Bayoneti - menene wannan? Nikon F Dutsen

Bayoneti - ne kimiyya sunan da ruwan tabarau Dutsen domin photo da bidiyo kayan aiki. Yana iya zama mai fastening tsarin ko ta musamman taron jama'a, tare da abin da kamara aka saka a kan ruwan tabarau. Manyan kamfanoni samar da kyamarori, sun ɓullo da nasu ma'aunansa na maras motsi, don haka sau da yawa da bayoneti na daya m ne m tare da wasu. Duk da haka, akwai wani daidaita tsarin da kuma ƙarin na'urorin (misali, adaftan-bayoneti) domin shigarwa kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta daga daban-daban kamfanonin. The fi na kowa iri na bayonets: Nikon F, Canon EF da kuma Sony E.

Bayoneti F na "Nikon"

Tare da ci gaba da daukar hoto, shi ya bayyana cewa maras kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, tam da alaka da gidaje naúrar, iya saduwa da m ra'ayoyi da kwararru. A bayani da aka samu a cikin yin amfani da m ruwan tabarau. Kamfanin Nikon ya zama daya daga cikin na farko don gabatar da misali kam na m ruwan tabarau. Bayoneti type, ya gabatar a 1959, kamfanin "Nikon" shi ne wani bayoneti releasable connection amfani to connect wani 35mm kyamara (jiki) da kuma cikin ruwan tabarau.

Da ruwan tabarau tare da asali tsarin F-bayoneti amfani a baje har 1977, ya ba tukuna bayyana jituwa tare da kashi irin AI. Ko da zamani ruwan tabarau Nikon za a iya amfani da na'urar irin F kuma aiki lafiya tare da mazan da kyamarori, ko da yake da kafuwa iya bukatar qananan inji inganta.

manufa na aiki

Bayoneti - shi ne mai sauki na'urar. Domin haɗa shi da ruwan tabarau na kamara irin F, shi wajibi ne da hannu tsara a layi da tsinkaya ruwan tabarau da tendril metering tsarin, wanda aka gyarawa a matsayin f / 5,6 diaphragm. Daga baya da ruwan tabarau na irin wannan sun kuma yi kira pre-AI da kuma wadanda ba AI.

karfinsu

Ruwan tabarau Nikon F bayoneti-type aikin lafiya tare da duk zamani kyamarori Nikon akalla hannu zabi daukan hotuna yanayin, musamman idan gyara su don karfinsu da Dutsen AI. A wannan yanayin da aiki halaye budewa fifiko zai dogara ne a kan kamara samfurin. Matrix metering bukatar musamman da haɓaka, sigogin, don haka shi yawanci ba ya aiki da wadannan ruwan tabarau, ko da idan suka gama up ga misali AI.

zane Features

Riga tun da ruwan tabarau sanye take da Nikon F bayoneti Dutsen tsarin, kamfanin ya yi amfani da ginshikai na atomatik diaphragm. Wannan shi ne, wannan wani bangare ne kullum bude a lokacin da ka matsar da mayar da hankali da kuma aka rufe kawai don wani lokaci kafin lokacin da photographing. Tare da wannan hoton a kan viewfinder da ba ya yi duhu, kuma ba ya hana shiriya, ko da idan budewa zobe da aka fassara zuwa cikin rufaffiyar matsayi. Fasali, wannan da aka gane a cikin wani nau'i na liba gina a cikin kyamara gida, da yake sauka kafin a hoton. Da ruwan tabarau aka saki wani liba wanda a karkashin spring matsa lamba rufe diaphragm ruwan wukake.

Nikon bayoneti irin AI

AI (Atomatik Indexing) - da kuma inganta version na farko Dutsen Nikon F - aka gabatar a shekara ta 1977. Magoya samfurin "Nikon" jiran wani sabunta tsarin damar domin m ruwan tabarau sauri. Wani lokaci a fitacciyar mediocre hotuna raba 'yan seconds rasa, kuka da kansa a cikin ruwan tabarau sauyawa. Kuma fotogigant gabatar da wani sabon ruwan tabarau dutsen. Wannan streamlined zane cewa a yarda a sa ruwan tabarau da daya hannun motsi, da kuma ba su vata lokaci a kan shigar da budewa zobe a cikin index kashi.

Lokacin amfani a kan zamani kyamarori AI-ruwan tabarau na iya aiki a halaye kamar manual (M) da kuma budewa fifiko (A) sa idanu da daukan hotuna dot ko a tsakiya. Wasu kyamarori kuma za a iya amfani da matrix metering.

Ruwan tabarau tsohon irin (F) ne mai sauqi ka gyaggyara yi ta kara AI, wanda da liba taba wani bayoneti jam'iyya, na Magana da matsayi na diaphragm zobe.

sababbin abubuwa

An sa ran cewa babban bidi'a da kafa inji levers wanda dole ne a sanar da jam'iyya na da mai da hankali tsawon ruwan tabarau. Masana sun nuna cewa, sabon "Nikon" kyamara za ta yaya amfani da bayanai. Amma da kyautata Dutsen ba ya canzawa. A designers tafi da sauran hanyar da: na zamani ruwan tabarau aika da da bayanai electronically. Wannan hanya juya a kira su da yawa mai rahusa kuma mafi m. AI-ruwan tabarau yanzu sayar for gaba da kome, ko da yake su ne kadan baya zuwa zamani AI-S (misali, ba su da sauri da shirin).

