Babban rundunar zazzabin cizon sauro m. Rayuwa sake zagayowar, tsari da haifuwa na m

Duk da ci gaban da magani, daya daga cikin na kowa cututtuka a cikin zamani rana ne da zazzabin cizon sauro. Ko da yake yanzu akwai shirye-shirye domin ta yi nasara magani, amma ta daukan rayukan kusan mutane miliyan biyu a kowace shekara. Zazzabin cizon sauro nasa ne a protozoan cuta da aka sa ta a kananan m - Plasmodium zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya na da wani hadadden rai sake zagayowar, kuma shi ne kawai zai iya zama a jikin m. Saboda haka, za ka iya samun kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar da cizo na sauro. Wannan shi ne babban mai gida na zazzabin cizon sauro m. Wani mutum ne da tsaka-tsaki mai gida.

Mene ne Plasmodium falciparum

Pathogen Cuta - a unicellular kwayoyin. A nasa ne da Subkingdom protozoa, parasites tawagar. Kawai hudu iri da babbar dama daga wadannan kwayoyin ne parasitic a cikin jikin mutum da kuma yi wa zazzabin cizon sauro. Wannan m Dates baya ga suborder jini Sporozoa kamar yadda na ninka a cikin jini Kwayoyin, Ciyarwar a haemoglobin kuma yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar jini. Musamman sauki a cewa sun kunshi na sel guda, amma aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta. Wane ne Plasmodium falciparum? A tsarin shi ne kamar irin waɗanda na al'ada Kwayoyin, amma kawai kadan mafi rikitarwa, tun yana daukan wuri a cikin shakka daga ransa, saukarwa. Wannan kwayoyin ne ba kawai ya raba, amma kuma canza siffar, ke tsirarwa, kuma ya mayar da jima'i da kuma asexually.

Daban da kuma tsarin da parasites

Kawai hudu jinsunan da zazzabin cizon sauro parasites sa cuta a cikin mutane. sifa da rai sake zagayowar daga cikin guda, kawai da bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin da cutar manifestations. Haka kuma, an kira su:

- da causative wakili na zazzabin cizon sauro tropica.

- da causative wakili na falciparum malaria.

- hudu ranar zazzabin cizon sauro pathogen.

- M-zazzabin cizon sauro pathogen.

Wane ne Plasmodium falciparum? A tsarin wannan gabar ne daban-daban a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba. Ingested a cikin nau'i na Plasmodium sporozoida - vermiform lafiya celled kwayoyin tsawon kawai 5.8 microns. Bayan gabatarwar da ja da maikacin jini, yana daukan cikin hanyar wani amoeba, tsiro, kuma ya halaka ja jini Kwayoyin. Akwai iya zama wani m, a cikin hanyar jima'i gametocytes Kwayoyin, kuma a cikin sauro, su ci a cikin sporocysts.

A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na Plasmodium falciparum

Yana da wani hadadden tsari. A lokacin juyin halitta daga cikin m ya saba da rayuwa ne kawai a jikin wasu kwayoyin da zabi biyu Runduna: mutumin da sauro. Saboda haka kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro ya auku, yafi ta hanyar wani kwari da cizo ko kai tsaye ta hanyar da jini. An yi imani da cewa tabbatacce rundunar zazzabin cizon sauro m ne mutum. Bayan duk, ya yi bayyanar cututtuka da cutar bayyana kansu, kuma ba ma lura da sauro da cewa shi ne m. Amma a gaskiya shi ne, a cikin kwari jiki ne jima'i haifuwa na m. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa, mutane - shi ne tsaka-tsaki mai gida na zazzabin cizon sauro m. Mene ne rayuwa sake zagayowar wuce wani m?

1. Lokacin da tsotsa gurbata jini a cikin sauro shigar da m jam sel plasmodium. Wannan inda su ne hadu kuma tun a haɗe zuwa ciki na sauro, za a fara raba. Total sporozoidov m iya isa daruruwan dubbai, a mafi yawan su located in salivary gland da sauro. Saboda haka wani kwari - shi ne babban mai gida na zazzabin cizon sauro m.

