Duniya Heritage Sites a Rasha. Abubuwan da Rasha Duniya Heritage: cikakken jerin

Duniya tana cike da kyau gine-gine, na halitta mamaki, da kuma sauran abubuwa da musamman murna mutane. Kuma da aiki na kowane zamani - don adana wannan dũkiya, kuma ba da ita ga zuriyarsu. A mafi muhimmanci da jan hankali fada cikin wani musamman jerin.

Game World Heritage Site

Ban tsoro ga tunanin cewa yara ba gani, misali, da Acropolis ko da Solovetsky Islands. A halin yanzu, shi zai iya faruwa, idan ba a nan gaba, a cikin 'yan zamaninsu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa daya daga cikin manyan al'amurra na mutãne - don adana da kuma bunkasa al'adu da kuma albarkatun kasa da duniyar tamu.

Don wannan karshen, musamman jerin da aka halitta, wanda ya hada da Duniya Heritage shafukan, wanda aka located a kan ƙasa na kasashe daban-daban da kuma yankuna. Akwai su da yawa, su ne bambancin, da kuma kowane ne na musamman.

Janar bayani game da jerin

A ra'ayin na cikin jerin daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da abubuwa a cikin duniya da aka gane a cikin shekarar 1978, bayan shekaru shida na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Yarjejeniyar da aka soma a baya ya yi kira overall alhakin adana daga cikin mafi muhimmanci al'adu da na halitta shafukan.

A karshen shekarar 2014, cikin jerin ƙunshi 1.007 sunayen. A saman goma a kan yawan Duniya Heritage shafukan ne Italy, China, Spain, Faransa, Jamus, Mexico, India, Great Britain, Rasha da kuma Amurka. Kaucewa a kan yankin ƙasarsu shi ne 359 sunayen kunshe a cikin jerin.

Akwai da dama daga sharudda, bisa ga abin da fadada daga cikin jerin da faruwa. Sun hada da bambancinsa ko exclusivity na wani wuri ko gina daga daban-daban ra'ayoyi: .. Its mazaunan, tsarin, shaidar wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaba da wayewar, da dai sauransu Saboda haka wani lokacin da jerin za a iya samu quite m ga wani ya tarar.

Categories da misalai

A bambancin da World Heritage ya kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin: al'adu, na halitta, al'adu da na halitta. Sinfi na farko shi ne mafi girma, shi ya hada 779 abubuwa, misali, ginin Opera House a Sydney. Na biyu kungiyar hada da 197 abubuwa, ciki har da Bialowieza Forest da Grand Canyon. A karshen category shi ne mafi karami - kawai 31 tunawa, amma da suka hada duka biyu da na halitta kyakkyawa da mutum baki: Machu Picchu, da gidajen lama na Meteora, da dai sauransu ...

Mutane ko ta yaya samu amfani da farko zuwa sha'awan da gine-gine da kuma ayyukan nasu kokari, kuma ya manta game da halitta kyakkyawa. Kuma a banza, domin a gaskiya shi ne ma Duniya Al'adu Heritage.

a Rasha

A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation ne 26 Monuments kunshe a cikin UNESCO jerin. 15 daga cikinsu suna classified a matsayin al'adu, da kuma sauran 11 - halitta. Suna located a fadin kasar da kuma hada da gaske musamman abubuwa Rasha UNESCO Duniya Heritage Site.

Domin da farko lokacin da Rasha Federation ya shiga cikin jerin kasashen da suke da akwai Monuments na mutum da na halitta baiwa, a shekarar 1990, a lokacin da jerin kara Moscow Kremlin da kuma Red Square, kazalika da Kizhi da tarihi cibiyar na St. Petersburg. A nan gaba, kasar Rasha ta duniya Heritage Site aka kai a kai sabunta, da kuma har yanzu ci gaba da girma. A cikin jerin reserves fada, gidajen ibada, ma'aunan kasa Monuments da yawa wasu abubuwa. Saboda haka, a shekarar 2014, a cikin duniya Heritage List Rasha shiga tarihi-archaeological hadaddun "Bulgar", wanda aka located in Tatarstan.

cikakken jerin

Rasha Monuments Duniya Heritage mafi yawa da aka sani ga dama 'yan ƙasa. Amma wani zai sami wani abu da kuma wanda ba a sani abubuwa da za su iya son ziyarta, don haka yana da kyau a kawo cikakken jerin:

