Monumental sassaka: definition. Mafi shahara Monuments na gargajiya da kuma na zamani monumental sassaka

Monumental sassaka quite daban-daban daga wasu irin iri art. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa shi embodies ba kawai marubucin bane, amma mai girma lokacin a tarihi, ko da cikakken lokaci. Yawanci, wadannan shafukan suna shigar kai tsaye inda ayyuka daban-daban da ya faru, wanda, a gaskiya, suna duqufar zuwa.

Duk da yake na duba monumental sculptures Vidiyo yi akai-akai. Gaskiyar ita ce,, sabanin zane-zane, da mutummutumai da Monuments duba more idon basira. Haka kuma, don matsahi na saba da gwaninta na bukatar daga duk da ra'ayoyi.

definition

A wannan zamanin, akwai da dama ma'anar sassaka. Da fari dai, shi ne wani abin tunawa, stele, obelisk ko wani abu dabam da aka gina domin dalili daya - don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar na mutum abin da ya sanya da yawa daga mai kyau ga birnin ko kasar.

Abu na biyu, shi ne a sassaka sadaukar da abubuwan tarihin da. Yawancin lokaci, aka shigar a karshen yaƙe-yaƙe. Akwai lokuta idan Monuments aka gina a cikin ranar tunawa da shekaru na wani birni.

A rayuwar yau da kullum da monumental sassaka - shi ne wani mutum-mutumi, wanda yana da manyan girma. Amma wannan definition ba za a iya kira da bincike, ko da yake yana daukan wuri.

A gaskiya ma, cikin monumental sassaka aiki ne na art cewa an sadaukar da abubuwan tarihin da. Yana kuma iya a gina a cikin girmamawa ga mai mutane. Its halayyar alama ne babban sikelin, da kuma jituwa da suke kewaye da gine-gine.

A manufa masu sauraro yana dauke da wani taro masu sauraro. Ba za mu iya ce cewa abin tunawa iya zama wani sassaka da wani adadi, akwai iya zama more. Wani lokaci gina cikakken fama lokacin da halartar da dama mutane, bawo da sauransu.

A tarihin monumental sassaka

A Rasha, kazalika duk faɗin duniya domin mutane da yawa ƙarni shi kammalã ma'adanin na sassaka. Na farko, a matsayin abu used itace, sa'an nan da dutsen. A farkon karni na goma, a Kiev akwai wani farko aikin na alfarma da hali. Yana da wani taimako na Virgin Hodegetria.

Amma ba su yi ĩmãni da cewa monumental da kuma na ado sassaka a zahiri zai fara a Kiev. Gaskiyar cewa Slavic Masters horar a Byzantine talented sculptors. A Byzantine irin dauke da aka riga quite rare.

A farko-daban na alfarma da sassaka da aka kishin ba cikin tarihin ɗan adam. Su yake a cikin yaki tsakanin gumaka, patrons da birane ko haihuwa, da sauransu. Kuma kawai 'yan ƙarni, a juyin juya halin a duniya na art. Akwai na farko Monuments da wanda ya shirya ya immortalize mutane a zahiri data kasance da kuma samar da amfani abubuwa a duniya.

Technology na samar da alfarma da sassaka

Kafin monumental sculptures za a shigar a cikin wurin ajiye shi, mai yawa aiki. Akwai da dama daga masana'antu dabarun, amma kowanne daga cikinsu yana da, a na kowa. A tsari faruwa a 7 matakai:

1. Create a zana a kan takarda.
2. Samar da wata mai hoto zane, wanda za a wakilta da sassaka daga kusurwoyi mabambanta daga view.
3. Samar da wani kananan mutum-mutumi na wani model na mai taushi abu. Yawanci, wannan da aka yi amfani da plasticine. A baya shi ba zai yiwu ba ga kokarin sculpt a kananan kwafin, don haka duk sculptures aka sanya "riba."
4. Samar da wani aiki model, a cikin abin da ya kirga duk gwargwado, har zuwa ƙananan sassa.
5. Ana kirga rabbai a guda tsara tsarin. Sau da yawa almara ake yi sake, amma shan la'akari da aikin yi.
6. FarawaEND_LINK tare da kayan. Santimita sculptor gina gaba halittar.
7. Sanya karshe motsi, corrects kananan details kamar gashi, idanu, lebe da kuma sauran sasanninta.