2. Idan sauro cizo sporozoidy samun a cikin jinin mutum. Akwai, da m ke ta biyu bulan na ci gaba. Yana da aka raba a cikin hanta, forming merozoites, sa'an nan ya shiga cikin ja da maikacin jini, inda shi shigarsu sake yiwuwar tohowarsu.

Babban rundunar zazzabin cizon sauro m

A m da cuta ne da mace sauro na daya jinsin - zaune a wani zafi sauyin yanayi. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa cigaban Plasmodium falciparum yiwu ne kawai a zazzabi sama 16 digiri. Kuma mafi aiki, wannan tsari ne a 25-28 digiri. Makale a jikin sauro jam sel plasmodium za a iya hadu ne kawai a can. Tuni bayan 10-15 minti, a zygote aka kafa wadda aka tuba zuwa prikreplyaetya sporocysts da gina garu na kwari ciki. Akwai ta fara raba. A daya sporocyst kafa dama dubu sporozoidov. A hadu da irin wannan Kwayoyin a cikin sauro na iya zama wata babbar adadin. Saboda haka, yawan sporozoidov iya isa daruruwan dubbai. Suna rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki na sauro, tara a cikin salivary gland. Daidai sporozoidy Plasmodium falciparum shiga cikin jinin mutum.

A rayuwa da m a cikin jikin mutum

By da cizo na sauro cewa daukawa kananan kwayoyin Plasmodium falciparum shiga cikin mutum jini. The m, a cikin jiki ya wuce ta biyu bulan na ci gaba: masana'anta da cushe ja jini Kwayoyin. A lokacin da mataki na biyu na Plasmodium kuma Yanã shigar da bayyanar cututtuka na zazzabin cizon sauro.

1. A lokaci na farko da aka kira nama schizogony. Iya shiga a cikin hanta Kwayoyin sporozoid fara raba, forming up to 50 tysyach merozoites. Da suke shiga cikin jini iya shiga cikin ja jini Kwayoyin. Wannan mataki ya haddasa wani bayyanar cututtuka da kuma yana daga 5 zuwa 16 days. A wasu lokuta, kamar lokacin kamuwa da cuta trednevnoy Plasmodium zazzabin cizon sauro, kashi sporozoidov kasance dormant a cikin hanta, haifar da wani koma dawowan cutar a cikin watanni shida na cutar.

2. Lokacin da Plasmodium zo daga hanta cikin jini, shi shiga cikin ja da maikacin jini, da kuma yana farawa da wani cyclical aiwatar da erythrocyte schizogony. Cin haemoglobin, merozoites ci gaba da raba ta samar da sabon Kwayoyin: asexual da kuma jima'i schizonts - gametocytes. Tanã darkake da ja jini cell, suka tafi zuwa cikin jini jini. A wannan lokacin da wani mutum zai fara wani hari da zazzaɓi. Lokacin da gametocytes aka kafa, shi ya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta, da kuma cizo na sauro Plasmodium shiga jiki na wani kwari, da kuma fara inda jima'i haifuwa a mutum jini.

A ci gaba da m in mutum jini

Me ya sa yake haka m ga mutum da zazzabin cizon sauro parasites? Sake bugun shi to mutum jini take kaiwa zuwa ga halakar ja jini Kwayoyin. Wadannan jini Kwayoyin da m shigarsu jerin canje-canje: da merozoites fasalin cikin trofozoida mataki da cewa Ciyarwar a haemoglobin da aka girma cikin sauri, sa'an nan schizonts suna kafa. Su haifa asexually da kuma halakar da ja jini cell. A wannan yanayin, da jini shiga waje gina jiki, da potassium gishiri ragowar halakar da maikacin jini da kuma metabolism na m abubuwa kayayyakin. Bugu da ƙari kuma zazzabi kai hare-hare, wannan tsari yana sa wani hargitsi na hanta da saifa, sakamakon yaduwa na connective nama a gare su. Lalacewar ja jini Kwayoyin da dalili anemia. Sau da yawa ne a cikin kwakwalwa ya shafa, abin da ke faruwa saboda da karuwa a capillary permeability.

