Zama - a falsafa da wani mutum fuska

Kasancewar - wani ra'ayi wanda aka fassara a matsayin mutum "I" a cikin sharuddan hali. Wannan lokaci da aka shiga Soren Kierkegaard, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa rayuwan falsafa.

Feminism lafazin faransanci da rayuwan - shi ne wani m dũkiyar dabi'ar mutum, existentialists yi imani da mutum ya yanke daga al'umma da kuma dangantakar, nufin mutum shafi tunanin mutum da kaddarorin hali da kuma erecting mai cikakkar fahimtar da mutum mutum a matsayin mutum.

Wannan falsafa Trend aka nuna a cikin wallafe-wallafe. An yi imani da cewa rayuwa, a wallafe-wallafen Yana daukan tushen a cikin aikin na Faransa marubuci Albera Kamyu.

Tare da ayyukan Sartre, Camus ayyukan, musamman, labari "Stranger" ya zama rungumi dan adam da samun 'yanci daga zaman ƙuƙumma hõre a cikin tsarin na] orewar postulates na al'ada a halin kirki.

Existentialist mutum - ba wani jirgin saman soja a kan barricades da kuma ba da wani theoretician na neman sauyi sabon ideas. Ya kasance mai saɓãwa "a kanta." Ya yaki - wani irin kariya daga tsoro na wani maƙiya jama'a, domin qarfafa a shi da kin amincewa, da ruɗewa, da damuwa.

Wakilai na wannan yunkuri na yi imani da cewa rayuwan - a irin na ra'ayin wani Anthropology tsayayya wa Hegel ta fassarar haƙiƙa ci gaban da mutum hali. Idan akai la'akari da kwarewa da halin da ake ciki a cikin nasa son kai, ban da abin da wani mutum da aka ba su dõgara a kan, rayuwa ne implicated a cikin ado category, nuna da hali to sirri kyawawan dabi'u.

Tashi a cikin karni na 20th a kasashen yamma, rayuwa ne kafe a cikin karni na 19th a Rasha, inda ya rayu da halitta na farko wakilan rayuwa. Back a cikin 1830s IV Kireyevsky gabatar da manufar "wanzuwar" da kuma tsara wasu ideas wannan motsi (daga baya soma da West a cikin Latin version: existentia).

Trends na rayuwa za a iya samu riga a farkon ayyukan Pushkin.

Kadan mutane - heroes of "Tatsũniyõyi ne na Belkin" - su ne wakilan da tsakiyar aji, a sama da dukan, su ne m kamar yadda mutane. Kowane daya daga cikinsu - hali, iya jin warai, to shakka, to son, ka sha wahala.

Undertaker Adrian Prokhorov ( "The Undertaker") yana mafarki inda ya zo nan gaba abokan ciniki, wanda a zahiri da rai har yanzu. Kuma shi ya sanar da baƙin ciki a kan sana'a, musamman bayan da ya yi aka ziyarta a makwabcin cobbler Schultz, aiki, da kyau-natured 'yan'uwanmu da wani "bude shiryayye".

Samson Vyrin ( "The Stationmaster") ya mutu daga baƙin ciki, kuma bege ga ƙaunataccen 'yar, kuma ya yi ĩmãni ba cewa arziki hussars, wani mutum (bãwa) a mafi girma caste, za a iya yin farin ciki' yar wani matalauci stationmaster. Ya aukan rai ta hanyar da Prism na nasu hali da kuma kayadadden sani.

Burmin ( "Blizzard") ga shekaru hudu shan azaba da gaskiyar cewa ba ya iya bayar da hannunsa da kuma zuciya na da budurwa, kasancewa m hatsari da kuma yãsasshiya na matasa da aka yi aure a cikin wani hunturu Blizzard dare tare da baƙo.

A wani falsafa ƙamus, da aka buga a Jamus (1961), shi ya furta cewa, da gaske rayuwan tunani ne Slavic, kamar yadda ya dauki siffar karkashin karfi da tasiri na ayyukan Dostoevsky.

Wanzuwar Dostoevsky ta haruffa - a nutse cikin mafarki, a cikin nasa falsafa tunani. Saboda haka ya ce protagonist na farkon labari "The mafarkin", wanda ya sha wahala a "m abuse" daga magabatansu. Amma sadaukarwa Ivan Petrovich ( "The cin mutunci da kuma rauni") taimake shi ya tsira, don kula da halin kirki tsarki.

Samo asali a Rasha ƙasa rayuwan - wani ra'ayi kusa da da'a category kyawawan dabi'u, manufar "lamiri" (zurfi fiye da a gargajiya Freudian fassarar).