Alexander Golovanov: biography da kuma hoto

Alexander Golovanov - da aka sani m kwamandan sojojin da suka yi aiki a cikin Soviet sojojin. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya jagoranci Soviet dogon zangon da jirgin sama, kazalika da 18th Air Army. Bayan yaki, ya aka nada ya ɓatar da dukan dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama, da Tarayyar Soviet. A shekarar 1944 ya aka ciyar da su Cif na Air Marshal. A cikin tarihi na Ma'aikata 'da kuma manoma' Red Army suka zama manya marshal.

Ƙananan yara da kuma matasa na nan gaba matukin jirgi

Alexander Golovanov aka haife shi a 1904. Ya aka haife shi a Rasha Empire a babban birnin - Nizhniy Novgorod. Uwãyensa sun kasance sanannun mazauna birnin. Uwar - opera singer da ubansa - kyaftin na towing jirgin. 8-shekara Alexander Golovanov aka koyan Alexander yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps. Saboda haka kamar yadda yaro, shi aka yanke shawarar cewa zai zama da soja a nan gaba.

The Red Guards shiga gwarzo wannan labarin, lokacin da na ke matashi. A watan Oktoba 1917, ya kasance ne kawai shekaru 13 da haihuwa. Duk da haka, bisa ga waje da ãyõyinMu da ya aka bai yafi. Ya dube duk 16, da kuma ci gaban da aka karkashin mita biyu.

Bayan nasarar da juyin juya halin Oktoba aka sanya Soviet iko. Tuni a shekarar 1918, ya fara Bama rayuwa. Alexander Golovanov Molde shekaru, ya tafi aiki a wani Courier ofishin "Profsohleb", shirya a Abinci Commissariat.

Saka hannu cikin yakin basasa

Ya dauki bangare a cikin yakin basasa, Alexander Golovanov. Ya yi ta sanya wani Scout a cikin 59th dakaru rajimanti, wanda ya yi aiki fama manufa kan kudancin gaban. A daya daga cikin fadace-fadace ya samu girgizawa.

Demobilized kawai a 1920. Golovanov Aleksandr ya riga ya yanke shawarar cewa aikin farar hula da aka ba a gare shi. Saboda haka na shiga wani da ake kira Chung. Wannan wani bangare ne na wata manufa ta musamman. Tun lokacin da alfijir na Tarayyar Soviet da aka kira kwaminisanci mayakan cewa wanzu a daban-daban jam'iyyar Kwayoyin. Su aiki da ya gudanar da wani matsara wajibi a m wurare, a kowane yiwu hanya don taimaka Soviet gwamnati a gwagwarmaya da counter-juyin juya halin.

Da farko chun darajõji aka kafa kawai na jam'iyyar 'yan takara da kuma na jam'iyyar. Duk da haka, ta 1920, a lokacin da Chung shiga Golovanov Aleksandr, akwai fara daukar aiki Komsomol mambobi da ma wadanda ba jam'iyyar.

A wannan yanayin, abin da aka sani game da halayen mu labarin a kan hukuma takardun, da ɗan at rashin daidaito da nasa hannu ya rubuta wani tarihin rayuwar. A karshen babu inda aka ambaci game da sabis a Chon. Alexander Golovanov, wani photo na wanda yake a cikin wannan labarin, ya furta cewa, a cikin wadannan shekaru ya yi aiki a gudanar da wadata na Red Army da kuma Navy a cikin post Courier.

A mataki na gaba a cikin rayuwarsa - a Tsentropechat wakili, sa'an nan handyman a kan katako iyo a kan "Volgosudstroy" sha'anin. Daga baya ya kasance wani wakili da kuma matsayin lantarki a karo na biyar Volzhsky shiryayye GPU, wanda aka tushen a cikin gidansa birni - Nizhniy Novgorod.

Service na OGPU

A 1924 ya shiga cikin OGPU Golovanov Aleksandr Evgenevich. Biography of gwarzo wannan labarin ta nasaba da wannan jiki ga na gaba 9 shekaru.

Decrypts da GPU a matsayin "United Jihar Siyasa Administration," an sarrafa a majalisar jama'ar kasar Commissars. Yana da aka kafa a shekarar 1923 a kan tushen da NKVD.

A cikin farkon shekaru na OGPU jagoranci Felix Dzerzhinsky, kuma daga 1926 zuwa 1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau tsunduma sarrafawa aiki da ya yi aiki a musamman sassan. Na tafi daga ana izini ga shugaban sashen.

