Sassaka - abin da yake da shi? Famous sassaka

Yin Jihadi ga kyakkyawa, bayyana, a art - shi ne watakila kawai abu da ya bambanta mutum daga dabba. Tun zamanin da, mutane kokarin haifar da wani abu kyau, a tsakanin farauta da rayuwa deducing alamu a kan garun da kogon da yake. Tare da ci gaban bil'adama da kuma ci gaba da wani art cewa ya dauka more kuma mafi sabon siffofin. Daya daga cikin manyan iri lafiya art ne sassaka. Mene ne sassaka da kuma abin da ta iri zama - shi zai gaya a wannan labarin.

Babban abu na sassaka - da mutum, ko shi kuma iya zana dabbobi, ko wani abubuwa. Dangane da abin da abu da ake amfani, an zaba da kuma su daidai da hanyoyin magani. Wannan na iya zama wani gyare-gyaren, bisa ƙirƙira, stamping ko Fitar.

Kafin tattauna da wani ra'ayi, ya kamata ka ba shi da wani takamaiman definition. Mene ne sassaka da kuma abin da suke da halaye? A wahala ta'allaka ne da cewa sauki amsar wannan tambaya ba haka sauki. Duk da haka, za mu yi kokarin fahimtar da shi.

Definition: "Abin da yake sassaka?" A iri-iri zažužžukan

Duk wani ra'ayi ko sabon abu a bi daban. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa kowane sukar lamiri yana neman a matsalar daga wani daban-daban kwana. Saboda haka, kowane tasowa ta ma'anar "sassaka". Mene ne sassaka, za a iya samu a daban-daban kamus.

Bisa ga Bayani kamus na Ifraimu, sassaka ne ma'adanin - don ƙirƙirar wani ƙarfi (embossed) images amfani da wani gyare-gyaren, yankan ko gyare-gyaren.

A Bayani kamus na Ushakov, za ka iya samun wadannan definition: "sassaka ne ma'adanin - da yi na girma ko convex images - mutummutumai, reliefs, da dai sauransu".

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa dukkan kafofin yarda cewa sassaka - musamman irin art. Kuma zuwa shakka lalle shi haƙĩƙa ba dole.

Sassaka. Mene ne sassaka?

A lokaci kanta zo daga Latin kalmar "Sculptura", wanda ma'anarsa fassara a matsayin "sassaka" ko "thread." Ba zato ba tsammani, da kalmar "sassaka" ne sau da yawa amfani da wani dangantawa ga kalmar "sassaka".

Sosai bayyana shi, Sergei Sobolev, a talented matasa artist, "shi ne yankin na ji hade da form." Kafuwar wani sassaka zama daidai da siffar, da tsoho harshe da cewa shi ne m, kuma m ga kowa.

Tarihi na sassaka

Tushen wannan art form ke mayar da su tsufa, ga Paleolithic zamanin, shi ke lokacin da akwai na farko na ta ayyukansu. Sassaka a cikin nau'i na images of mata da dabbobi daban daban samu a scene na da yawa paleolithic shafukan a Yammacin Turai - bayyananne tabbatarwa. A cikin Neolithic iri-iri na sculptural Monuments kumbura fi.

Hakika, mafi cigaban da aka wannan irin art a zamanin zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Wannan sassaka ya zama daya daga cikin manyan siffofin magana na zamanin d Girkanci falsafa, tushen abin shi ne wani mutum da mutumin - mai daidaituwa ɓullo da biyu baxini da kuma zahirance. M mutummutumai alloli, mythical heroes da sojoji aka kashe ta Masters zamanin tsohuwar Girka, ga wanda ya kasance mai sassaka na rayuwa al'amarinsu. Mene ne sassaka a cikin fahimtar tsoho Greek mallakar su? Yana yana Sama da kowa da sassauci da kuma plasticity kwayoyin halittarsu, bisa daidai ilimin Halittar Jiki daki-daki. Daga cikin wadannan manyan Masters na zamanin d Girkanci sassaka za a iya gano ta Phidias, Myron, Lysippus, Praxiteles da sauran.

Wani sabon zagaye na ci gaba da ya samu a sassaka a XV-XVI ƙarni, a lokacin da Renaissance, wanda aka dogara ne a kan tsofaffin al'adun. Renaissance sassaka ya zama cibiyar da Italiya, a cikin babban sculptors na lokaci - Michelangelo, Donatello, Verrocchio da sauran halittawa.

Da yawa da hankali ne ma biya zuwa sassaka da kuma Soviet akida. Shi ya zama wani tasiri ga kayan aiki da inganta ideas na Soviet gurguzanci. A babban alama Soviet sassaka za a iya daukan ta monumentality. Majestic stele, m Monuments da dubban Monuments na kwaminisanci shugabanninmu suka bar mana a Legacy da Soviet sassaka.