zazzabin cizon sauro Features

Wannan cutar da ake kira "fadama zazzabi" da aka sani tun lokacin da. Yana da aka rarraba a duk wurare masu zafi kasashen. Kawai a cikin 17th karni fara samu nasarar yi wa cutar ta amfani da haushi na cinchona itace. Kuma a karshen karni na 19th aka gano da zazzabin cizon sauro m. Shi ne kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th, da rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na zazzabin cizon sauro m an yi karatu a daki-daki, halitta inganci da kwayoyi ga zalunta da cutar. Duk da wannan, har yanzu a cikin zafi kasashen lafiya tare da zazzabin cizon sauro a kowace shekara fiye da 300 mutane miliyan. Game da miliyan biyu lokuta ƙare a cikin mutuwa. Wannan cutar halin matakai huɗu:

- A shiryawa zamani a cikinsa akwai wani rauni, ciwon kai.

- The mataki na biyu, feverish. Ya fara da rawan jiki. A wannan lokaci, da bugun jini rãyar, da matsa lamba ƙaruwa, da kuma haƙuri ba zai iya samun dumi. Bayan 1-3 hours da zafin jiki ne ƙwarai ya karu - har zuwa 41 digiri, ya lura delirium, seizures da kuma ciwon kai. Bayan da cewa, da zazzabi saukad da, tare da nauyi sweating.

- Bayan 10-12 hare-haren da kamuwa da cuta mutu fitar da akwai wani sakandare latent lokaci.

- Idan magani ba daidai ba ne, sa'an nan, bayan 'yan watanni da wani komawa da cutar. Yana iya faruwa a cikin yanayin kamuwa da cuta ta daya da irin plasmodium da cewa yana sa da zazzabin cizon sauro tropica. Part sporozoidov wannan m ya zauna a cikin mutum hanta a wani dormant jihar.

Mene ne hadarin cutar

Bugu da kari ga maimaituwa lokaci na zazzabi, zazzabin cizon sauro a take duk tsarin da kuma gabobin. Iya samar da tsokar dystrophy, neuritis, migraine, nephritis, thrombocytopenia da anemia. Karfi da rinjayar da hanta da kuma kodan. A wasu lokuta, da cutar ne na kullum, kuma da wuya mu bi. Musamman mai saukin kamuwa zuwa kamuwa da cuta da yara - da mace-mace kudi daga gare su akwai high. Har yanzu, cutar ne sosai na kowa a Afirka, Australia, South America, a kan tekun na Red Sea da kuma Rum, ta Kudu-East Asia da kuma India.

Magani da kuma rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro

Ko da a cikin yau jama'a ba zai iya jimre wannan cuta. Bayan duk, babban mai na Plasmodium falciparum - cizon sauro. A wurare masu zafi kasashen, musamman a cikin gumi canjin yanayin da, wadannan kwari sosai. Saboda haka, mafi muhimmanci a cikin rigakafin cutar - su kare kansu daga cizon kwari. Za ka iya amfani da gidan sauro ko repellents. Don bi da cutar idan kamu yanzu ta amfani da mai yawa da kwayoyi :. "Hlorozin" Mefloquine, "" Primaquine "," Akrikhin "da aka sani tun cikin karni na 19th" Quinine "Su ba kawai da sauri cropped cututtuka fara kai farmaki, amma kuma gaba daya hallaka m. mutanen da suke rayuwa a wurare masu zafi yankunan da sun sha wahala da rashin lafiya, saya rigakafi da pathogen jinsunan, amma zai iya zama yan dako na kamuwa da cuta. kuma wadanda suka je don zuwa wadannan kasashe, shi ne shawarar zuwa kullum dauki anti-zazzabin cizon sauro kwayoyi.