Ya halarci sau biyu a cikin m kasuwanci tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasar Sin. A musamman, a cikin Xinjiang lardin. A farkon 30s. Jim kadan kafin ya zama memba na All-Union na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Bolsheviks.

The kama Savinkov

The haske page aikinsa zuwa GPU zama da hannu a kama Borisa Savinkova. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shugabannin Rasha Social yunkuri, a White Guard. A 'yan ta'adda da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci.

Bayan da bourgeois juyin juya halin na Fabrairu 1917, ya samu cikin post na kwamishinan na wucin gwamnatin. A watan Agusta, a kan abin da ya faru na Kornilov a kan Petrograd da ya zama soja mulkin birnin. Janar samarwa su yi biyayya da ta wucin gwamnatin, amma a karshen shigar da gazawar.

Oktoba juyin juya halin da aka ba da goyan. Ya halarci adawa da Bolsheviks, kafa wata mai sa kai sojojin a kan Don, goyon Denikin. A sakamakon haka, ya yi hijira daga kasar, kokarin kafa dangane da nationalists, amma yana yiwuwa ya fadi a cikin cikakken siyasa kadaici.

Duk da wannan, domin kawar da anti-Soviet karkashin kasa savinkovskogo OGPU aiwatar for "Hada-2". A ta kuma halarci Golovanov. A watan Agusta 1924 Savinkov asirce zo a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, coaxed tsaro.

Da ya gudanar a Minsk da aka kama. A Savinkov kotu kayen za ~ e, a yaki da Soviet gwamnatin Syria da kuma rushewar nasu akida. Ya aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa, da yanke hukunci ya zarar saukake ta maye gurbin mai shekaru 10 a gidan yari.

Bisa ga hukuma version, a shekara ta 1925, ya kashe kansa da tsalle daga na biyar bene taga. A dakin inda ya aka dauka ga tambayar, babu sanduna a kan windows. Akwai wani madadin version, bisa ga abin da ya kashe cikin OGPU. A musamman, shi ya kafa daga Alexander Solzhenitsyn a littafinsa "The Gulag tarin tsiburai."

Golovanov - farar hula matukin jirgi

A shekarar 1931, Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha aka sanya wa jama'ar kasar Commissar na Tã Industry, inda ya kasance da babban sakataren. A shekara, ya fara rayayye gano da sana'a na kamfanin jirgin sama matukan jirgi. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar Osoaviahima (analogue na zamani DOSAAF).

A shekara ta 1933 ya dauki wani aiki a "Tunisair". Kamar haka ya fara aiki iska. Har farkon na adawa da Nazi invaders, ya tashi a kan yakin flights. Ya yi aiki da hanyar sama daga talakawa matukin jirgi zuwa shugaban sashen da kuma, a karshe, shugaban matukin jirgi.

An muhimmanci milestone a cikin aiki shi ne shekara 1935 a lokacin da Golovanov aka nada ya jagoranci Gabas Siberian Department of Civil Air jiragen ruwa. An tushen a Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov ya gina wani aiki a sifirin jiragen sama.

A 1937, a lokacin da purges tsakanin gurguzun, Golovanov fitar daga jam'iyyar. Duk da haka, ya gudanar kauce wa kama. Bugu da ƙari, ya tafi zuwa Moscow, kamar yadda ya ce, - "ga neman gaskiya." Kuma ya yi nasara. Metropolitan kwamitin jam'iyyar iko, ya yanke shawarar cewa wariya kuskure. Duk da haka, a Irkutsk, bai mayar riga ya fara. Ya aka bar a Moscow a kan post na matukin jirgi. Ya yi kyau a cikin babban birnin kasar. A takaice lokaci daga baya Golovanov an dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau matuka na kasar sifirin jiragen sama, shi ne shugaban matukin rundujar soja masu dawaki manufa ta musamman.

A shekara ta 1938, mu gwarzo labarin kafa wani enviable rikodin. Ya total jirgin kwarewa amounted zuwa miliyan daya kilomita. A Soviet jaridu fara rubuta game da shi a matsayin "matukin-ance." Domin wannan ya aka bayar da "kyau Tunisair". Kuma duk da flights sun matsala-free, cewa a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, a lokacin da wani mutum ne kawai ya fara zuwa nasara da sararin samaniyar, aka yi wata babbar nasara. Ya zama da gaske rare mutumin a cikin kasar. Ya hoto ko aka buga a kan murfin da mujallar "Ogonyok".

