Auren sihiri iya da ikon sihiri Garri Pottera da za a rubuta a cikin DNA?

A duniyar "Harry mai ginin tukwane" sihiri damar iya yin komai mika saukar. Bokaye da matsafa da iyaye wanda shi ma yana sihiri iko, kuma su kakaninki. Duk da haka, akwai ban ga wannan mulkin. Alal misali, Germiona Greyndzher aka haife wani biyu daga Muggles (mutane ba tare da ikon sihiri), da maƙwabci fadin dakin Harry Seamus Finnigan ya dan-muggle uba da wani Dan Ailan mayya.

Amma wani lokacin bokaye da matsafa ma'aurata suna da yara, ba tare da ikon sihiri, wanda aka kira a squib. Waɗannan su ne, misali, da Kiyayewa "Hogwarts" Argus Filch ko makwabcin Harry Arabella Figg. Kamar yadda ka gani, da sihiri yana da dokoki na gado, amma abin da kwayoyin dalilai bayyana dalilin da ya sa wasu suna haife mayu ko matsafa, yayin da wasu ba su da ikon sihiri?

Yana da wannan tambaya yanke hukuncin karatu Eric tsayi - mataimakin farfesa ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Duke a North Carolina, wanda aka gudanar a taro a kan wannan topic.

recessive genes

Auren iya samar da amsoshin da yawa tambayoyi a cikin sihiri duniya na "Harry mai ginin tukwane", kuma ba kawai don bayyana sihiri ya heroes. Alal misali, gashi launi Weasley iyali iya bayyana itatuwa aure. Red gashi ne ya sa ta maye gurbi a cikin MC1R gene. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne wani recessive hali, watau shi bayyana kanta kawai a cikin akwati inda maye gurbi ne ba a duka biyu sets na DNA, wadda aka gada yaro. Kamar yadda Arthur da Molli Uizli ja, da 'ya'yansu gada biyu kofe na gene maye gurbi da aka ma haife tare da ja gashi.

Duk da haka, a karshe scene na karshe movie, "Harry mai ginin tukwane da Deathly Hallows: Part 2", za mu ga cewa Lily - matasa 'yar Harry da Ginny - kamar yadda ja gashi, ko da yake su ne duhu, Harry. Wannan yana nufin cewa Harry ya gaji kwafi na maye gurbi daga mahaifiyarsa, wanda shi ma ja, ya kuma ba shi 'yarsa. Duk da cewa Harry gāda daga uwarsa wata recessive gene for ja gashi, ya aka haife tare da duhu gashi kamar yadda tsohonsa, James bai yi wannan maye gurbi. Saboda haka, recessive gene bayyana kawai 'yar Harry da Ginny.

rinjaye genes

Da shi sihiri ne gene ne ma recessive, kamar yadda a cikin al'amarin tare da ja gashi? A cewar kara ɗe, Hagrid - forester a "Hogwarts" - ya tabbatar da cewa, ba shi ne ba. A Refayawa ba su da ikon sihiri, da kuma Hagrid aka haife shi a iyali na da uwa da wata katuwar mayen uba. Saboda haka, kawai kwafin na sihiri daga cikin gene an shige daga uba zuwa gare shi, da kuma saboda haka ba ta da rinjaye, ba recessive.

autosomal halaye

Wannan misali alama da za a alluding da gaskiyar cewa ikon sihiri hade da wani Y-chromosome, cewa shi ne na sihiri gene dole ne a wuce a daga ubanku ta DNA (mãtã suna da biyu X chromosomes, yayin da maza da daya X kuma Y- chromosomes). Duk da haka, Seamus Finnigan mahaifinsa kuwa Muggle kuma uwarsa wata mayya, don haka ya ikon sihiri ba za a iya daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar da Y-chromosome. A cewar tsayi aikata autosomal sihiri damar iya yin komai, cewa ba alaka jima'i halaye. Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da sihiri gene ne autosomal da rinjaye.

Random maye gurbi

Zai ze cewa duk abin da yake da sauki, amma idan iyali iya bayyana Muggle mayu? Idan wannan shi ne rinjaye hali, sa'an nan inda ya yi da sihiri Hermione, domin ta kasance ta farko mayya a cikin iyali? Hermione misali ne na kayyade maye gurbi de Novo, wanda ya bayyana a karon farko saboda wani canji a kwai ko maniyyi, ko da a ciki da tayi bayan hadi. Kuma irin wannan maye gurbi ne sosai na kowa a hakikanin rai.

Irin wannan bazuwar maye gurbi iya bayyana yadda wani iyali na biyu mayu za a iya haife wani squib. Idan sihiri gene aiki yadda ya kamata, shi halitta wani irin gina jiki. Phenotype, ko da observable halaye tasowa daga wannan aiki ne ikon sihiri. Amma idan kana da wannan gene maye gurbi (tsayi samarwa kira shi mai maye gurbi Squib), akwai wani irin sunadaran da cewa ya musanya masa a sihiri gene. Idan DNA daga iyaye daukawa a kwafin SQUIB maye gurbi, shi iya musaki da sihiri da furotin da cewa ba zai ba da damar da yaro wajen samar da ikon sihiri.

Hakazalika, masana kimiyya a yanzu za su iya canza kwayoyin halittu na 'ya'yan kwari, Magana game da magudi da hereditary dabiu a general, maimakon da kwayoyin halittu na sihiri, kamar yadda ya bayyana daga Dr. tsayi.

Abin da kayyade ikon masihirta

Amma akwai wani tambaya: me ya sa wasu bokaye da matsafa suna dauke da iko fiye da sauran? Za mu iya kiran wannan mutum bambancin sihiri damar iya yin komai? Kuma ko da shi zai iya bayyana itatuwa aure? Masana kimiyya sun ce ba da gaske.

Tunanin wani yaro wanda iyayensa da "kwando" girma. The yaro zai gāje ta, amma shi ba ya tabbatar da cewa shi zai ci nasara wajen wasan} wallon kwandon. Saboda haka, gadar hali bai da garantin ka fice basira. The ilimi da kuma ƙarfin Hermione, kazalika da da ikon ya dauki Weasley ba kaucewa dogara a kan itatuwa aure.

A ƙarshe daga cikin taro daya daga cikin mahalarta tambayi Dr. tsayi a kan abin da, a cikin ra'ayi, da Faculty of shi zai aika "rarrabẽwa Hat". "A 100% a cikin" Slytherin, "ko, kamar yadda na kira shi," Management "," - ya ce tsayi.