Art: asalin art. arts

Fahimtar gaskiya, da aikewa da tunani da kuma juyayinsu a wani m tsari - duk da wannan bayanin, wanda za a iya halin da art. Asalin art ta'allaka ne a baya da asiri domin ƙarni. Idan wasu daga cikin ayyukan da za a iya gani a archaeological ya gano cewa, sauran kawai ba bar wata alama.

Karanta a kan da za ku ji koyi abin da duk daban-daban na art, kazalika da samun matsahi na saba da mafi m theories daga cikin masana kimiyya.

Theories na asalin

Domin da yawa dubban shekaru mutane fascinates art. Asalin art aka sanar a daban-daban makarantu. Masu bincike suna tasowa a jarrabawa da kuma kokarin tabbatar da su.

Yau akwai wani iri-iri theories asalin art. Mafi mashahuri ne biyar zažužžukan, wanda za mu tattauna a kasa.

Saboda haka, na farko da za a sanar da addini ka'idar. A cewar ta, da kyau - shi ne daya daga cikin sunayen da bayyananen Allah a duniya, a cikin duniya. Art ne a ri magana da wannan ra'ayin. Saboda haka, duk da 'ya'yan itatuwa na mutum kerawa bashi su zama ga Mahalicci.

A gaba jarrabawa ya nuna son sha'awa yanayi na sabon abu. The asalin daga m art, musamman, an rage wa wasan. Shi ne irin wannan aiki da kuma sauran bayyana a gaban aiki. Mun iya tsayar da shi a cikin dabba mulkin. Daga cikin magoya bayan na version za a iya kira Spencer, Schiller, Fritsche da Bucher.

A bisa uku ka'idar gani a art wani buɗi na alfasha. A musamman, Freud, Lange da Nardin yi imani da cewa wannan sabon abu ya bayyana kamar sakamako mata da maza, yana bukatar a jawo hankalin juna. An misali daga dabba duniya na iya zama courtship.

Greek gabascin yi imani da cewa art na su bayyanar zamar masa dole ya yi koyi da mutum ikon. Aristotle da Democritus ce cewa koyi da yanayi da gwamnatin a cikin al'umma, mutanen da sun hankali kasance iya warin kai majiyai.

Ƙarami ne mai akidar Karl Marx ka'idar. Ta ce game da art a matsayin sakamako na mutum masana'antu aiki.

Next za mu duba a cikin tarihin na asalin iri daban-daban manifestations na m baiwa.

wasan kwaikwayo

Wasan kwaikwayo kamar yadda wani art fom da aka haifi wani dogon lokaci da suka wuce. Masu bincike yi imani da cewa wannan ra'ayin zo daga shamanic ibada. A zamanin d duniya, mutane ne dauke da dogara a kan bautar yanayi daban-daban mamaki, ya tambayi ruhohin nan su taimaka da farauta.

Don yin wannan, amfani da dama masks da kayayyaki, sun yi karatu batutuwa a kowane hali.

Duk da haka, wadanda rituals ba za a iya kira a Theatrical yi. Waɗannan su ne daidai da ayyukan hajji. Don a wasu wasan classified a matsayin yin zane-zane ya zama ba, fãce ga actor da masu sauraro fiye.

Saboda haka, da ainihin haihuwa na wasan kwaikwayo ta fara a tsufa. Kafin akwai rabuwa ayyuka daban-daban - dance, music, singing, da dai sauransu bisani, akwai wani rabo, sannu-sannu kafa uku main yankunan: .. rawa, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo.

Fans of wasan ka'idar asalin art jayayya da cewa shi ya bayyana a matsayin wani fun nisha. Amma, wannan sanarwa ta dogara ne a kan tsoho asirai, inda mutane ado a kayayyaki na satyrs, Bacchantes. A wannan zamanin, sau da yawa a shekara shirya masquerades, maƙil da fun holidays.

Sa'an nan, suka fara dauki siffar a raba shugabanci - wasan kwaikwayo. Akwai ayyukan playwrights kamar Euripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles. Shin biyu na Genre - bala'i da comedy.

