Anatomy: lumbar plexus da kuma rassansa

A jikin mu babu wani abu superfluous - Mother Nature ya kula da shi da kyau. Ko da yake, kamar yadda muka gani da wasu, a jikin kamar da appendix, ya na kadan darajar, kuma yana yiwuwa ya zama cikakken rai ba tare da shi. Amma tambaya yanzu shi ne ba game da cewa, da kuma game da muhimmiyar rawar da ta taka, da lumbar plexus, ko plexus lumbalis. Yana mayar da hankali wani tari na jijiya endings kafafuwa da kuma ƙananan extremities.

kumburi tafiyar matakai a cikin wannan yanki suna tare da neuralgia, wanda yake rufe ƙananan rabin na jiki. Sau da yawa a lokaci guda akwai azaba ne tukuna. Don fahimtar yadda pathological tafiyar matakai bukatar zama saba da ilimin halittàr jiki da wannan sashen.

definition

Lumbar plexus ne mai tarin dama iri jijiyoyi. A da samuwar halarci farko uku kashin baya jijiyoyi. Jera nan kuma iya hada 12 rassan thoracic da 4 reshe na kashin baya jijiya. Manyan tsoka zaruruwa ne wurin da lumbar plexus aka located. Anatomy ya shafi gano da jijiya rassan a gaban mai gangara matakai na lumbar vertebrae.

Wadannan jijiyoyi suna alhakin wasu sassa na innervation tsoka zaruruwa, ciki har da fata na peritoneum. Bugu da kari, suna hade da fata surface na waje genitalia, da tsakiya surface na tibia, da anteromedial bangare na cinya. Total a wannan sashe akwai nau'i nau'i na jijiya endings:

• iliohypogastric.
• ilioinguinal.
• femoral-jima'i;
• kaikaice.
• obturator.
• Femoral.

Ka yi la'akari da dan kadan more game da abin da suka kasance da kuma inda ƙarya. Conventionally, duk jijiyoyi za a iya raba biyu daidai kungiyoyin.

A farko uku jijiyoyi

Iliohypogastric jijiya da lumbar plexus aka kafa a kan gaban haƙarƙari 12 da kuma daya lumbar jijiya rassan. Daga su suka wuce, ta hanyar da psoas tsoka, sa'an nan ya zo cikin lamba tare da gaban farfajiya na quadratus lumborum, kasancewa haka kusa da kodan. Bugu da ari jijiya gudanar daga sama zuwa kasa, da kiyaye ta shugabanci dawo gaban. A kan hanyar zuwa iliac dagi permeates da mai gangara ciki tsokoki sa'an nan ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin shi da ciki QFontDatabase ciki tsoka zaruruwa. A ci gaba da hanyar da shi ne riga tsakanin biyu QFontDatabase tsokoki.

A zurfin inguinal zobe iliohypogastric jijiya ma ratsa cikin ciki QFontDatabase tsoka da jijiya m farantin da waje QFontDatabase tsoka. Bayan nan, shi rassan cikin cutaneous appendages ciki bango sama da pubic symphysis. Its ayyuka sun hada da innervation na mafi yawan tsokoki na ciki. Har ila yau ya gwada jijiyoyi a cikin fata a cikin hip, buttock, agara na ciki bango a sama da pubis.

Wani reshe, wanda fãra daga gaban da jijiya tushen, amma shi ne dan kadan m fiye da na baya, da ake kira ilioinguinal jijiya, kuma a hada a cikin lumbar plexus. Anatomy of maza da mata ne daban-daban. A karfi jima'i jijiya ya wuce ta inguinal canal da kuma karya a cikin kananan cutaneous rassan a kan duka saman na cinya kusa da scrotal jijiya Kwayoyin. Last alhakin innervation da fata na azzakari, da Kwalatai (Scrotum) a sashi ba. Mata suna da guda ƙarshen tsakiya m tsarin da ake dangantawa da fata a kan pubis da labia lebe.

Femoral-jima'i permeates mafi yawan psoas kuma ko da ya kasu kashi biyu rassan - da jima'i da cinya. Dabe, in ba haka ba ya kira a matsayin iri jijiya directed downward da kuma, a matsayin spermatic igiyar wuce ta inguinal canal. A namiji, shi ake dangantawa da tsoka, wanda shi ne alhakin kiwon da qwai, fata na Kwalatai (Scrotum), kazalika da fleshy harsashi da surface na fata verhnemedialnoy hip yankin. Mata lumbar plexus aka shirya daban - da jijiya da wani biyu tare da wani zagaye jijiya daga cikin mahaifa daga cikin inguinal canal sa'an nan ya aiko don fata surface na labia majora.

