Aplastic anemia: cututtuka. Ganewar asali da kuma lura da aplastic anemia

A zamanin yau akwai da yawa iri-iri na cututtuka da cewa suna da nasaba kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini. Daya daga wadannan shine aplastic anemia. A bayyanar cututtuka na wannan cuta bayyana ba a lokaci daya. Shin yana yiwuwa a warkar da cutar? Mene ne m matakan? Shi ke nan game da shi, kuma shi zai tafi a cikin wannan labarin.

Overview

Aplastic anemia ne wata cuta daga cikin hematopoietic tsarin, inda akwai mai kaifi karu a yawan da maikacin jini, amma babu overt ãyõyin ciwon daji. A cewar masana, wannan Pathology ne rare. Iya cutar da maza da m jima'i, yawanci bayan shekaru 50. Lokacin da ya bar untreated aplastic anemia ne sau da yawa m.

sunadaran da cuta ci gaba

An sani cewa samuwar jini ne da za'ayi ta musamman kungiyar na sel, wato hematopoietic kara Kwayoyin. Bã su da ikon radiyo da kuma bambance a cikin wani iri-iri na sprouts hematopoiesis. Shi ne saboda karshe kafa balagagge sel (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, da dai sauransu). Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da yawan waje ko ciki dalilai, wadannan bi da bi cigaban cuta sunadaran:

• hankali ragewa adadin hematopoietic kara Kwayoyin.
• gaji da damuwa da primary aiki na kara Kwayoyin cewa ya kunsa da rashin yiwuwar samuwar erythrocytes, thrombocytes da leukocytes.

Kaye kara cell a cikin wannan hali ya tabbatar da tasiri na bargo dasawa daga m tagwaye ko wa / 'yar'uwarsu. Ta haka ne yake bi da aplastic anemia a yara da kuma manya. Duk da haka, dasawa ba tasiri daga m twin a yayin da za a tura ma bai sami pre-hanya na kwayoyi zuwa kashe tsarin na rigakafi. Wannan hujja ne mafi sau da yawa ya tabbatar da rigakafi da yanayin da cutar.

Babban dalilai

Abin baƙin ciki, etiological dalilai da cutar ba su san har karshen. Masana sun yi imani da cewa dalilin iya zama:

• yau da kullum da lambobi tare da wasu kungiyoyin da sinadarai.
• barasa zagi.
• kwayoyin predisposition.
• ionizing radiation;
• maye kwayoyi.
• wasu cututtuka.

Idan masana ba zai iya tsayar da kai tsaye link tare da dalilai da aka ambata a sama, da cutar da ake kira idiopathic aplastic anemia.

cututtuka

• Kodadde fata, bruising.
• Shortness na numfashi.
• Karuwan yanayin jiki.
• Wani rauni, gajiya, juwa.
• Tachycardia.
• Ulcerative stomatitis.
• Hanci ko gingival zub da jini.
• Asarar ci, kwatsam nauyi asara.

Wannan ba duk da na asibiti ãyõyi kamar yadda na iya bayyana aplastic anemia. A bayyanar cututtuka lalle ne, haƙĩƙa ya bambanta a kowane hali. Haka kuma, sau da yawa suka kama wasu cututtuka na hematopoietic tsarin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci da sauri kanemi da hankali da kuma mika wuya duk dole gwaje-gwaje. Akwai wasu dokoki na jini ga kowane jima'i da shekaru. Idan, misali, Biochemistry Manuniya zai zama da ɗan daban-daban, likita ya riga ya rubũta mafi cikakken jarrabawa, sa'an nan ya dace da magani.

siffar

Kwararru yanaye rarraba da cutar asalin cikin iri biyu:

1.Vrozhdennaya aplastic anemia ne:

• hereditary (asarar jini samuwar kuma nakasar anomalies) Fanconi anemia.
• hereditary (asarar hematopoiesis ba tare da nakasar anomalies a cikin ci gaban) anemia Oestrich-Dameshek.
• m ja cell aplasia (rage ja jini cell count).

2.Priobretennye aplastic anemia ne:

• tare da duka rauni na hematopoiesis.
• tare da za ~ e, shan kashi na erythropoiesis.

Bugu da kari, cutar da ake classified bisa ga tsananin:

• Non-tsanani aplastic anemia. A jini gwajin ya nuna high matakan da wasu yayan, amma bai isa a kwatanta da na kullum.
• Mai tsananin aplastic anemia. Underreporting na platelets da granulocytes ritikulotsitov.

Abin da ke bambanta hemorrhagic anemia?

Wannan shi ne wani fairly na kowa irin anemia, wanda ya auku saboda tsananin jini asara, abu zuwa kaifi karu a haemoglobin a cikin jini, ci gaban da ake kira jijiyoyin bugun gini insufficiency da oxygen yunwa. Ga al'ada adult mutum hadari ya taso ne a cikin hali na jini da asarar ya wuce girma na 500 ml.

Wannan Pathology yakan auku a lokacin da wani ectopic ciki, jini ko cutar hanta, mai tsanani jini da asarar bayan rauni ko tiyata.

Abin lura shi ne cewa haƙuri iya zama a cikin 'yan kwanaki ba zargin da wanzuwar wannan matsala. Furta bayyanar cututtuka bayyana kwanaki 2-3 bayan da jini hasãra. Idan haƙuri ba zai sami gwani kula, sosai high yiwuwar mutuwa.