A zamani sassaka a kan foreground ba image (abu), da kuma zabi na launuka, laushi da kuma kayan. Wannan launi zama kusan babban makami na m magana a cikin zamani sassaka.

The main iri sculptures

The main iri sassaka ne:

• zagaye sassaka (a zahiri, da mutummutumai da busts).
• taimako sassaka (Bas da kuma babban taimako).
• Na cikin gida da sassaka.
• monumental sassaka.

Har ila yau, alama wasu daga cikin takamaiman irin art: a dada sassaka, sanadin motsi, kankara, Parks da sauransu. By Genre sassaka ne mai hoto, gida, tarihi, m.

A masana'antu tsari na sculptures

Yin sculptures - da aikin wuya, bukata wasu fasaha da kuma aiki tukuru. Da zarar kana da wani tunani na sculptor ayyukansu, ya fara da yi na ta rungumi rage-size layout. Kawai a lokacin da layout ne gaba daya shirye, za ka iya ci gaba da mafi sassaka.

Domin sculpting mutummutumai bukatar tushe da karfe frame. Sa'an nan, da artist fara rufe da firam tare da lãka har sai da shi ya karbi wani sassaka cewa yana kusa da ta layout a cikin bayyanar. A wannan yanayin, yana amfani da kayayyakin aiki, don musamman tallan kayan kawa - stacks, kazalika da hannuwansu. Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da m hydration abu a lokacin gyare-gyaren haka da cewa shi ya fara crack.

Lokacin da gyare-gyaren da aka kammala, da sculptor sa wani cikakken ra'ayi daga cikin halittar wani abu fiye da wuya lãka. Sa'an nan, dangane da ra'ayi, da sassaka da za a iya sanya daga wani abu - dutse, karfe ko tagulla. Shi ne ya kamata a lura cewa babu wani daga cikin manyan sculptural aiki ne ba tare da pre-gyaren da kuma yi na zubi ne. Ko da yake a cikin tarihi na sculptures masu sana'a ne suka yi aiki kai tsaye tare da tushen abu. Daya daga cikin su shi ne mahaliccin da kuma babban Michelangelo.

Sassaka a matsayin ado Parks

Wata irin sassaka ne a sassaka shakatawa, wanda hadisai da dogon tarihi. Yana da wuya a kwatanta wani kyakkyawan wurin shakatawa ko jama'a lambu ba tare da sculptural ado. A al'adar Popular gidãjen Aljanna da sculptures kafa ta d ¯ Helenawa. Yana da wuya a kwatanta da gõnaki na zamanin d Roma ba tare da sculpted mutummutumai da alloli ne, ko da m warriors.

A XVII karni na cibiyar domin samar da sculptures ga Parks da gidãjen Aljanna zama Venice. Whole batches sayi sculptures domin su na sirri Parks manya daga Austria, Poland da Rasha. Park sassaka a lokacin ya na da muhimmanci kashi na ado na St. Petersburg, wanda aka rayayye da ake gina. Mafi shahararren Venetian Masters za a iya kira Pietro Baratta, wanda halittun iya har yanzu za a gani a cikin Summer Aljanna a St. Petersburg ko Reserve Tsarskoye Selo.

Musamman rare a zamani Parks ta samu abin da ake kira topiary sassaka - shi ne halittar wadannan Masterpieces na rayuwa shuke-shuke - itatuwa ko shrubs.

A mafi yawan sanannun duniya na sassaka

Famous sculptures na duniya tsiwirwirinsu Popularity saboda da halaye. Mun je maka da saman biyar duniya da ya fi shahara sculptures.

1. Mafi shahara a zamanin d sculptures - wani mutum-mutumi na aljanna Aphrodite, kuma aka sani da Venera Milosskaya. A daba-mutumi da marmara da aka sanya a cikin karni na biyu BC da kuma tsira ga wannan rana. Yau, biyu-mita sassaka za a iya gani a wani musamman gallery na LOUVRE.

2. A mafi sassaka - wani mutum-mutumi na Buddha Vairocana a kasar Sin (lardin Henan). A duka tsawo daga cikin abin tunawa - 158 mita, ta yi aiki da aka kammala a 2002. A sassaka da aka yi da simintin gyaran kafa da jan karfe, da jimlar kudin da aikin zambar game da $ 55 miliyan.

3. A mafi m sassaka - a Moai mutummutumai on Easter Island. Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa mutum-mutumi - aikin Masters tsoho Polynesia da blurry kwanan rana da su zuwa ga na farko Millennium BC.

4. The mafi m sassaka - a duniya-sanannen mutum-mutumi na Liberty - wani irin alama ce da jama'ar {asar Amirka. Shi ne kuma na biyu mafi girma a duniya.

5. The mafi zinariya sassaka - wani mutum-mutumi na Buddha, dake {asar Thailand, Wat TRIME. The uku-mita sassaka musamman a cewa shi ne gaba ɗaya sanya daga m zinariya.