Saboda haka, halittar wani kananan mutum-mutumi iya daukar shekaru ko shekarun da suka gabata. Hakika, za ka bukatar ka yi la'akari mai yawa bayani don ƙirƙirar wani fitacciyar.

kasa samarwa

Monumental sassaka iya sanya daga daban-daban kayan. Gaskiya baiwa ne iya amfani da duk abin da yake da a kan hannunka. Amma mafi sau da yawa amfani da wadannan kayan:

• Halitta dutse - marmara, ko dutse. A farko ba ka damar yin softer Lines da kuma siffofin, amma shi ne talauci ya sãɓa danshi. Saboda haka, da za a sanya a kan titi mutummutumai dutse amfani da mafi sau da yawa. Products sassaka daga manyan boulders.
• Wucin gadi dutse - a kumshin. Wannan abu ne zuba a cikin mold. Da zarar da sassaka ne bushe, ta yi gaba daya gama. By irin kayayyakin ba su bambanta ba yawa daga marmara, ko dutse, amma suna da yawa mai rahusa.
• Metal - tagulla, tagulla, ko jan karfe. A masana'antu Hanyar kama da na baya embodiment. Narkakkar azurfa da aka zuba a cikin wani mold, sa'an nan ba shi lokaci zuwa bushe.
• Gypsum. Wannan abu ne mafi sauki ga sculptors. Da farko, ruwa da ya garwaya da foda, sa'an nan sakamakon cakuda da aka zuba a cikin wani mold. A bushewa aiwatar daukan wuri da sauri, a zahiri a cikin rabin awa.
• Itace. A wannan yanayin, sassaka iya yanka daga wani monolithic yanki, ko a iya halitta da mutum sassa.

A zabi na kayan da aka mayar da hankali kawai a kan so da sculptor, kawai lokaci-lokaci shi ne aka zaba bisa ga abokin ciniki bukatun na samfur.

Iri monumental sculptures

Monumental sassaka ne iyaka a iri-iri. Za ka iya kai da yawa daga misalai da za a hade da wannan fasaha. Duk da haka, akwai jinsunan ga abin da akwai monumental rarrabuwa model:

• Memorial. Wannan sassaka, da wanda wani yana kokarin da dorewar mahalicci.
• Monument. Wannan abin tunawa, wanda aka sadaukar domin da abubuwan tarihin da ko Figures.
• Statue - wani abin tunawa sadaukar da mutum.
• Stele - a tsaye farantin, wanda Bears rubutu kwarzana ko jawo.
• Obelisk - al'amudi, kunsha na 4 fuskoki cewa Tapered sama.
• Monumental da kuma na ado sassaka. Shi aikin biyu ayyuka. Da fari dai, shi haifar da wani taron ko wani mutum. Kuma abu na biyu, aka yi haka kamar yadda ya dace da yanayi cikin jituwa tare da shi, da cewa shi ne don ado.
• Nasara ginshikan, arches ko ƙofofi. Wadannan su ne Tsarin cewa an yi a cikin girmamawa ga nasara a kan kowa ya rabu da zalunci da kuma sauransu.

Yana yiwuwa a yanzu lokaci zai zama talented sculptors wanda zai kawo ƙarin nau'in a cikin general rarrabuwa. Sabõda haka ka riƙi wani cikakken jerin iya zama kawai a wannan lokacin, ba za mu iya inkarin yuwuwar daukar ma'aikata.

misalai

A kowace kasa, maimakon sha musantawa monumental sassaka. Misalai iya kai illa ma sha Allahu. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa kowane jiha na da tarihi, ta muhimmanci lokacin da manyan mutanen. Kuma zuwa ga yada ilmi to nan gaba, gina Monuments da obelisks, mutummutumai da Monuments, steles da memorials.

Kamar yadda Rasha misali, ka yi la'akari da wani abin tunawa ga Bitrus 1, located in St. Petersburg. Great sculptor Falcone yi aiki a kan shi domin kusan shekaru 15.

Ya kamata ka kuma kula da Alexandria shafi. An sadaukar da nasara a kan Napoleon, amma Alexander na barranta ta yi. Duk da haka, sarki zuriyar ji da hakkin har yanzu dorewar wannan muhimmanci Rasha tarihi lokacin.

Daga waje monumental sculptures za ka iya ganin mutum-mutumi na Marcus Aurelius, located a Roma. Its adana har yau kamata a yi la'akari da wani babban nasara. Lokacin duk da mutummutumai Mark narke, wannan abin tunawa ne wani mutum-mutumi samu wani mabanbanta mutum. Yau, saboda haka, yana yiwuwa ya dubi bayan maido da shi ya dubi kamar sabon.

