Aquifer sararin sama. Zurfin aquifer

Aquifer ko sararin sama suna da yawa layers na kankara da cewa yana da high water permeability. Haransu, ƙuƙuka ko wasu hanyoyi suna cika da ruwa.

Sanin gaba ɗaya

Yawancin samfurori na iya samar da wata tayi idan suna haɗuwa da su. Amfani ga samar da ruwa a cikin kurmi, ban ruwa na gandun daji Nurseries a tattalin arziki da aiki. Lokacin da suka shiga filin, zasu iya zama tushen maɓuɓɓukan ruwa na ƙasa. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen samar da lowland da sauye-sauye.

Ruwan ruwa mai lalacewa

Aquifer yana da alamar tsabtace ruwa. Ruwan ruwa yana iya dogara da girman da adadin damuwa, pores, da kuma rarraba dutse na dutse. A zurfin na aquifer za a iya bambanta daga 4.2 m ( "perched") da kuma har zuwa 30-50 m (artesian ruwa).

Dutsen kirki mai kyau yana hada da:

• Girma;
• Pebbles;
• Sands mai yalwace;
• Fractured da kuma intensely rock.

Hanyar ruwa

Dalili na motsi na ruwa a cikin pores na iya zama da yawa:

• Ƙarfin nauyi;
• Shugaban hydraulic;
• Ƙungiyar Capillary;
• Capillary-osmotic sojojin;
• Adsorption sojojin;
• Fitirawar yanayin zafi.

Dangane da tsarin ilimin geological, duwatsu na bakin teku zasu iya zama tsatsotsi a cikin tsari na filtration, watau, ruwa a cikin kowace hanya daidai ne. Rumbun na iya zama maƙasudin ciki, a cikin wannan hali ana nuna su ta hanyar canza canji a cikin ruwa a cikin dukkan wurare.

Abinda ke faruwa a cikin yankin Moscow

A dukan yankunan yankin Moscow ne zurfin ruwan teku ba daidai ba ne, sabili da haka, don sauƙin karatun, an raba shi zuwa yankuna masu ruwa. Akwai alamu masu yawa:

• Kudancin yankin. The ruwa matakin na iya zama a cikin kewayon 10-70 m. A zurfin rijiyoyin a cikin wannan yanki jeri daga 40 m zuwa 120 m.
• Kudu maso yammacin yankin. A sarari na ruwa ba yawan. Ramin zurfin zurfin rijiyoyin yana da m 50 m.
• Babban gundumar. Wannan ita ce mafi girma a yankin. Ya, bi da bi, an raba shi zuwa Big da Ƙananan. Matsakancin matsakaicin yanayi yana da mita 30. Ruwa a nan sune carbonate, carbonate-sulfate.
• Gundumar gabas. Abinda ke faruwa a cikin tudu a cikin wannan yanki yana da mita 20-50. Ruwa yana da yawa sosai, saboda haka basu dace da ruwa ba.
• Klin-Dmitrov gundumar. Ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na manyan carbonate: Gzhel da Kasimov.
• Gundumar Privolzhsky. Girman zurfin zurfin da ke cikin tudu yana da mita 25.

Wannan cikakken bayani ne game da yankunan. A cikakken nazari na aquifers, bi da kayan shafa ruwa Layer, da iko, da takamaiman kwarara kudi, da precipitate yawa da kuma kama. D.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa hydrogeology na yankin Moscow ya gano wani ƙwayar siffa, wanda aka rarraba zuwa hanyoyi da yawa na ajiyar kwalejin Paleozoic:

• Podolsko-Ballakovskaya Layer na tsakiya Carboniferous;
• Serpukhov aquifer da kuma Oka na ciwon ƙananan Carboniferous;
• Kashira aquifer na matsakaici carbon;
• Kasimov Layer na babba carbon;
• Gzhel aquifer na Upper Carboniferous.

Wasu samfurori suna da ƙananan ruwa da sassaukarwa, saboda haka basu dace da ayyukan tattalin arziki na bil'adama ba.

Aikin takalmin samfurori na Serpukhov da Oka na Lower Carboniferous yana da matsakaicin matsanancin zumunci da sauran ƙaddara - 60-70 mita.

Aquifer na Moscow-Podolsky zai kai kimanin mita 45 a cikin zurfinta, matsakaicin kauri shine mita 25.

Yadda za a ƙayyade zurfin aquifer

Aquifer Sandy - sunan yana da kwakwalwa, tun da yake wannan sararin sama zai iya kunshi ƙanƙara, da yashi da yashi. Aquifers Sandy da daban-daban matakan, zurfin su kuma bambanta.

Idan muka yi la'akari da ilimin hydrogeology na yankin Moscow da kuma yankunan da ke kusa, ana iya cewa da tabbacin cewa yana yiwuwa a sami rufin karkashin ruwa a zurfin mita 3-5, dangane da matsayi mai tsawo na yankin a ƙarƙashin binciken. Abinda yake faruwa a cikin kullun yana dogara ne da abubuwa masu ruɗan ruwa: kusa da kogi, tafkin, da faduwa.

Ana kira Layer kusa da surface "perch". Ba ruwantaccen ruwa don abinci ba, tun da yake samar da wannan lakabi ne saboda hazo, narkewa da dusar ƙanƙara, da dai sauransu, saboda haka cututtuka masu illa zasu iya shiga nan. Duk da haka, sau da yawa ana amfani da ruwan "zurfin" a cikin gona, kuma suna kira shi "ruwan fasaha".

Kyakkyawan ruwa mai tsabta yana zurfin mita 8-10. A cikin zurfin mita 30 ana kiransa "ruwan ma'adinai", don haɓaka daga cikin wuraren da ake ginawa da rijiyoyi.

Yana da sauki sauƙin ƙayyadewa da zurfin asibiti na sama. Akwai da yawa m hanyoyi: ta hanyar sanda ko wani karfe frame, ta amfani da wani lãka tukunya, da hanyar da kiyaye shuke-shuke da girma a kan ƙasa.