• tarihi cibiyar da Monuments na St. Petersburg.
• A Kremlin da kuma Red Square a Moscow.
• Kizhi hurumi.
• Novgorod da kewaye.
• White Monuments na Vladimir kuma Suzdal.
• Church of Hawan Yesu zuwa sama a cikin Kolomenskoye,
• Triniti Lavra na St. Sergius.
• Komi dazuka.
• Lake Baikal.
• Kamchatka volcanoes.
• yanayi ajiye Sikhote-Alin.
• Golden Altai Mountains.
• Lake Uvs Nuur tasa.
• Yammacin Caucasus.
• Kazan Kremlin.
• Ferapontov sufi.
• Curonian tofa.
• tsohon garin na Derbent.
• Wrangel Island.
• Novodevichy Convent.
• tarihi tsakiyar birnin na Yaroslavl.
• Struve Arc.
• Putorana tudu.
• Lena Pillars.
• hadaddun "Bulgar".

Wani batun da aka alaka da siyasa da suka faru na 2014 - a kan Crimean sashin ne tsoho garin Hersonissos, wanda kuma ya hada da a Duniya Al'adu Heritage. Rasha zahiri da wani abu to ku yi jihãdi ga, saboda kasar tana located yafi musamman abubuwa, kuma kowane daga cikinsu na iya ƙarshe shiga cikin UNESCO jerin. A halin yanzu, yana da daraja fiye da su koyi game da Monuments da suke riga a cikin jerin. Ba abin mamaki ba da suka juya da baya?

halitta

Rasha - a sararin kasa, da most a duniya da yankin. 9, lokacin da zones, 4 da yanayin babbar dama daban-daban zones. Ba mamaki, da Duniya Halitta Heritage na Rasha ne isasshe da yawa da bambance bambancen - 11 abubuwa. Akwai sararin gandun daji, da tsabta, zurfin tabkuna, na halitta mamaki na mai kyau.

• Virgin Komi dazuka. Dauke da most m gandun daji a Turai. A cikin World Heritage hada da Rasha, a 1995. Girma a yankin ƙasarsu da kuma gida ga mutane da yawa rare jinsunan Flora da fauna.
• Lake Baikal. Shi ne mafi zurfi a duniya. Yana kunshe a cikin jerin a 1996. Mutane da yawa daga cikin jinsunan rai a cikin tafkin ne endemic.
• A volcanoes na Kamchatka Larabawa. Su wani bangare ne na Pacific wuta zobe. Kunshe a cikin Rasha Duniya Heritage shafukan a 1996.
• Golden Mountains na Altai. A cikin jerin tun 1998. Sun hada da wuraren da rare jinsunan Flora da fauna.
• Caucasian Reserve. Yana located in uku yankuna na Rasha: Krasnodar Territory, da Jamhuriyar karachay-Cherkessia da Adygeya. A cikin jerin tun 1999.
• Jamhuriyar Sikhote-Alin. Nature Reserve, dake a cikin Primorsky Abuja. A da karkararta gida da yawa rare jinsin dabbobi. Ya shiga cikin UNESCO jerin a 2001.
• Curonian tofa. Wannan musamman tsarin ne mai yashi jiki, mikewa da Baltic Sea kusan 100 kilomita. A cikin ƙasa na tofa babban adadin wuraren ban sha'awa, kamar sanannen "dancing gandun daji", kamar yadda ta hanyar shi ne hanyar da yanayi hijirarsa na da yawa tsuntsaye. Kunshe a cikin jerin a 2000.
• Pool Uvs Nuur. Located a kan iyakar Rasha da kuma Mongolia. M kara wa jerin a 2003, bisa ga ka'idar kasa da kasa kimiyya muhimmancin, da kuma kiyayewa daga nazarin halittu da kuma wuri mai faɗi da bambancin.
• Wrangel Island. Kusan kashi daidai halves tsakanin kasashen Turai da kuma Gabas ta hemispheres. Mafi yawa daga karkararta aka rufe da duwatsun. Ga girma rare shuke-shuke, ciki har da cewa shi ne dalilin da domin yin wani abu a cikin jerin UNESCO a shekarar 2004 a karkashin lambar 1023.
• Putorana Reserve. Yana da aka hada a Duniya Heritage jerin a 2010. Akwai hanyoyi na hijirarsa daga manyan alƙarya na reindeer, kazalika da musamman hade ta kunsa kiyaye.
• Lena Pillars. A lokacin, da karshen wata Duniya Halitta Heritage a Rasha. Yana da aka kunshe a cikin jerin a 2012. Bugu da kari ga ado muhimmancin wannan abu muhimmanci musamman ma'aunan kasa tafiyar matakai abin da ke faruwa a nan.

mutum da aka yi

Hakika, da abubuwa Rasha World Heritage Site, sun hada da ba wai kawai na halitta Monuments, da kuma sakamakon da mutum aiki.

