Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th a takaice

A mafi fahimtar da tarihi matakai na farko da rabi na karni na 20th za a iya neman hanyar zane-zane na lokaci da kuma karanta mafi ban sha'awa da wallafe-wallafen da abubuwan da suka Sahaban. Mu tafi da kyau a kananan digression.

Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th: a takaice

A nuna na karni a al'adar Turai rinjaye lalacewar - shi ne mai yawa daban-daban na saɓani igiyoyin cewa ba su da juna a na kowa. Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th, yana da biyu main yankunan:

• Modern (France -. Art Nouveau, shi -. Art Nouveau).
• Zamani.

A farko haife shi a ƙarnin na karni na 19th kuma sannu a hankali daina wanzuwa da farkon yakin duniya na farko (a shekara ta 1914).

Zamani - shi ne mai ban sha'awa shugabanci na marigayi 19th - farkon karni na 20th. Saboda haka arziki a Masterpieces na zanen da zane, wanda aka raba raba kwarara daga halayyar fasali.

Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th - wannan topic ne ba da lacca, m daya-Impressionist artists iya koya a rayuwa. Mu har yanzu yi ƙoƙari na magana game da wannan ban sha'awa sabon abu kaɗan. Da farko mun ba da halayyar biyu manyan yankunan: wayewar da kuma zamani. Ba tare da su, al'adu da fasaha na farko da rabi na karni na 20th ne mai wuya. Next, matsa zuwa adabi da kuma cinema.

Modern: yanayi - tushen inexhaustible wahayi

Sunan zo daga shugabanci na Faransa kalmar "moderne", wanda yake nufin "zamani". Wannan Trend in Amirka, Turai da kuma Rasha art a nuna na 19-20 ƙarni. Zamani ne sau da yawa a gauraye da zamani, ko da yake shi ne tushen daban-daban abubuwa da cewa suna da kadan da ya yi tare da juna. Mun jera rarrabe fasalulluka na wannan style of art:

• bincika wahayi zuwa a yanayi da duniya ke kewaye da su;
• rashin kaifi Lines.
• iri na, muted sautunan.
• ado, airiness.
• da gaban da zane-zane daga cikin abubuwa na dabi'a: itatuwa, ciyawa kuma shrubs.

Don gane da abin da zamani, mafi sauki, bimbinin gine na Turai birane a cikin wannan salon. Wato - da gine-gine da kuma Cathedrals Gaudi a Barcelona. A babban birnin kasar na Catalonia ya janyo hankalin mai yawan yawon bude ido ne saboda ta musamman gine. A kayan ado ne daban-daban gine-gine Upland, jeri na bangaren, da kuma lightness. Sagrada Familia (Sagrada Familia) - wannan shi ne mafi daukan hankali aikin mai girma Antonio Gaudi.

Next, la'akari da aikin Turai artists, wanda Ya halitta su zane-zane a cikin Art Nouveau style. Don rage wuya da fahimtar littattafai ba karamin tebur.

Modern artists

Nouveau shugabanci	artist wakilin
zanen	Gauguin, Klimt
graphics	Beardsley
Banners kuma posters	Toulouse-Lautrec

zamani

Don me wannan Trend iya yi ya samo asali, don lashe soyayya da masu sauraro da kuma bayar da tashi da ci gaban irin wannan ban sha'awa yayi kamar surrealism da futurism?

Saboda zamani ne juyin juya halin da a art. Yana tashi a matsayin rashin amincewa da m hadisai na almara.

Creative mutane suna neman sababbin hanyoyin magana da wakilci na gaskiya. A zamani na da halayyar siffofin peculiar kawai don shi:

• high rawar da ciki duniya na mutum;
• bincika sabon da asali ideas.
• babban muhimmanci da aka bai wa m diraya.
• Wallafe-wallafe na taimaka spiritualisation adam.
• fitowan da labari.

Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th: da hotuna na daban-daban artists zai koyi a cikin gaba biyu sassan.

Ban sha'awa modernist motsi

Abin da suke? Amazing: za ka iya yin tunãni a kan su, kuma kullum ganowa wani sabon abu. Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th, za a takaicce aka bayyana a kasa.

Ba za mu azabta kuma zai samar da bayanai a mafi dunkule tsari - a cikin wani nau'i na tebur. A hagu zai dauke da sunan m igiyoyin, dama - da halaye.

Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th: a tebur

Original modernist motsi

Sunan mana	fasalin
surrealism	A apotheosis na mutum hasashensu. Paradoxical hade da daban-daban siffofin.
impressionism	Yana samo asali a Faransa, sa'an nan yada a duniya. Impressionists watsa shirye-shirye a fadin duniya a cikin canzawa.
expressionism	Artists nemi ya bayyana a hotuna na wani tunanin jihar, daga tsõro zuwa asar, sai murna.
futurism	A farko ideas tashi a Rasha da kuma a Italiya. Futurists a cikin zane-zane expertly shige da motsi, da makamashi da kuma gudun.
cubism	The zane-zane kunshi wani fanciful lissafi siffofi a wani takamaiman abun da ke ciki.

Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th (Table 9 aji) keyi na asali sanin a kan topic.

A kusa look at Impressionism da Surrealism matsayin wani motsi wanda ya kawo art a wani tushen sabon ideas.

Surrealism: da mahaukaci kerawa ko baiwa?

Yana daya daga cikin modernist igiyoyin fito a 1920 a Faransa.

Karatu da aiki na Surrealists, wata al'ada mutum sau da yawa abubuwan al'ajabi game da shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya. Mafi yawa daga cikin artists a cikin wannan shugabanci sun kasance quite dace mutane.