A Bronze doki

Domin kashe wani abin tunawa ga Bitrus 1, Falcone aka kira su zuwa Rasha ta domin na Empress Catherine II. Sculptor a lokacin da aka riga isa (shekaru 50) na manyan-sikelin aiki, ba ya kasancẽwa ga shi a Faransa. Shi da kansa, cika umarni a kan talakawa shuka, har yanzu mafarki na wani babban aikin. Lokacin da gayyatar zo, ya ba su ma bukatar tunani. Ya zo domin ya Rasha da zaran ya iya.

Falcone tsunduma a aikin for shekaru 12. Amma gaba daya da kansa kashe sassaka ba ya iya ko kawai ba ya so ya. Shugaban tunawa ya ɗauki almajiri, wanda ya zo tare da shi. A Maciji karkashin doki na ƙafa aikata Rasha sculptor.

Tun da aikin da aka quite manyan, master bai yarda da zaben 'yan wasa. A nuna wa kasashen waje ya ba financially yiwu. Amma sai ya juya zuwa ga Haylovu, da wanda ya amince a koyar Falcone, na taimaka masa tare da zabin na samfurori da kuma rabbai.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa sculptor ya mun gwada da kananan kudin, amma tare da taimakon da Bronze hau doki ya gudanar da dorewar ba kawai Rasha Sarkin sarakuna, amma kuma da kansu. Yau, kowa da kowa zai iya samun matsahi na saba da sassaka, yana a cikin jama'a yankin a St. Petersburg.

Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Akwai sculptures, wanda yana da ƙarni da dama. Wasu daga cikin su suna kawai aka sani daga rubuce ko kango. Amma daya har yanzu tsira ga wannan rana. Wannan shi ne wani mutum-mutumi na Marcus Aurelius a Roma.

A general, akwai mutane da yawa irin wannan mutummutumai. Duk da haka, a tsakiyar zamanai suka dukkan narke saukar a da dama da amfani kayayyakin daga tagulla. Hawan Doki image na Marcus Aurelius kiyaye kawai saboda wani kuskure. Da cewa shi rikita batun tare da mutum-mutumi na Sarkin sarakuna Constantine mai girma.

A cikin Renaissance tunawa aiki a matsayin wani wakilin samfurin. Mutane da yawa sculptors, ciki har da basira da kuma ko da baiwa daga Donatello, jũya zuwa gare shi, ya dogara da shi.

Alexander shafi

Alexander shafi bayyana a cikin aikin nan da nan bayan da shan kashi na Napoleon. Duk da haka, sarki bai goyi bayan ra'ayin, saboda yana fadin, da kuma godiya rubutu a cikin girmamawa Alexander I, bai dace da shi. Aiki a kan obelisk tsaya.

Daga baya, a lokacin da Karl Rossi tsunduma a cikin zane na Janar Staff, ya adapts da gine karkashin Alexander Column. Saboda haka, a 1829 Nicholas ba ni da wani zabi, amma ya yarda da aikin. Abin baƙin ciki, ya ci gaba ya ya danƙa ba Rossi da kuma Montferrand.

Alexander Column da aka yi na ja dutse. Its saman da aka yi wa ado da wani malã'ika ne. Yana wakiltar cikin mafi girman nasara shafi a duniya. Kuma ta bayãnin hukuncin alama ne cewa a karkashin shi akwai ba shi da tushe ko tari ƙarfafa. Yana riqe kawai godiya ga wani cikakken lissafi.

A gini na Admiralty

A gini na Admiralty a St. Petersburg da aka za'ayi bisa ga zane na Bitrus I. A yi ya fara a 1704. Bayan shekaru 7, a tsakiyar ginin facade, hasumiya, spire cewa ƙawata kananan jirgin ruwan.

A gini na Admiralty a St. Petersburg ne daya daga cikin manyan gine-gine na birnin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa uku da manyan tituna rarraba tare da shi. Main facade kan tsawon na 407 mita. Nan Kusa akwai wani sculptural ado, wanda ya hada da dama da mutummutumai da kuma ginshikan.

ƙarshe

Duk da haka dai, wani muhimmin wuri a cikin art na yin wani monumental sassaka. Photos of daban-daban nasara mutummutumai, da mutummutumai ko Monuments ƙawata shafukan da yawa littattafan tarihi. Wasu sculptures ne a zaman kansa collections, amma ko da daga lokaci zuwa lokaci show a nune-nunen. Duk da haka, domin mafi yawan bangare duk Monuments located a kan titunan gari da kuma kowa da kowa ya iya karanta su for free.