A lokacin babban Patriotic War

Experience na hallara a tashin Golovanov samu kafin Jamus farkisanci invaders farmaki da Tarayyar Soviet. A 1939 ya dauki bangare a fadace-fadace a Khalkhin-. A wani unannounced gida da makamai rikici, wanda ya dauki tsawon watanni da dama a cikin ƙasa na Mongolia. Yana halarci a daya hannun, Soviet sojojin da mangolawa, da sauran - da Empire of Japan.

A rikici ƙare tare da cikakken shan kashi na Japan rabo. Haka kuma, Tarayyar Soviet da Japan da daban-daban, ra'ayin da wadannan abubuwan. Idan kasa historiography ake magana a kai a matsayin gida soja rikici, da Japan magana da su a matsayin na biyu Rasha-Japanese yaki.

A kadan daga baya, Golovanov tafi gaban Soviet-Finnish yaki. Wannan yaki dade kadan kasa da watanni shida. Yana duk fara da cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta zargi Finland da dakarun. Saboda haka, da majalisar cikakken zargi da yãƙi a cikin Scandinavian kasar. A sakamakon haka ne cikar wata yarjejeniya, a karkashin abin da Tarayyar Soviet ya tashi 11% a Finland. Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar, Tarayyar Soviet aka dauke da tsokana da aka fitar daga cikin League of Nations.

Bayan halarci duka wadannan rikice-rikice, Golovanov hadu da Great Patriotic War sun samu soja matukin jirgi. Back a farkon 41 th, kafin harin da Hitler, ya rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga Stalin, wanda kubutar da bukatar musamman shirya matukan jirgin, don tashi dogon zangon-m. Musamman a mummunan yanayi, to wannan da kuma haddi Heights.

A watan Fabrairu, ya yi wani sirri taron tare da Generalissimo, sakamakon wanda ya sa aka nada kwamandan raba rajimanti na dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama. A watan Agusta, sai aka bashi mukamin na shugaban Air Division domin kara mataki. Kuma wani suna da aka sanya a watan Oktoba. Major General sufurin jiragen sama Alexander Golovanov samu. Yakin duniya na II Tsohon soji sa shi nuna kansa a kan iska fronts. A kan Hauwa'u na sabon 1942, ya zama shugaban da jirgin sama rabo daga cikin dogon zangon a wani kudi na babban kwamandan.

iska Marshal

A shekarar 1942 wannan labarin ya zama gwarzo ya jagoranci dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama. A watan Mayu, aka bai wa shi daraja na Laftanar Janar. Tun daga nan kuma sai ƙarshen yaki ya wata babbar a dukan na Soviet dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama. A lokaci guda ya ji daɗi da juyayi, girmamawa da kuma dogara a kan wani ɓangare na Stalin shugaban. Saboda haka samun yau da kullum soja mukamansu ba dade a cikin zuwan.

Tun Maris 1943 - Kanar-Janar. Kuma Agusta 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air Marshal. A lokacin yakin da aka nada shugaban 18th Air Army, a cikin gaba dayan dogon zangon-kai harin na kasar da aka kai tsaye mayar da hankali a kan lokaci. Duk da daraja maxaukakiya, Golovanov ya kai a kai halarci fama manufa. A musamman, ta tafi m harin bom da hare-hare a farkon yakin. Lokacin da a lokacin rani na 1941, a cikin wata daya, da Soviet matuka da za'ayi a jerin aviabombardirovok Berlin.

Wannan aka riga da wani m bombardment na Moscow, wanda ya fara kusan nan da nan bayan da yaki ya fara. Duk da yake Goebbels ma yana da lokaci zuwa ce cewa Soviet iska karfi gaba daya ci, da kuma Berlin ba zai sauke guda bam. Golovanov brilliantly karyata wannan m sanarwa.

A farko jirgin zuwa Berlin aka sanya a kan 7 ga watan Agusta. Soviet jirage tashi a tsawon 7000 mita. Matukan jirgin, ya ba cire oxygen mask, da kuma damar zuwa hanyoyin sadarwa da aka dakatar. Lokacin da tashi a kan Jamus ƙasa Soviet harin da aka akai-akai samu, amma da Jamus don haka ba su iya tunanin da yiwuwar hare-haren da suke tabbatar da cewa shi ne su a jirgin sama. A kan Stettin ko da hada spotlights a gare su, da shan kau- jirgin sama na Luftwaffe. A sakamakon haka, kamar yadda da yawa kamar yadda biyar jirage iya sauke bama-bamai a kan Berlin da kuma da-lit lossless kõma zuwa ga tushe.