Wata matsala kamar anemia, hemorrhagic daman a. A likita dole ne farko kawar da babban tushen jini da asarar da transfussion yi colloidal mafita.

bincikowa da

Mafi sau da yawa da ake zargi da cutar auku bayan na gaba bayarwa na ƙididdiga preventively. A anemia, rage ja jini Kwayoyin a cikin jini, farin jini Kwayoyin da haemoglobin fihirisa da kuma ESR matakan da cika fuska karu. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa mataki na raguwa a ciki na daban-daban aka gyara su iya bambanta a kowane mutum hali.

Don tabbatar da cuta aplastic anemia, mai jini gwajin ne ba da tafin kafa Hanyar ganewar asali. A likita yawanci sanya wani karin cikakken jarrabawa na haƙuri, wanda ya hada da:

• jiki jarrabawa (tabbatar da dalilin da launi na fata, jini, gaban hemorrhage, da dai sauransu ...).
• fitsari analysis (gaban da jini ne dauke da wata ãyã daga wani hemorrhagic ciwo, da kuma gaban kwayoyin - wani buɗi na dauke da kwayar cutar yanayin rikitarwa).
• jini sunadarai (cholesterol, glucose, uric acid);
• kammala likita tarihi (ko akwai miyagun halaye, ko akwai wani kullum cutar, ko da daukan hotuna zuwa mai guba abubuwa).
• jini bincike.
• nazarin bargo huda nufin;
• electrocardiography.

Abin da ya kamata a bi?

Da farko ya kamata a lura da cewa kawai m m iya taimaka marasa lafiya da yaki da cututtuka kamar aplastic anemia. Alamun wannan cuta a farkon matakai kamata faɗakar da kowa da kowa. Haka kuma, a lokacin da wani primary na asibiti ãyõyi da muhimmanci a nan da nan kanemi da hankali ga nassi na cikakken jarrabawa.

Modern magani yayi uku zaɓuɓɓuka saboda far. Kasa ne a look at kowane a more daki-daki.

1. Causative magani bada shawarar a cikin al'amarin da aka sani ga sa anemia. A wannan halin da ake ciki, babban burin da far ne don kaitsaye mataki a kan sa factor, amma shi ne sau da yawa m. Marasa lafiya rika kawar da tushen cutar (kau zone radiation, sakewa da wasu magunguna, da dai sauransu .. D.). Irin matakan kawai rage kudi na mutuwa na bargo, amma ba mayar da jini al'ada.
2. Pathogenic magani yakan haifar da wani ci gaban kawar da cutar sunadaran. Domin wadannan dalilai, yi amfani da immunosuppressive far ( "Cyclophosphamide" kwayoyi, "Cyclosporin"). A wasu lokuta, da yin amfani da wadannan kwayoyi za su iya cikakken mayar hematopoietic aiki. Haka kuma an yi amfani da magani na corticosteroids da anabolic steroids. Wadannan magunguna kamata ba kawai ta da samar da fari da maikacin jini, amma kuma inganta gina jiki kira. A tsanani nau'i na cuta, likitoci bayar da shawarar a bargo dashi. Operation yadda ya dace shi ne mafi girma ga matasa marasa lafiya. Aplastic anemia a yara da aka bi ta hanyar dasawa.
3. Symptomatic far da ake amfani da su wajen magance musamman manifestations da cutar. Yana hada asali transfussion na jini aka gyara, kwayoyin (magunguna "Fluconazole", "Norfloxacin") da kuma tsari antifungal far.

Matsalolin da kuma sakamakon

• M coma. Saboda m karu a ja jini Kwayoyin zuwa kwakwalwa a kusan babu oxygen da aka kawota, kamar yadda wani sakamako, mutumin da ya rasa sani kuma bai karɓa wa waje samuwar kasashe.
• Kamuwa da cuta.
• Hemorrhagic rikitarwa (na jini). Mummunan matsala - wadda ake kira hemorrhagic bugun jini, a lokacin da bangaren kwakwalwa mutu saboda ciki ga jininsa.
• Tabarbarewar wasu daga cikin kayan ciki (mafi sau da yawa yakan faru a gaban kullum cututtuka).

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama dama exceptionally m magani taimaka wajen shawo kan wannan Pathology kamar yadda aplastic anemia. Hasashen mafi yawa m, amma kawai tare da dace magani ga likita. A cewar samuwa statistics, ba tare da ya dace magani game da 90% da marasa lafiya mutu a cikin shekara guda.

A mafi inganci jiyya ga bargo dasawa da aka gane. Alal misali, 9 daga 10 marasa lafiya bayan tiyata rayuwa fiye da shekaru biyar.

A rashin yiwuwar m baki (miyagun ƙwayoyi far) fiye da shekaru biyar iya kawai live rabi daga cikin marasa lafiya, kuma har zuwa shekaru 40.

rigakafin

Primary rigakafin nufi da wani mataki a hana illa a kan daban-daban waje dalilai. Muna magana ne game mutunta asali tsaro dabaru a hulda da kafofin na ionizing radiation, dyes. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne muhimmin don sarrafa magani da kuma sashi.

Secondary rigakafin (rigakafin tabarbarewar da riga rashin lafiya mutum) yakan haifar da wani dispensary kallo, kazalika da dogon lokaci ana gyara magani.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura da cewa kada ka kasance ji tsoro irin wannan ganewar asali, kamar yadda aplastic anemia. Hotuna da lafiya mutanen da suka yi da wannan cuta, ta tabbatar da cewa za ka iya magance matsalar. A wannan yanayin, musamman rawar da nasa ne da timeliness na neman gwani kula da tsananin riko ga dukkan shawarwari daga likitoci. Zauna lafiya!