Arapaima (kifi): description, mazauninsu da hotuna

Arapaima - Monster Kifi na Amazon. ta jiki tsawon wani lokacin kai 2.5 mita, da kuma nauyin wuce for 2 quintal. Wannan ruwa predator ya dogon ja hankalin masana kimiyya, kamar yadda wadannan girma ba peculiar zuwa ruwa tare kifi. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa kokarin da aka yi cikin 'yan shekarun don gano duk siffofin na rayuwa na Arapaima.

Guest daga m da

A karo na farko arapayma aka hange ta Turai masana kimiyya a farkon na XIX karni. Sa'an nan mun bayyana shi a matsayin wani gigantic dodo da cewa na zaune a cikin kwari na Amazon River. Kawai kwanan nan, duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun iya cikakken bincika duk fasalulluka na wannan kifi. Sai dai itace cewa arapayma - bako daga m baya, ya zama mafi daidai, burbushin jinsuna. Wannan shi ne cikar masana kimiyya ya tura ta ilimin halittar jiki, wanda yake shi ne sosai daban-daban daga wani abu to abin da muka saba a yau.

Bari mu fara da gaskiya cewa Arapaima - lungfish. Wannan yana nufin cewa shi zai iya amfani da na yanayi iska a matsayin shugaban makaranta oxygen Madogararsa. Ka tuna cewa da yawa kifi suna hana irin wannan damar, yin mu predator fi na musamman. Har ila yau, kada ka zama kamar ta "haske", shi ne lokaci mai tsawo zai mutu ba. Bayan duk, tare da gigantic size of a cike da laka ruwa na Amazon kawai ba zai iya samar da ake bukata adadin oxygen da kifi.

Arapaima Giant: description

A babban alama wannan kifi ne ta size. A kan talakawan, manya isa mita 2 a tsawon, amma mun san lokuta da dama a lokacin da masunta kama yawa ya fi girma wakilan wannan nau'in. Saboda haka, to date, mai rikodin an aje na Arapaima, da tsawon wadda ta kai alamar 4.5 mita. The nauyi na adult kifi dabam daga 180-220 kg.

Idan muka magana game da bayyanar, da Arapaima - kifi tare da dogon jiki, dan kadan matsa a kan sãsanninku. Its siffar ne mafi kamar Pike, ko yawa ya fi girma. A dorsal da tsuliya fins suna located a baya na kifi, forming wasu irin dukan wutsiya. Wani muhimmin sifa ne ta manyan ma'auni. Tare da suke samar da mai bayyana raga juna, wanda yake a bayyane ko a cikin cike da laka ruwa.

Amma ga launi, da yanayi bai wa Arapaima haske zaitun inuwa. Bugu da kari, a cikin haske da hasken Sikeli shimmering jan karfe, da kuma wani lokacin har ja sautunan. Wannan shi ne musamman bayyananna a kusa da cikinsa da wutsiya mai kifi. Amma shi ma ya faru da cewa duk da predator ta jiki ne cike da garura. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Indiyawan kira kifi "pirarucu", wanda yake nufin "ja kifi".

yankin

Arapaima - kifi, same kawai a kudancin Amirka. Duk da haka, a yau shi za a iya samu a wasu yankuna na duniya, amma sai aka kawo masu zaman kansu shayarwa. Saboda haka, da Amazon Basin ne kawai wurin da pirarucu iya tsira a cikin daji. Idan muka yi la'akari da ainihin tsarawa, da manyan yawan jinsin samu a cikin ruwa na zuwa Peru, Brazil da kuma Guyana.

Af, a farkon wannan nau'in kifi ne ma zaune a cikin Kogin Columbia, amma saboda canjin yanayi ne gaba daya bitattu. Found burbushin halittu jayayya da cewa na karshe Arapaima rayu a nan cikin Miocene lokaci, watau 5-10 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.

mazauninsu

Arapaima - babbar kifi, don haka shi ya fi son cikakken ruwa wani mai ɓuɓɓuga. Domin ta m dausayi, overgrown weeds da sarƙaƙƙiya. Ga shi za a iya samu ba kawai a cikakken fledged mafaka, amma kuma damar zuwa arziki tushen abinci: swarms na sauran kifi, mollusks, kuma ko da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

