Stalin zama da aka sani da Tarayyar Soviet Jihar Prize. Bayani game da nasara da aka mystified da dosed.

rabuwa da Iko

Akwai wani musamman ƙuduri na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Sin a kan adalci rarraba kyauta tsakanin da dama mahalarta a cikin aikin wanda shi aka bayar. Idan bayar da wata kyauta mutane biyu (co-mawallafa), da Miliyan Xari da aka raba daidai. A uku rarraba ya daban-daban: da shugaban da aka samun rabin da kuma biyu masu aikatawa - a kan kwata na total. Idan mutane suka yi yawa, manajan sami wani uku, da kuma sauran daidai raba a cikin tawagar.

A farko lashe Stalin Prize a Physics - P. L. Kapitsa, ilimin lissafi - A. N. Kolmogorov, ilmin halitta - T. D. Lysenko, a magani - A. A. Bogomolets, VP Filatov, NN Burdenko domin binciken kasa - V. A. Obruchev, ya lura ga da sabuwar dabara, da aka sani gunsmith V. A. Degtyarov, a kan aviakonstruirovaniyu - SA Lavochkin, ga zanen - AM Gerasimov, sassaka - V. I. Muhina.

A zanen na Metro tashar "Kiev" da "Komsomolskaya" m D. Chechulin aka kuma bayar da Stalin Prize. AN Tolstoy samu shi ga littafin "Peter Babba", M. A. Sholohov - for labari "Kuma shuru gudana cikin Don", a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo NF Pogodin aka lura bayan samarwa daga cikin play "Mutumin da bindiga."

Kamar yadda aka tattauna ayyukan

Kimiyya aikin sito tattauna a baya tare da hannu na dacewa sana'a masana kimiyya, gwani kwamitocin practitioners kuma ko da duka kimiyya-cibiyoyin bincike. Sa'an nan da kimanta, a mafi cikakken kuma m zuwa Kaddamar da musamman jumla ga jama'ar kasar Commissars da Tarayyar Soviet.

Idan dole, wakilan cibiyoyin bincike da masana kimiyya da kungiyoyin halarci tarurruka na kwamitin. Shawarwarin da aka yi da 'yancin kada kuri'a m jamiyyar.

lamba na karimci,

Kowane yabon bayan samun lambar yabo da ya dace daraja da kuma girmamawa alamar Stalin Prize, wanda da za a sawa a gefen dama na gaba da Order. Yana da aka yi na azurfa a cikin wani nau'i na convex m da fari enamel da kuma kẽwayesu kasa Laurel na zinariya. Enamel wanda aka nuna fitowar rana - zinariya haskoki, da wanda saman tauraro mai hasken ja enamel da zinariya baki. The rubutu a cikin zinariya haruffa karanta: "Stalin Prize lashe".

A saman m firam corrugated kintinkiri na blue enamel da gilt gefuna, a kan abin da aka rubuta "Tarayyar Soviet". Azurfa, da zinariya-plated farantin, to wanda ta hanyar da ido da zobe da kuma shiga cikin girmamawa ãyã, aka kuma rubũtacce a kan shi ya sanya ta Larabci numerals Year Award. Bazawa a cikin latsa game da lashe gasar na wannan shekara, ko da yaushe ya bayyana a ranar 21 ga Disamba - haihuwar I. V. Stalina.

yaki

A cikin m shekaru na yaki, wannan babban lambar yabo ne ma a bambanta kansu a matsayin masana aiki yadda ba a taba - a mai iko fashe da m kuma ya jimre himma. Soviet masana kimiyya, firtsi,? Ir su na sane da cewa shi ne a yanzu su aiki da kasar ta na bukatar fiye da a lokacin zaman lafiya. Ko da a cikin 1941 da ta kawo babbar nasarorin da kawo dukkan a kusan dukkanin yankunan da rai.

Industry aka kerata kan wani yaki gabãtarwar, don fadada albarkatun kasa da albarkatun, samar iya aiki ya karu. Stalin Prize na farko mataki da aka bayar da su cikin rukuni na malamai jagorancin shugaban kasar da Tarayyar Soviet V. L. Komarova, wanda gudanar da bincike da kuma ci gaba da hanyar bunkasa masana'antu na Urals - da baki metallurgy, makamashi, aikin gina kayan da komai. A sakamakon ya kasance wata babbar fadada samar da iri daban-daban na masana'antu.

Mutane da yawa sanya ND Zelinsky ga tsaron gida sunadarai. Ya aka kuma girmama tare da wannan lambar yabo. Farfesa MV Keldysh da kuma dan takarar of Technical Sciences E. Grossman yi aiki domin Soviet jirgin sama zane: ɓullo da ka'idar na roba vibrations da kuma fito da wani Hanyar lissafin jirgin sama flutter, ga abin da suka kasance sãka musu da Stalin Prize na 2nd digiri.

Dmitri Shostakovich

Fice a kan m ikon da mawaki kafin fitarwa ya rubuta sanannun "Bakwai Symphony" a cikin kewaye Leningrad. Wannan aiki nan da nan ya zama wata taskar duniya music. Mamaya humanism, shirye don yin yaki da mutuwa tare da baki sojojin, unshakable gaskiya, kara a kowane rubutu, tsiwirwirinsu karbuwa a kasashen duniya da zarar kuma domin dukan. A shekarar 1942, wannan aikin da aka alama da Stalin Prize na farko mataki.

Dmitri Shostakovich - ko da sau uku lashe Stalin Prize a Bugu da kari ga na farko: ga babban Trio 1946 - Prize na farko mataki, sa'an nan - da lakabi na jama'ar kasar Artist na RSFSR, a 1950, an bayar da Stalin Prize na biyu digiri na oratorio "Song na dazuka" a kan ayoyin da Dolmatovski da kuma music ga film "The Fall na Berlin". A shekara ta 1952, ya samu wani Stalin Prize na biyu digiri na suite ga mawaka.

Faina Ranevskaya

Domin shekaru masu yawa ya yi aiki da aka fi so daga cikin jama'a, bai buga a wani movie, ko wani starring rawa. Wannan sigar musamman talented actress. Stalin Prize ta samun wani sau uku: sau biyu na biyu digiri da kuma lokaci daya - da na uku.

A shekara ta 1949 - domin rawar da matarsa Losev a "dokar da Karimci, ya tsarkaka" Stein (Moscow Drama wasan kwaikwayo), a shekarar 1951 - da mukamin na Agrippina a 'Breaking Dawn kan Moscow "Suvorov (da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na wannan), a cikin wannan shekara - domin rawar da Frau Wurst "suna da wani mahaifarsa" a cikin film. A ka'ida, kowace rawar yi da Faina, za a iya bayar da wannan daraja tun da litattafansu na Soviet cinema ga mafi part halitta kuma wannan actress, na lashe Stalin Prize. A ta lokaci shi ya kasance mai girma, da kuma yanzu yiwuwa ba wanda bai sani ba ta sunan.