Bayan da fall na Roman Empire wasan kwaikwayo art da aka manta. A gaskiya, a Yammacin Turai, shi ne haifi - sake saboda kasa holidays da bukukuwa.

zanen

Tarihi da lafiya art yana da saiwoyinsa a tsufa. Har yanzu sami sabon zane a kan garun kogwanni cikin sassa daban daban na duniya. Alal misali, a cikin kogon Altamira a Spain, Niah kogwanni, da Malaysia da kuma sauransu.

Yawancin lokaci dyes an gauraye da binders, kamar ci, ko ocher guduro. Batutuwa ba su sãɓã ba bambancin. Mafi yawansu sun kasance wadansu siffofin dabbobi, da farauta al'amuran, handprints. Wannan art da dangantaka da paleolith da mesolite.

Daga baya ya bayyana petroglyphs. A gaskiya, yana da guda kogo art, amma tare da wani tsauri storyline. Akwai riga bayyana silhouettes mutane, kara yawan farauta al'amuran.

Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike siffantãwa da asalin na zane-zane, to wannan zamanin na zamanin d Misira. Shi ne a cikin wannan jiha a kan bankunan na Nile akwai tsananin canons na daban-daban nau'o'i. A musamman, da zane-zane, an juya a cikin sassaka da monumental zanen.

Idan ka bincika tsoho zane, za mu iya ganin cewa, wannan layin da m ideas zo daga mutum yunkurin kwafa, gyara da kewaye gaskiya.

Daga baya, da zanen nuna Monuments na Crete-Mycenaean lokacin da tsoho Greek gilashin fure zane. A ci gaba da wannan art fara hanzarta. Frescoes, gumaka, da farko hotuna. Duk wannan na faruwa a lokacin da farko ƙarni BC.

Idan fresco sun musamman rare a tsufa, tsakiyar zamanai, mafi yawan artists yi aiki don ƙirƙirar da fuskoki na tsarkaka. Kawai a lokacin da Renaissance hankali zama shahararren zamani nau'o'i.

Tun da Italian Renaissance ba impetus zuwa cin gaban dukan na yammacin Turai zane-zane. Karavadzhizm, misali, yana da muhimmanci rinjayi Flemish artists. Daga baya, da Baroque tasowa, classicism, sentimentalism da sauran nau'o'i.

music

Music ne ba kasa tsoho art. Art Origin ake magana a kai a matsayin na farko na al'ada na kakanninmu, a lokacin da raya dance wasan kwaikwayo a jarirai. A lokaci guda akwai kuma music.

Da masu bincike yi imani da cewa wani shẽkara dubu hamsin da suka wuce, a Afrika, mutãnensa suka shũɗe a kan da motsin zuciyarmu ta hanyar music. Hujja da wannan ne sarewa, wanda archaeologists sun gano kusa da sculptures a yankin. Age figurines - game da arba'in shekara dubu.

Jarrabawa asalin art, da sauransu, ba a tsayar da kuma allahntaka tasiri a farko m mutane. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin cewa wata gundura da makiyayi, ko wani mafarauci halitta bayani dalla-dalla tsarin na ramuka a kan salula yi wasa a m kiɗa.

Duk da haka, shi ne na farko cro-Magnons amfani da al'ada feat. Irfan da iska kida.

Daga baya ya zo da zamanin na zamanin d music. A farko rubuta song Dates baya ga biyu-dubu BC. A lãka kwamfutar hannu da cuneiform matani da aka samu a lokacin tono a Nippur. Da zarar decrypted, da ya zama sananne cewa music, yana rubuce a cikin uku.

Wannan irin art yadu da aka sani a India, Farisa, Mesafotamiya, Misira. A wannan lokacin, amfani da tagulla, feat. Irfan da kuma tohon kida.

A wurin da haihuwa music zo. Yana da wani art na wannan zamanin na fall na Roman Empire har cikin tsakiyar karni na sha takwas. A wannan lokacin, musamman powerfully ɓullo da ecclesiastical shugabanci. Wadanda mutane version daga cikin ayyukan gabatar troubadours, jesters da minstrels.

adabi

History of art da al'adu mafi m da muhawwara samun lõkacin da ta je rubuta kafofin. Wannan adabi iya more cikakken iyar da bayanai. Idan sauran siffofin art aka mayar da hankali, yafi a kan azanci shine-wani tunanin Sphere, karshen kuma aiki da nau'i-nau'i daga dalilin.