To, yãya yi su sarrafa su kusantar da haka m hotuna? A dukan batu na matasa da kuma son canza default hanyar tunani. domin surrealist art wani hanya na kebewa daga cikin dokoki. Surrealist zane-zane a hade tare da gaskiyar a mafarki. Artists shiryar da uku sharudda:

1. shakatawa na ruhi;
2. shan images of da tunaninsu da lamirinsu.
3. idan na farko da maki biyu ya gaza, suka ɗauki goga.

Fahimci yadda suka fentin da irin wannan hoton-mai daraja, yana da wuya. Daya zato shi ne cewa surrealists m na Freud da ra'ayoyin game da mafarkai. Na biyu - a kan yin amfani da wasu abubuwa da canza sani. Ina ne gaskiya - shi ne ba a bayyana. Bari mu kawai a ji dadin art, ko da kuwa da yanayi. Kasa shi ne mai hoto "Clock" almara Salvador Dali.

Impressionism a zanen

Impressionism - wani layin na zamani, da haifuwa - France ...

Zane-zane na wannan salon ne daban-daban karin bayanai, da play haske da haske launuka. Artists nemi kama a kan zane da real duniya a cikin canzawa da kuma motsi. Na Impressionist zane-zane a cikin kowa mutum inganta yanayi, don haka suna da muhimmanci da kuma haske.

Artists wannan shugabanci ba tãyar da wani falsafa al'amurran da suka shafi - su kawai kusantar da abin da ba su gan shi. Kamar wancan shi masterfully, ta amfani da dama dabaru da kuma wani mai haske palette launuka.

Wallafe-wallafe daga Classicism zuwa rayuwa

Al'adu da art na farko da rabi na karni na 20th - wani sabon Trend in adabi cewa canza zukatan mutane. A halin da ake ciki shi ne kama da zanen Classicism abu da suka gabata, bada hanya zuwa ga sabon yayi na zamani.

Ya ya instrumental a cikin irin wannan ban sha'awa "samu" a cikin adabi, kamar:

• ciki monologue.
• rafi na ruhi;
• m jam'iyya.
• da ikon marubucin dubi kaina daga waje (da ikon magana game da kansa a matsayin mutum na uku).
• irrealism.

New trends a cikin adabi na farko da rabi na karni na 20th

sunan kwatance	Authors
zaman jama'a romanticism	Galsworthy, Mann, Belle
surrealism	Eluard, Aragon
rayuwa	Kafka, Rilke
A modernist litattafan	Dzheyms Dzhoys

Irlansky marubuci Dzheyms Dzhoys ne na farko da amfani da irin wannan wallafe-wallafen na'urorin kamar yadda ciki monologue da wani parody.

Franz Kafka - wani shahararren marubuci na kasar Austria, kafa na yanzu rayuwa a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Duk da cewa a lokacin da yake rayuwa da ayyukansa ba sa m babbar sha'awa na karatu, shi ne gane kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi kyau marubuta daga cikin karni na 20th.

Aikinsa rinjayi da masifu na yakin duniya na farko. Ya rubuta wani matukar zurfi da wuya aiki, da nuna mutum rashin ƙarfi a lõkacin da tsayar da su a Wauta na gaskiya. Marubucin ba hana a cikin walwala da annashuwa, da yake ya yi wani sosai musamman da kuma baki.

Mun hankalin cewa Kafka osmyslennnoe karatu zai iya taimaka wajen rage yanayi. Karanta marubucin mafi kyau a cikin mai kyau yanayi da kuma wani bit na abstracting daga ciki tunani. A karshen, ya bayyana kawai da wahayi na gaskiya. Kafka da ya fi shahara aiki - "Tsari".

cinema

Funny shiru fina-finan - shi ne ma al'ada da fasaha na farko da rabi na karni na 20th, kamar yadda suka karanta.

Babu sauran art form, gwamnatin kamar yadda hanzari a matsayin cinema. movie halittar fasahar da aka gabatar a cikin marigayi 19th karni: kawai shekaru 50 ta ya 'iya canza mai yawa da kuma lashe zukatan miliyoyin mutane.

A farko-finan da aka halitta a cikin m kasashe, ciki har da Rasha.

Da farko, da fim da aka baki da fari da kuma ba tare da sauti. Ma'anar shiru fina-finai da aka canja wurin bayanai ta hanyar motsi da kuma fuska da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

A karo na farko a movie tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo magana akwai a 1927. A Amirka, kamfanin "Uorner Brazers" yanke shawarar saki fim "The Jazz Singer", kuma shi ne riga cikakken movie tare da sauti.

A Rasha cinema ne ma ba a tsaye har yanzu. A farko nasara aikin da aka fim "Don Cossacks". Duk da haka, yin katsalandan a cikin Rasha fina-finai ma yana wurin zama: karkashin ban aka harbi coci bikin da sarauta iyali.

A musamman mataki a cikin ci gaban kasa cinema fara bayan da Bolsheviks zo da wuta. Wadannan gwarazansa sauri gane cewa cinema iya zama fiye da kawai nisha, amma kuma mai tsanani farfaganda makami.

Mafi shahara Soviet darektan 30s zama Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Works kamar "jirgin ruwa na soja Potemkin" da "Alexander Nevsky", sun dade tun zama classic. Kyiv darektan Alexander Dovzhenko kuma kai tsayi a cikin film. A mafi daukan hankali aikin - fim "Earth".

An ban sha'awa topic for tattaunawa a tsakanin manya - shi ne al'adu da fasaha na farko da rabi na karni na 20th. Grade 9 ya ba truncated bayanai da sauri vuya daga kansa. Don cika wannan rata iya zama kai sanar.