Soviet da kuma Ukrainian kamara kuma ruwan tabarau

A kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Ukraine na 35 mm kyamarori da ruwan tabarau da suke da yadace tare da Dutsen Nikon AI, ta bayar da Kiev factory "Arsenal". Daga cikin kyamarori sun kamar haka:

• "Kiev-17".
• "Kiev-20".
• "Kiev-19".
• "Kiev-19M".
• Sarauta Arsat ruwan tabarau.

Bayoneti irin Nikon AI-s

Wannan shi ne na gaba mataki a cikin juyin halitta daga m ruwan tabarau. Irin wannan na'urar ne a yi amfani a yau. By AI shi ne mai sauki jefa a kan wani takamaiman taso neckline a cikin bayoneti samuwa a kan chromed zobe sikelin zurfin filin (a AI baki surface) amfani da orange Paint alama da ƙaramar budewa.

Letter «S» suturta cewa coefficient na mikakke rufe diaphragm rinjayar deflection na diaphragm-nuna alama liba zuwa bayoneti. Saboda da bidi'a a cikin bẽnãye autofocus daidaici budewa ji an muhimmanci karu. wannan ci gaba ne ba da muhimmanci ga model tare da manual iko.

Karfinsu da baya iri

• All AI-S-ruwan tabarau jituwa tare da {ungiyar AI-ruwan tabarau.
• All AF, AF-I, kuma AF-S-ruwan tabarau ne ma jituwa tare da bayoneti AI-S.
• All AI-S-ruwan tabarau aiki a kan "SLR» Nikon akalla a manual yanayin.
• Mai SLR "Nikon", ciki har da dijital, za a iya aiki a cikin budewa fifiko yanayin, kuma da dama daga mai son matakin na'urorin.

Kafin ka shirya sayan, karanta mai amfani da umarnin da kamara, wanda aka yaushe kawota bayanai a kan goyon bayan da takamaiman iri ruwan tabarau.

Bayoneti-type P

Wannan matasan misali da aka gabatar a shekara ta 1988 musamman domin na hannu telephoto ruwan tabarau cewa Nikon ya rike mukamin har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda dogon-mayar da hankali AF-ruwan tabarau ba ka saya taro rarraba. A lokacin, mafi kyau "avtofokusnikami" model tare da sigogi sun 300 mm f / 2 8.

Nikon ruwan tabarau saki bit irin P. Daga cikin su 500mm f / 4 P (1988); 1200-1700 mm f / 5,6-8,0 P Ed. 45mm f / 2,8 P.

Ruwan tabarau ne manual irin P AI-S kara da dama lantarki Lambobin bayoneti AF. Wannan dabarar sanya shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da matrix metering yanayin cewa da ya shigo ya bayyana a kan autofocus kyamarori.

Bayoneti-type AF

Nikon ruwan tabarau autofocus AF (sai AF-I, kuma AF-S) jawo a sharpness saboda juyawa daga cikin mota a cikin jam'iyya ne, sun shige ta musamman inji a cikin m ruwan tabarau. Masu daukan hoto irin wannan inji da ake kira "sukudireba". Yanzu wannan tsarin ya dubi m idan aka kwatanta da Canon autofocus tsarin, amma irin wannan zane a yarda da baya a 1980 don kula da cikakken karfinsu da neavtofokusnymi ruwan tabarau. All autofocus na'urar (har da {ungiyar AI-S) aiki daidai for neavtofokusnyh bẽnãye. Duk da haka, na'urorin da cewa ba su goyi bayan da {ungiyar AI, har yanzu bukatar kara ci gaba.

Bayoneti-type AF-N

AF-nadi na N aka gabatar kawai domin rarrabe ruwan tabarau AF-tsohon jerin daga sabo-sabo. Bayan da a saki na farko "Nikon» AF-ruwan tabarau na yanke shawarar cewa ciwon irin wannan mai amfani-friendly fasaha, babu wanda kuma zai dauki hotuna a manual yanayin. Saboda haka, na farko AF-ruwan tabarau aka sanye take da bakin ciki m manual mayar da hankali zobe, wanda amfani da shi kusan ba zai yiwu. Duk da haka, shi ya juya fitar da cewa masu daukan hoto fi son mai kyau da haihuwa da fadi rubberized mayar da hankali zobe. Saboda haka, injiniyoyi koma mayar da su zuwa autofocus ruwan tabarau da kuma kira sabon gyare-gyare AF-N. Modern ruwan tabarau suna sanye take da dadi mayar da hankali zobe, don haka AF-N tsarin rubutu a gare su yanzu ba a amfani da su.