Na biyu reshe na femoral wannan na kowa ƙulli suna fuskantar žasa da ke gefen waje iliac jijiya nan da nan a kasa da inguinal jijiya. Kasa ta jijiya ya raba zuwa rassan cinya fata surface.

Na biyu uku jijiyoyi

Kasa aka jera duk uku jijiyoyi suna uku ya fi girma rassan. Wannan kaikaice, femoral da obturator jijiyoyi. A farko jerin aka located a gefe na inguinal jijiya. Yana iya zama a kan surface ko a ciki na da sartorius tsoka, yayin da a karkashin connective nama daina kai hare hare. A jijiya ne alhakin ji na ƙwarai daga gefe saman na gindi kadan kara trochanteric hip kashi da ya fi kusa da kaikaice surface na femur.

Ci gaba karkasa daidai da yadda da lumbar plexus aka kafa, shi ne zama dole don zuwa obturator jijiya. Ya gangara tare da psoas tsoka, mafi daidai, a ranar da baki da kuma a cikin pelvic yankin. Hada hannu da jijiyoyi, shi ya zo tare da tasoshin da femoral yankin na obturator canal, jere Intermedia adductors. A jijiya ake dangantawa da wani rukuni na adductors, gwiwa da hip gidajen abinci. Har ila yau, jijiya innervates fuskar tsakiyar ɓangare na cinya kusa da gwiwa.

Dukkan femoral reshe na lumbar plexus shi ne mafi girma. Yana fãra a kan iyakar da biyar vertebra kugu a cikin wannan sunan tsoka zaruruwa. Za tare da kaikaice gefen tsoka, da jijiya ne a kasa tsakanin sauran biyu tsoka kungiyoyin: da lumbar da iliac, za a karkashin karshe harsashi.

Akuma karkashin inguinal jijiya, lumbar plexus jijiyoyi ya kasu kashi da yawa rassan cewa suna hade da fata da kuma tsokoki na gaba na hip, gwiwa da hip gidajen abinci.

ɓangare na dukan

Lumbar jijiya endings wani bangare ne na wani tsarin da ake kira "lumbar-sacral plexus." Da rassan da lumbar, sacral, kuma coccygeal sassan, interwoven da juna ta samar da biyu na farko plexus: lumbar da sacral. Tun da farko lokaci ne yanzu bayyanannu, shi za a iya canjawa wuri zuwa wani definition.

A forming da sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) daukan ɓangare na gaban reshe, wanda gudanar daga hudu da na biyar lumbar da farko zuwa na uku reshe sacral kashin baya jijiya endings. A bukatarsa lumbar plexus aka located in ƙashin ƙugu kai tsaye zuwa connective nama daina kai hare hare piriformis. An wakilci a cikin nau'i na wani lokacin farin ciki farantin triangular siffar, koli na wanda fuskõkinku a wajensa Subpiriforme tsaguwa.

A tushe na alwatika ne game da pelvic takware. A lokaci guda wasu daga cikin plexus aka located a gaban sacrum, da sauran - a gaban piriformis. A duk bangarorin da shi ne kewaye da sako-sako da connective nama. Kamar yadda a cikin lumbar yankin, akwai kuma gabatar da wani sa na jijiya endings cewa na iya zama duka takaice da kuma dogon.

Short sacral jijiyoyi

Short reshe jijiyoyi wakiltar wadannan:

• gluteal (manya da ƙananan).
• jima'i.
• ciki obturator.
• pear-dimbin yawa.
• jijiya square cinya tsoka.

Gluteal jijiyoyi lumbosacral plexus kasu kashi babba da ƙananan. Origin steamed da gluteal jijiya kofofi da pelvic rami ta hanyar wani bude nadgrushevidnoe. A jijiya ake dangantawa da kananan da kuma matsakaici gluteal tsokoki da kuma zaruruwa da alaka da fascia lata. Lower jijiya tare da jijiya da barin pelvic Subpiriforme ta rami da kuma haɗa ta gluteus maximus tsoka. Amma baya ga cewa shi ne alaka da kwantena na hip hadin gwiwa.