Golovanov aka nada kwamandan wadannan tasowa bayan da biyu ƙoƙari, wanda ya faru a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta. Yana bai kasance haka nasara. Na 10 motoci zuwa sauke bama-bamai a kan Berlin iya kawai 6, amma kawai biyu koma. Bayan haka, gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet Vodopiyanov cire daga mukaminshi a matsayin shugaban division, kuma aka maye gurbinsu da Golovanov.

A gwarzo na mu labarin ya akai-akai ya tashi a kan makiya babban birnin kasar. Jamus m a lokacin lura da cewa ya kasance daga cikin 'yan da musamman hakkin ya sirri samun Stalin. A karshen tana nufin shi ne kawai ta hanyar sunan a cikin na musamman alamar amincewa.

Tare da abubuwan da suka faru wadanda shekaru da kuma hade jirgin Stalin a Tehran taron, wanda da kaina shirya Golovanov. A hanya suka tafi a kan biyu jirage. Bayan da dabaran da biyu, capping ya Golovanov. Kuma Stalin, Voroshilov da Molotov danƙa kawo Laftanar Janar sufurin jiragen sama Viktor Grachev.

A shekarar 1944, Golovanov kiwon lafiya tsanani rincabewa. Shi ya fara ta da spasms, katsalandan a cikin zuciya, na numfashi kama. A cewar likitoci, a cikin hanyar wannan ya na yau da kullum rashin barci, wanda a zahiri ya kai ga halakar tsakiya m tsarin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin yaki da Nazi Jamus Golovanov kafa tarihi domin Soviet sojojin, tanã fita daga mukamin Laftanar Kanar to sarki iska marshal.

Fate bayan da yaki

Bayan da yaki, a shekarar 1946, Golovanov aka nada kwamandan dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama na Tarayyar Soviet. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyu da aka cire daga kan mukaminsa. Ga cewar mafiya yawan, dalilin ya kiwon lafiya, wanda ya sha wahala ƙwarai bayan da yaki.

Golovanov sauke karatu daga Academy of Gaba Staff. Amma sa'an nan ba zai iya samun koma ga sojojin. Babu wani dalili. Babu wani abu da m Alexander E. sake aika da wasika zuwa Stalin. Kuma riga a shekara ta 1952 ya umarci daya daga cikin Airborne kungiyar soja. Sai ya zama mai m yanke shawara. Kada kafin a tarihin jirgin sama kungiyar soja umarce ba marshal na reshe. Ga shi, shi ne ma m. Golovanov ko tambayi dangane da rubuta request a kan ragewan da daraja na kanar-general, amma ya ƙi.

A shekarar 1953, bayan mutuwar Iosifa Stalina, da gwarzo wannan labarin karshe aika zuwa ajiye. Bayan shekaru 5, ya zaunar a kan wani post na mataimakin shugaban a Research Institute of sufurin jiragen sama ta ga jirgin sabis. Ya yi ritaya a 1966.

A littafin na tunanin

Bayan ritaya, da gwarzo wannan labarin ya nuna kansa a matsayin marubuci, memoirist. A littafin na tunanin rubuta Golovanov Aleksandr. "Long-kewayon m" - kamar yadda shi ne ake kira. A fannoni da dama, wannan biography aka sadaukar domin sirri tarurruka da kuma sadarwa tare da Stalin. Saboda wannan, a lokacin da yake rayuwa ya fito da gagarumin cuts. Uncensored edition masu karatu sun iya ganin kawai a cikin marigayi 80s.

A shekarar 2007, latest a lokacin da bazawa na memoirs Aleksandra Golovanova. Bibliography of marubucin, ta hanyar, yana da kawai daya littafi. Amma saboda wannan ba ya zama kasa mai muhimmanci.

Golovanov kansa ya mutu a shekara ta 1974. Ya kasance a '71. The jana'izar ya faru a Novodevichy hurumi.

Personal rai

Alexander Golovanov, wanda iyali ya ko da yaushe goyon, aure a cikin matasa da 'yar wani m na farko guild. Sunanta ya Tamara. Ta kasance mai 'yan qasar na Vologda lardin. Ta tsira mijinta ta fiye da shekaru 20. Ta rasu a shekarar 1996 kadai.

Suna da 'ya'ya biyar. 'Ya'ya hudu mata - Svetlana, Tamara, Veronica da Olga, da kuma daya dan - Sviatoslav. Ya shi ne auta.