A mafi tsoho texts samu a kasashe irin su India da China da Farisa, Misira da kuma Mesofotamiya. M da suka kasance sunã sassaka a kan garun Ibada, da duwatsu, ya sassaka a kan lãka Allunan.

Daga cikin nau'o'i na wannan lokaci, shi ne daraja ambata waka, jana'izar da texts, haruffa, tarihin. Daga baya zo da labarin, da koyarwarsa, da annabce-annabce.

Duk da haka, a mafi yawa da kuma ci gaba da zama tsoho wallafe-wallafe. Manazarta da kuma playwrights, kasida da marubuta na zamanin d Girka da kuma Roma, ba wanda ya bar zuriyarsu inexhaustible taskar hikima. Ga harsãshensa na zamani Yammacin Turai da kuma duniya adabi da aka sa shi. A gaskiya, da rabuwa da lyrics, epics da wasan kwaikwayo miƙa ta Aristotle.

Next zo cikin zamanin tsakiyar zamanai. A tarihin Rasha art, musamman adabi, zai fara a wannan lokaci. Domin na farko nau'o'i hada da kwafin da Linjila, Littafi Mai Tsarki, Miscellany, koyarwa da sauransu.

dance

Daya daga cikin mafi wuya arts rubuce. Gaskiyar cewa dance samo asali ne lokaci mai tsawo, ba shakka wani mutum daya, amma ko da m frame ne mai wuya da za a m.

A farkon images samu a kogwanni cikin India. Akwai suna fentin mutum silhouette a dancing shirya kai. Bisa ga theories asalin art, a takaice, shi ne bukatar bayyana motsin zuciyarmu da kuma jawo hankalin da akasin jima'i. Shi ne dance mafi cikakken goyan bayan wannan jarrabawa.

Har yanzu rawa dervishes amfani da su shiga a trance. Mun san da sunan da ya fi shahara rawa a zamanin d Misira. Yana da aka Salome, a 'yan qasar na Idoma (wani tsoho jihar a arewacin Sinai Larabawa).

Wayewa da Far East ya ba tukuna aka raba ta dance kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Duka irin art sun yaushe tafi a cikin biyu. Pantomime, Japan wasanni ta 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, dancer, Indian, Sin carnivals kuma processions. Duk wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ake amfani da su bayyana motsin zuciyarmu da kuma ci gaba da al'adar da rai, ba tare da yin amfani da kalmomi.

sassaka

Sai dai itace cewa da tarihi na art aka inextricably nasaba da sauran manifestations na kerawa. Alal misali, sassaka zama wani nan take tsaya dancing. Aka tabbatar da mutane da yawa da mutummutumai na zamanin d Girkanci da kuma Roman Masters.

Masu bincike matsalar asalin art aka yi wahayi da shubuha. Sassaka, misali, a hannu daya, akwai wani ƙoƙari personify zamanin d alloli. A gefe - master kasa dakatar da lokacin da talakawa rai.

Wannan sassaka ya yarda artists don isar da juyayinsu, motsin zuciyarmu, ciki tashin hankali, ko, conversely, da zaman lafiya a roba. Daskararre mutum buɗi na ruhaniya duniya a zahiri zama tsohon m cewa ya kiyaye domin da yawa dubban shekaru da kuma ra'ayin bayyanar mutane na cewa lokaci.

Kamar sauran siffofin art, sassaka zo daga zamanin d Misira. Zai yiwu mafi shahara abin tunawa ne Sphinx. Da farko, da master halitta kayan ado na musamman ga sarakunan da kuma haikalin. Da yawa daga baya, a tsufa, da mutum-mutumi located a matakin kasa. By wadannan kalmomi da ake nufi da cewa tare da wannan zamanin na sculptures yi ado gidanka iya duk wanda yana da isasshen kudi don tsari.