Ta hanyar wannan rami Subpiriforme pelvic rami ya fita daga pudendal jijiya, da mayar da gefe bypasses da ischium da ke mike zuwa ischiorectal fossa. Ga shi an rabu cikin ƙananan rectal da perineal rassan. Bugu da ƙari, na farko ɗaure, tare da wani waje sphincter na dubura da kuma na tsuliya fata yankin. Duk da yake cikin karshen ke da alhakin innervation na tsokoki da kuma fata na perineum da Kwalatai (Scrotum) na namiji jiki. Dan kadan daban shirya mace lumbosacral plexus. Anatomy halin a cewa perineal reshe hade da labia majora.

Long sacral jijiyoyi

Long reshe ya hada da:

• na baya cutaneous jijiya.
• sciatic jijiya.

Na baya cutaneous jijiya ƙarewa bar ƙashin ƙugu da Subpiriforme rami, saukar kusa da sciatic jijiya. Na baya femoral cutaneous jijiya kusa da ƙananan gefen gluteus maximus ne zuwa kashi ƙananan gluteal da perineal jijiya rassan. Ƙananan reshe innervates ƙananan buttock fata surface.

Na baya cutaneous femoral reshe ya wuce ta tsagi Intermedia semitendinosus da biceps femoral tsoka. Its reshe Alhlulbaiti fascia lata da kuma kasu kashi karami daga cikin ciki na cinya, kai popliteal fossa.

Sciatic jijiya ƙarewa, wani ɓangare na sacral da lumbar plexus, shi ne mafi girma reshe na jikin mutum da kuma cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Ta hanyar ramuka Subpiriforme jijiya kofofi da kafafuwa, tare da sauran jijiyoyi (ƙananan buttock, jima'i, na baya femoral cutaneous) da kuma sciatic jijiya, directed zuwa ƙasa. Wajen a layi tare da wani lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa ciki da cewa a baya da gwiwa, shi ne zuwa kashi biyu rassan: da tibia da fibula overall.

tibial reshe

An directed tsaye downward wajen soleus golenopodkolennogo tashar. Cikin dukanin ta tsawon jijiya ya raba zuwa yawa rassan. Wasu daga cikin su ne ya dace ga uku-gangarawa maraƙi tsoka, da sauran nufi ga dogon flexor tsoka zaruruwa yatsunsu da babban kafana. Akwai wadanda cewa suna da alaka da kasa da kuma cinya tsokoki.

A mafi m karshen kunshe a cikin sacral da lumbar plexus, da alaka da kwantena na gwiwa hadin gwiwa, interosseous membrane na ƙananan kafa, idon, shin kashi. The most reshe na tibial reshe m ne da tsakiya cutaneous jijiya na caviar. Yana shũɗewa daga abin da reshe, kuma ya aiko karkashin fata surface kuma kõre da mai walƙiya da caviar cutaneous jijiya, wanda a nuna zo daga kowa peroneal jijiya.

A sakamakon hadakar da biyu tashoshi ne da samuwar da sural jijiya. Ya farko da aka gudanar a gefen idon sa'an nan gudanar tare da kaikaice gefe na kafar. A wannan lokaci da ya riga ya kira a kaikaice dorsal cutaneous jijiya da alhakin innervation da fata a wadannan yankunan.

Total peroneal reshe

Shi da ke kadan kashe wuyansa na fibula a wurin da popliteal fossa. Ci gaba da lumbar plexus da kuma rassansa, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a wannan lokaci na ƙarshe ya kasu kashi biyu main rassan:

• na waje.
• zurfi.

Surface jijiya zuwa ƙasa. Shi ne ke da alhakin innervation na gajeren da kuma dogon peroneal tsokoki. Bayan barin wannan tashar, jijiya da ke zuwa ga raya gefe na kafar, inda shi ya raba zuwa da tsakiya da kuma matsakaici raya fata ƙulli.

Da tsakiya jijiya kayayyaki m fata baya gefe na kafar kusa ta gefe gefe, da kuma mayar da gefe na fata 2 da kuma 3 daga cikin yatsunsu. Domin cutaneous innervation raya gefe saman 3, 4 da kuma 5 yayi dace da matsakaiciyar yatsunsu cutaneous jijiya ƙarewa.