• St. Petersburg ta tarihi cibiyar. Red Square da kuma Kremlin a Moscow. Hearts na biyu dajiya kunshe a cikin jerin a lokaci guda - a shekarar 1990 - da kuma a kan sharudda hudu.
• Kizhi. Wannan musamman gungu na katako, gine-gine da aka hada a UNESCO jerin a shekarar 1990, ya yi yawa. Yana da wani real abin mamaki na duniya, ba kawai ya nuna da baiwa daga mutãne, amma abin mamaki a cikin jituwa da kewaye yanayi.
• A shekarar 1992, UNESCO soma a cikin jerin 3 more jan hankali: Monuments na Novgorod, Vladimir kuma Suzdal, da kuma Solovetsky sufi.
• . Triniti-Sergius sufi da Church of Hawan Yesu zuwa sama a cikin Kolomenskoye, sanya jerin a 1993 da kuma 1994, aka sani na da kyau ga dukkan - da yawa mazauna birnin Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin a kai a kai zo a can.
• Ferapontov sufi a Vologda yankin shiga cikin jerin a 2000, a matsayin Kazan Kremlin.
• Monuments na birnin Derbent a Dagestan - 2003.
• Novodevichy Convent a Moscow - 2004.
• A tarihi cibiyar na Yaroslavl - 2005.
• Struve Geodetic Arc (2 maki), wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa da siffar, size da kuma wasu sauran sigogi na duniya - 2005.
• Gine-gine da kuma tarihi hadaddun Bulgar - 2014.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, da Duniya Al'adu Heritage shafukan Rasha kagaggun mayar da hankali a Turai wani ɓangare na da tattalin arziki auka cewa siffofi ci gaban da ƙasa.

nema

List of World Heritage Rasha iya muhimmanci ƙara a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Gwamnatin Rasha a kai a kai na samar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya duka sabon masu nema, a nasu musamman da kyau. Yanzu akwai 24 shafukan da cewa za a iya kunshe a cikin babban jerin na UNESCO.

Da barazana da nau'i nau'i

Abin baƙin ciki, ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu a kiyaye Duniya Heritage. Rasha, sa'a, shi ne ba tukuna barazana, duk da shafukan kunshe a cikin jerin, suna a cikin zumunta aminci. UNESCO a kai a kai gyararrakin da kuma wallafa wani musamman jerin, wanda ya hada da musamman abubuwa da suke cikin hadari. Yanzu shi kunshi 38 maki. Halitta da kuma al'adu shafukan fada cikin wannan "gangami" list don dalilai daban-daban: farautar, deforestation, yi da kuma sake gina ayyukan da cewa karya tarihi bayyanar, sauyin yanayi, da dai sauransu Bugu da kari, mafi girma maƙiyi daga cikin World Heritage Site - wannan lokaci, wanda shi ne ba zai yiwu ba .. win. Amma duk da haka daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, da Monuments aka nuna a wannan jerin, mafi yawa saboda kyautata halin da ake ciki. Amma akwai bakin ciki misalai a lokacin da halin da ake ciki rincabewa ga irin wannan har da cewa abubuwa kawai daina shiga cikin World Heritage Site. Rasha yana da abin tsoro, ko da yake halin da ake ciki muhalli a wasu sassa na kasar iya shafi mutane da yawa na halitta Monuments. Kuma a sa'an nan, watakila, da Rasha Federation "gangami" list zai zama dacewa.

Ayyukan na UNESCO

Hada kan jerin - shi ne ba kawai da ba sosai girma, amma da farko, kuma farkon hankali da aminci, kuma daga waɗanda ko wasu abubuwa da manyan yawan kungiyoyi. UNESCO kuma karfafa ci gaban da aiyukan-yawon shakatawa da kuma karuwa mutane ta wayar da kan jama'a game da musamman Monuments. Bugu da kari, akwai na musamman asusu, wanda kudaden tallafi wurare.