Saboda haka, irin wannan art ne ba da wani prerogative na sarakuna, ya kuma haikalin.

Kamar sauran manifestations art, a sassaka na tsakiyar zamanai ya a ƙi. Revival fara kawai tare da zuwan da Renaissance.

Yau, da wannan irin art ke shiga wani sabon falaki. Tare da kwamfuta graphics 3D-firintocinku ya rage wuya da aiwatar da samar uku-girma images.

architecture

Ma'adanin na gine-gine ne mai yiwuwa mafi m irin aiki na duk yiwu halaye na bayyanuwar m tunani. Bayan duk, da gine hadawa kungiyar na sarari ga wani dadi rayuwa, da magana daga ra'ayoyi da tunani, kazalika da adana wasu abubuwa na al'ada.

The mutum abubuwa na wannan art form ya tashi a lokacin akwai wani rabo na jama'a a cikin duwatsu da kuma caste. The so daga cikin shugabanni da kuma firistoci su yi ado nasu gidajen, sabõda haka sũ, tsaya daga sauran gine-gine, daga baya ne suka kai ga gine-gine da sana'a.

Man-yi gaskiya, da ordering na yanayi, da ganuwar - duk wannan halitta mai ji na tsaro. Kuma da kayan ado damar da artist wajen isar da yanayi da kuma yanayi, wanda ya sanya a cikin ginin.

circus

A ra'ayi na "artists" suna da wuya hade da circus. Wannan irin tabarrau ne sau da yawa riskarsa kamar nisha. Don ƙarni shi ne babban wurin bikin da sauran bukukuwa.

The kalmar "circus" ya zo daga "zagaye" da Latin lokaci. Bude ginin wannan nau'i aiki a matsayin wani wuri na shagala da Romawa. A gaskiya, shi ne racecourse. Daga baya, bayan rushewar daular da a Yammacin Turai yi kokarin ci gaba da hadisi, amma shahararsa ta irin wannan ayyuka ba su samu. A tsakiyar zamanai da wuri daga cikin circus dauki minstrels da mutãne, a cikin asiri na nobility.

Duk da yake artists mayar da hankali fiye da a kan yadda za su faranta shugabanni. Circus, ana riskarsa kamar fairground shagala, wato, ya kasance wani low-sa.

Kawai a cikin Renaissance, akwai na farko yunkurin haifar da wani samfur na zamani circus. M basira, mutane da haihuwa lahani, dabba masu horon, jugglers da Clowns yayin Miscellaneous da masu sauraro.

Ba ma cikin yanayin da ake ciki ya canza a yau. Wannan nau'i na art bukatar nadiri jimiri, ikon improvise da ikon "yawo" na rayuwa.

cinema

Masana kimiyya sun ce wani mutum fassara gaskiya ta hanyar kimiyya da kuma fasaha. Asalin art, bisa ga theories alaka da bukatar kai-magana da hulda a cikin al'umma.

A hankali ɓullo da hanyoyin kerawa, na gani da kuma nisha zane-zane. Duk da haka, tare da ci gaba da mataki na ci gaba zo quite unprecedented hanyoyi na sadarwa ideas, motsin zuciyarmu, bayanai.

Akwai sabon siffofin art. Daya daga cikinsu shi da cinema.

mutane kasance na farko da za a tsara wani hoto a farfajiya da "sihiri lantern". Yana da aka bisa ga ka'ida da "kyamara obscura" da aka aiki a wani Leonardo Vinci. Daga baya ya bayyana kyamarori. Kawai a cikin marigayi karni na sha tara, da Lumiere yan'uwa gudanar ya ƙirƙira na'urar abin da yake iya doguwar motsi images.

A farkon karni na ashirin da ya ce cewa wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin wani art form ya outlived da amfani. Kuma tare da zuwan talabijin da shi, ana riskarsa kamar undeniable gaskiya. Duk da haka, muna ganin cewa kowane art fom yana da nasa Raya Makon, kawai ne a redistribution na sauraro.

Saboda haka, muna sani fa da akwai asalin art theories, da kuma kuma yi magana game da daban-daban na kerawa.