Bayoneti-type AF-D

Ruwan tabarau a cikin wannan category bisa ga "m" na kamara nesa a abin da suka mayar da hankali. Rubuce, a takamaiman yanayi, ya kamata a taimaki tsarin matrix metering domin sanin daukan hotuna more daidai, musamman a lokacin da amfani da flash. Amma a yi, bayoneti AF-D yana da mafi marketing darajar fiye da m. Bugu da ƙari, AF-D gaban iya har ma sa wani ba daidai ba tabbatar da dalilin da daukan hotuna lokacin da flash kuma matrix (film) ne a daban-daban nisa daga batun.

Yana zuwa gudun yana da kõme ba yi da gaban ko babu goyon bayan AF-D ruwan tabarau dutsen. Yana kawai more sabon ruwan tabarau, don haka suka aiki da sauri sauri fiye da suke a gabãninsu. All AF-D-ruwan tabarau, kazalika da AF kuma AI-S, aikin lafiya a neavtofokusnyh bẽnãye.

Canon EF

Bayoneti - shi ne ba m da kamfanin manufar "Nikon". Wasu kamfanoni su ma sun ɓullo da nasu tsarin na m ruwan tabarau dutsen. A madawwami kishiya - kamfanin Canon - kuma sanannen domin m iri Dutsen Tsarin. A wancan lokaci, a lokacin da Nikon ciyar tsarin AI-S, «Canon» gabatar da wani kyakkyawan ruwan tabarau Dutsen EF.

Canon bayoneti bayyana a karon farko a kan wani EOS kyamara 650 a shekarar 1987, lokacin da kamfanin ya kaddamar da jerin autofocus SLR kamara. Wannan kashi ne daban-daban daga takwarorina, musamman gaban lantarki lambobi, a cikin abin da ruwan tabarau na daukar kwayar cutar bayanai management. A EF Dutsen da inji Iris iko, da AF drive da kuma wasu sauran kaddarorin watsi da su. Da yawa daga baya, a irin wannan version iko amfani a cikin Olympus Hudu-kashi uku ɗin tsarin.

Canon EF-S

EF-S wani zaɓi samar da wani gajeren tsawon daga raya da ruwan tabarau da image haska. Shi ne partially jituwa tare da EF misali kamar ruwan tabarau EF Dutsen za a iya amfani da Kwayoyin tare da bayoneti EF da EF-S.

Bayoneti E Sony kamfanonin

E-Dutsen ne mai alama da aka makala "Sony" domin ci gaba da ruwan tabarau na mirrorless kyamarori Alpha NEX jerin kyamarori da kuma NXCAM. Wannan shi ne wani fairly kwanan nan gaba, ya gabatar a 2010 da kuma aiwatar a karon farko a cikin wata Sony α jerin kayayyakin (NEX-3 kyamarori, -5). A siffa daga cikin bayoneti dangane tsarin E ne desyatikontaktny dijital dubawa.

Bayoneti da index "E" da ake amfani a mirrorless kompaktkamerah sanye take da matrices, fice image quality a matakin "SLR". Lokaci guda SLR kamara "Sony" A bayoneti injiniyoyi amfani ga mafi m ruwan tabarau tsarin semitransparent madubai. The biyu da tsarin da ya bambanta a girma da flange kuma wasu zane fasali. Wannan nisa daga mai da hankali jirgin sama (matrix) zuwa karshen da ruwan tabarau. A SLR kyamarori da ruwan tabarau tsararru da rababben madubi, don haka babban aiki nesa da aka samu, qara jiki size m ruwan tabarau. Domin bayoneti na'urorin E madubi ba da ake bukata, don haka da ruwan tabarau ne da yawa m kuma mafi m.

Karfinsu tare da kayayyakin daga wasu masana'antun

Don mamaki da Japan designers bai bi da kansa hanya, da kuma zaɓi wani dabarun na gaskiya. Features na wannan ci gaban, a matsayin Sony E bayoneti, da damar samar da musamman adaftan cewa connect da ruwan tabarau tare da kusan duk wani zamani maras motsi daga wadannan kamfanonin:

• pentax.
• olympus.
• Nikon.
• leica.
• Hasselblad.
• Exakta.
• Minolta AF.
• Canon EF.
• contarex.
• Contax.
• Rollei.
• Micro 4: 3;
• Threaded T-dutsen, C type, M39 × 1, M42 × 1 da sauransu.

A shekarar 2011, kamfanin ya bude wani musamman na'urar irin su Sony ruwan tabarau Dutsen, wanda damar ɓangare na uku kamfanoni don samar da nasu ruwan tabarau karkashin Japan kamara.

ƙarshe

A duban farko, da ruwan tabarau Dutsen ba a zahiri rikitarwa yi. Duk da haka, da naúrar aikin da muhimman ayyuka. Yana ba ka damar canza iri ruwan tabarau dangane da ayyuka da ya yi, da kuma wayo zane, da sauri da kuma mafi m ne mai maye kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta. Na biyu muhimmanci aiki - canja wuri na dijital bayanai a zamani Kwayoyin ta hanyar lantarki da lambobi a cikin ruwan tabarau da kuma bayoneti da damar da ruwan tabarau da kuma kamara zuwa iya aiki don samun matsakaicin ingancin hotuna ko bidiyo.