Saboda da manyan size shi ne kula da canji a cikin ruwa da zazzabi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ga al'ada metabolism shi yana bukatar zafi. Sabõda haka sai ta yayi kokarin kauce wa sanyi ruwa da kuma wadanda sassa na kogin, inda kidan sanyi keys. Amma zafin da shi yakan kawo kwanciyar hankali, kamar yadda evidenced yawa records na masana kimiyya.

abinci

Arapaima - predator kifi. A daidai wannan lokaci, ba ta size, zaka iya tsammani cewa a azabtar iya zama kusan duk wani mazauni na Amazon River. Yana da farko preys a kan sauran kifi da kwaro, waxanda suke da arziki a cikin sunadaran. Har ila yau arapayma ba shakka ci mũshe, da kuma cewa ba sarrafa don halakar da piranhas.

Haka kuma, duk da babban rabbai pirarucu iya tasowa gudun da wani tsanani a cikin bin ganima. Amma mafi masana kimiyya karin cewa arapayma iya tsalle daga cikin ruwa da kuma kama ganima gaping. Alal misali, shi ne iya tsalle kama tsuntsu ko lizard zare jiki zaune a kan wani reshe.

hali Features

Amazon Kifi - Arapaima - ba ya son su vata makamashi a kan dole ba motsi. Saboda haka, a lokacin da shi ba farauta, predator zare jiki basking a rana. Idan ruwa a cikin kogi ne karfi da turbid, shi sandunansu zuwa surface fuska da jaws da ƙarfi yana kaɗawa, hadiya a cikin "haske" dumi iska. A amfani da shi zai iya iya irin wannan hutu, saboda halitta makiya ta yi ba sosai.

Abin mamaki, har piranhas kada ku shãfe shi. A dalilin - mai karfi Arapaima Sikeli, abin da hidima a matsayin ta robust makamai don kare su daga kaifi hakora mashaya jini predator. Saboda haka pirarucu ba ko da kula da cewa kusa da ita gida don haka karaya wani makwabcin. The kawai maƙiya a gare Arapaima yau ne alligators da mutane, haka shi ne karshen sa wannan ra'ayi a kan gãɓar rãmi na nau'i nau'i.

haifuwa

Don haifa wannan nau'in an shirya kawai a shekara ta biyar da ransa. A lokacin spawning, kifi suna neman m wuri tare da tsabta yashi kasa. Ga su za su iya tono wani gida-rami, wanda sa'an nan za a jinkirta caviar. Wannan taron faruwa a marigayi Afrilu - farkon May, a lõkacin da ruwa ya kai mafi kyau duka zazzabi.

A wannan yanayin, iyaye ba su bar gida har da toya har duk ba hatched. A amfani da wannan ke faruwa da sauri, a cikin kwanaki 2-3 "yara" Arapaima aka haife. Bayan haka, da suka biyayya bi mahaifinsa, wanda duk wannan lokaci, ƙãra su. Don wannan karshen, shi yana na musamman gland dake kusa da ido. Da suke ɓoyewa musamman enzyme cewa hidima a matsayin abinci source ga matasa kifi na gaba 7-10 kwana.

Pirarucu da mutane

Yau Arapaima - kifi, ya bukaci da hankalin muhalli kungiyoyi. A cikin shekaru biyu ƙarni ta yawan ragu sosai, wanda hakan ya sa masana kimiyya da sautin ƙararrawa. By wannan jagoranci uncontrolled kamawa kifi daga cikin gida yawan. Kuma idan a cikin tsohon kwana, da Indians amfani kawai māsu da na gida cibiyar sadarwa, tare da isowa na Turawa, da suka koya don amfani more "hayayyafa" hanyoyin da kamawa kogin giant.

Amfanin da Brazil hukumomin kafa m moratorium a kan kamawa Arapaima. Yanzu shi ne zai yiwu don farautar kawai sau daya a shekara, a cikin wani musamman da majalisa ta zauna lokaci. A wannan yanayin, asali masunta dole ne samu wani lasisi daga hukumomi, in ba haka ba za su iya jiran azãba mai tsanani. Duk da haka, da yawa har yanzu mazauni karya wannan haramta, tun sayar da daya kifi, za su iya samun wani adadin daidaita su albashi.