Deep jijiya shiga gaban bude intermuscular septum tibia da kuma tare da homonymous jijiya rushes sauka. jijiya ya raba a matakin ƙananan kafa domin 'yan endings cewa connect da tibialis agara tsoka da kuma dogon tsokoki na yatsun kafa. Aƙalla a iyaka da farko aiki intertarsal rata rearmost jijiya yana da biyu rassan cewa innervate fata surface yatsa 1 da 2.

pathological yanayi

Daya daga cikin na kowa ailments aka ci lumbosacral plexus, wanda ake dangantawa da pinching ko ƙeta na sciatic jijiya. A wannan yanayin, da most jijiya an matsa, haddasa kafa na karfi zafi. Kusan ko da yaushe Pathology ya auku ne kawai a gefe daya, da kuma da wuya ya auku a cikin biyu mai gefe form. Namiji rabin yawan mutãne wanda wajibi ne nasaba da wani nauyi jiki aiki, shi ne a cikin babban hadarin yankin.

A magani, cutar da ake kira a matsayin sciatica, a lokacin da ganewar asali iya classified a matsayin sciatica , ko sciatica. Wannan sunan ya zo daga kalmar Helenanci «ishia», wanda yake nufin "wurin zama." A sciatic jijiya a Latin ake kira don haka - nervus ishiadicus.

symptomatology

Babban alama da nuna kayar da lumbar plexus ne karfi zafi gindi da kuma kafafu, wanda zai iya faruwa a daban-daban manifestations. Sau da yawa, a lokacin da wannan ciwo ne da karfi da cewa mutum ya rasa sani. A wasu lokuta, da zafi za a iya kona, daba ko yankan yanayi. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu bayyanar cututtuka:

• A mike matsayi ne ba zai yiwu a dogara a kan ji rauni kafa da kuma kwance yi duba ga wani wuri dadi.
• Pain zo da mafi yawa a dare, musamman bayan aiki a cikin sanyi weather.
• A wasu lokuta, da Pathology da aka fara gani a kan na baya gefe na cinya, sa'an nan ya zo da kafa da kafa.
• Idan ka dogon zama a cikin wannan wuri, yanã (kwance, a zaune), da zafi ƙaruwa, shi ne kuma a fili take a dogon tafiya.
• Sneezing, tari, dariya, ma, tsokane zafi.
• A kan samun da ya dace shirye-shirye, ko kuma bayan rage saura zafi hare-haren wuce zuwa loin.

Sau da yawa pinched kashin baya lumbosacral plexus ba tafi a banza, kuma zai iya kai ga Gait tashin hankali da kuma haifar da sweating na ƙafafunsa. Zaka kuma iya jin wani tingling ko kona abin mamaki daga cikin kafar da kuma ƙananan kafa. Sau da yawa a lokaci guda saboda rashin lafiya gwiwa ne kusan ba zai yiwu a lanƙwasa. A wannan za a iya ce game da yatsun kafa kuma ƙafãfunsu, wanda ba ya juya.

bincikowa da

Ƙayyade da lalacewar da sciatic jijiya zai taimaka share asibiti hoto, wanda ya bayyana a haƙuri a wata liyafar a likita. Duk wani gwani zai lura da canza yanayin agara reflexes, da kuma ji na ƙwarai a gefe wacce haƙuri kukan. Wani lokaci, da binciken farko ba da damar da wani cikakken ganewar asali da cutar ya haifar. A wannan yanayin, ƙarin karatu da ake bukata, daga cikinsu:

• X-haskoki.
• lissafta tomography.
• MRI.
• duban dan tayi.
• radioisotope scan na kashin baya.

Saboda CT, wanda yake shi ne mafi cikakken X-ray hanya, ko da qananan canje-canje a cikin kashin baya za a iya gano.

Amma a wasu lokuta, a lokacin da wannan binciken ne contraindicated, likita ya furta MRI na lumbosacral plexus.

magani

Mu rabu da Pathology koma ga daya daga biyu jiyya - ra'ayin mazan jiya, ko kungiyar. Amma ko da yaushe fara da farko hanya, wanda ya hada da wani kewayon daban-daban events. A m sciatica shawarar gado sauran a kan wani m katifa tare da m jiki aiki da kuma rage cin abinci. Kana bukatar ka yi amfani da dumi, ba yaji, ba kyafaffen kuma ba gasashen, mafi yawa ruwa abinci (nama da kayan lambu soups da kuma madara porridge).

Drug magani ya shafi gwamnatin kwayoyi, wajabta ta halartar likita. Da zaran zafi fara ja da baya, ta nuna physiotherapy. All darussan an zabi dangane da yanayin da cutar.