Amphoteric karafa da dũkiyõyinsu

Amphoteric karafa - ne mai sauki abubuwa wanda a tsarin, da kuma sinadaran jiki Properties kamar irin waɗanda na ƙarfe kashi kungiyar. By kansu, da karafa ba zai iya zama amphoteric Properties, da bambanci ga mahadi. Alal misali, oxides da hydroxides na wasu karafa da dual sinadaran yanayi - a wani yanayi da suka nuna hali a matsayin acid da kuma da kaddarorin wasu alkalis.

Basic amphoteric karafa - shi ne aluminum, tutiya, chromium, da na baƙin ƙarfe. Wannan rukuni na abubuwa sun hada da beryllium da strontium.

Mene ne amphoteric?

A karo na farko, wannan dukiya da aka gano a dogon lokaci da suka wuce. Kuma kalmar "amphoteric abubuwa" da aka gabatar a 1814 a kimiyya da kyau a san chemists thenar kuma L. J. Gay-Lussac. A waɗannan kwanaki, da sinadaran mahadi amfani da za a rarraba su zuwa kungiyoyin cewa hadu su na asali Properties a lokacin da dauki.

Duk da haka, kungiyar na oxides da kuma sansanonin sojin mallaka dual ikon. A karkashin wasu yanayi, irin wannan abubuwa nuna hali a matsayin Alkali sauran, a akasin haka, aiki a matsayin acid. Cewa Kalmar "amphoteric" don haka ya tashi. Domin wadannan sunadarai hali a lokacin acid-tushe dauki dogara a kan yanayin da aiwatar, da yanayin da reactants hannu kazalika da kaddarorin da sauran ƙarfi.

Abin sha'awa, a vivo amphoteric karafa iya hulɗa da biyu da Alkali kuma acid. Alal misali, a lokacin da dauki tare da aluminum sulfate acid samar aluminum sulfate. Kuma a dauki na wannan tare da wani karfi Alkali karfe hadaddun gishiri da aka kafa.

Amphoteric sansanonin da su na asali Properties

Karkashin al'ada yanayi, wannan daskararru. Sun kusan ba narke a cikin ruwa da kuma suna dauke wajen raunana Wutan.

Ainihin hanya domin samun irin sansanonin sojin - wani karfe gishiri da dauki da kananan adadin Alkali. Hazo dauki kamata a da za'ayi a hankali. Alal misali, a cikin shirye-shiryen da tutiya hydroxide a wani gwajin bututu da tutiya chloride hankali kara dropwise sodium hydroxide. Kowane lokaci ka bukatar dan kadan girgiza da ganga ganin farin karfe laka a kasa na jita-jita.

Tare acid da kuma acid oxides amphoteric abubuwa amsa matsayin tushe. Alal misali, da dauki na tutiya hydroxide tare da hydrochloric acid da aka kafa na tutiya chloride.

Amma a lokacin da halayen da kwasfansu amphoteric sansanonin nuna hali a matsayin acid.

Har ila yau, a lokacin da karfi dumama amphoteric hydroxides an bazu zuwa samar da m amphoteric oxide da ruwa.

Mafi na kowa amphoteric karafa: taƙaitaccen bayanin

Tutiya tana nufin wani rukuni na amphoteric abubuwa. Ko da yake gami da wannan abu da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a zamanin d wayewar, a cikin tsarki tsari shi za a iya gano kawai a 1746.

The m karfe ne isasshe gaggautsa abu bluish launi. A iska hanzari oxidized tutiya - dims ta surface kuma an rufe shi da wani bakin ciki fim na oxide.

A yanayi, tutiya akwai yawanci a cikin nau'i na ma'adanai - zincite, smithsonite, Calamita. Mafi fi sanin abu - wannan blende, wanda ya kunshi tutiya sulfide. The most adibas na wannan ma'adinai da ake samu a Bolivia da kuma Australia.

Aluminum ne a yau ya dauki mafi yawan karfe a duniya. Its gami da aka yi amfani da ƙarni da dama, da kuma a 1825 da abu da aka ware a tsarkake form.

Pure aluminum ne hur karfe azurfa. Ya sauƙi machined da kuma zaben 'yan wasa. Wannan kashi na high lantarki da kuma thermal watsin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙarfe shi ne resistant zuwa lalata. Gaskiyar cewa ta surface an rufe tare da wani bakin ciki amma sosai resistant oxide fim.

Don kwanan wata, aluminum ne yadu amfani a cikin masana'antar.