Ikilisiyar St. Nicholas a Khamovniki: gumaka da hotuna

Haikalin St. Nicholas a Khamovniki - daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma ziyarci Orthodox majami'u a Moscow, duniya-sanannen gine-gine abin tunawa na 17th karni.

Tarihin Hamovaya

Yankin Khamovniki, wanda ke yanzu a cikin zuciyar Moscow, na cikin yankunan da ke yankunan karkara har zuwa farkon karni na 16, kuma ya wakilci manyan gonada don dawakan kiwo. A cikin kwata na farko na karni na farko an kafa wurin Convent Novodevichy a nan, inda yawancin ƙauyuka suka fara fitowa, inda maƙwabtansu da masu sana'a suka rayu. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne Khamovnaya Sloboda. A nan ne masu saƙa suka koma ƙasar Moscow daga Tver. Jagora ya yi aiki a kotun sarauta, ya ba shi da zane, musamman ga launi na launi. An kirkiro kayan da ake kira rubutun suna hamovoy case, daga tsohuwar kalmar Rasha "boor" - flax. A cewar sunan lilin, an kira "Hamyan" sloboda, daga bisani kuma duk gundumar.

Tarihin tarihi na gina haikalin

Sloboda ya kasance mai girma (asalin kimanin mita 40) kuma yana da ikilisiyarsa. Ikilisiyar St. Nicholas ya kasance katako, kuma a karo na farko an ambaci shi a cikin tarihin tarihi na 1625. A cikin shekarar 1657 sai cocin Katolika ya maye gurbin cocin Katolika. A cikin shekaru 20 haikalin ya karbi cikakken suna - "Nicholas da Wonderworker daga Metropolitan Stables". A shekarar 1679 an gina sabon gini na ginin a kusa. A wannan lokaci a tsarin gine-ginen gini a Rasha akwai manyan canje-canje. Hanyar mai sauƙi ta maye gurbuwa ta mafi kyau, mai ban sha'awa. An kira shi "makami mai ban mamaki." Wannan salon yana samuwa ta amfani da launin launi, da alharin launi, abubuwa masu ado. Ikklisiya an gina shi da tubali, aka yi masa ado da dutse dutse kuma aka yi masa ado tare da farar hula.

Ginin Haikalin

Haikali na St. Nicholas da Wonderworker a Khamovniki na da kyawawan gine-ginen da aka gina a cikin wannan gidan, ciki har da coci guda biyar, wani ɗakin ginin da aka gina tare da wani ɗakin masallaci mai suna Moscow Alexis da St Dimitry Metropolitan na Moscow (a 1872, aka sake tsarkakewa a sunan sunan mahaifiyar Allah "ganimar masu zunubi"), Ƙofar yamma. Ƙungiyar tauraron dan adam ta tsakiya tana daya daga cikin mafi girma a Moscow da kuma na ƙarshe wanda aka gina a cikin wannan salon. An tsarkake jinsin ranar Jumma'a 25, 1682, sauran gine-ginen ya kara daga bisani yayin da Ikklesiya suka girma.

Abubuwa masu muhimmanci a tarihin haikalin

A yayin da Napoleon ya keta Moscow a lokacin yakin Rasha na 1812-1813, haikalin ya lalace sosai, an lalata cikin ciki. A lokacin aikin sabuntawa a 1845, zanen bango ya bayyana a ciki, kuma daga 1849 an mayar da ikilisiya.

A lokacin da ake kasancewa Ikilisiya na St. Nicholas da Hierarch a Khamovniki an mayar da ita sau uku (a 1896, 1949 da 1972), amma ba ta daina aiki ba, kuma a koyaushe an buɗe wa yan Ikklesiya.

A ƙarshen karni na 19, halittar shinge na shinge, sannan daga bisani an shigar da ƙofofin da aka gina.

A 1992, an sake mayar da kararrawa mai lamba 108 a cikin mayafin ƙwallon ƙwallon, amma kawai kararrawa da ta tsira daga ainihin kararrawa shi ne karo na biyu mafi girma a cikin ƙararrawa, wanda Malha Mikdin Ladygin ya jefa a 1686. Sauran karrarawa sun ɓace lokacin da ake tsananta ikilisiya na 30s na karni na 20. Sakamakon babban murmushi mai girma 300-pood bai sani ba.

A shekarar 1922, lokacin da aka kwashe asalin coci daga haikalin, fiye da biyar kayan ado na zinariya da na kayan azurfa da kayan aiki aka ba su.

Gida da kuma abubuwan jan hankali na haikalin

Babban ɗakin sujada, wanda yake da haikalin St. Nicholas a Khamovniki (hoto a kasa) - gunkin Virgin "Sporuchnitsa masu zunubi." Ita tana a cikin haikalin hagu-hagu, mai suna bayanta. Icon wani cikakken jerin banmamaki image na zamanin d haruffa, wanda yake a Audrina Nicholas sufi, located a lardin Orel. Marubucin jerin ba a sani ba.

An ba da allo ga coci na St. Nicholas a Khamovniki a 1848 daya daga cikin Ikklisiyoyin Ikilisiya. A cewar labari, jim kadan bayan sayen hoton Uwar Allah, mai shi ya fara lura da cewa yayin da sallar bayyanar alamar ta canza, a kan fuskar ya bayyana saurin mai. Wasu marasa lafiya sun warkar da addu'a da wannan man fetur. Mai shi ya ba da icon ɗin zuwa coci na St. Nicholas na Hierarch a Khamovniki, inda mu'ujizai suka ci gaba. Mutanen suka shiga cikin haikalin ta bakin kogi. Hoton an danganta zuwa jerin abubuwan warkarwa na banmamaki. Wannan ya kasance a fili a lokacin raguwar kwalara a 1848.

A 2008, Ikilisiyar St. Nicholas da Hierarch a Khamovniki ya yi bikin shekaru 160 tun lokacin da aka gano alamar mu'ujiza. A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, ranar bikin Mu Lady "Sporuchnitsa masu zunubi" an yi bikin.

A 2011, Kiristocin Orthodox da ke zaune a Ingila zasu iya bauta wa jerin abubuwan banmamaki. Alamar ta zauna a can don kwanaki da yawa akan bauta.

Tare da gunkin "Sporuchnitsa masu zunubi", wanda ke da alfahari da coci na St. Nicholas a Khamovniki, gumaka a coci ba su da daraja da tarihi mai daraja. A cikin babban iconostasis akwai wani icon na St. Alexy (Metropolitan na Moscow), da aka rubuta a 1688 by mai hoton sarauta Ivan Maximov. Wasu wurare masu daraja sune: Hoton Smolensk na Maryamu Mafi Girma, wanda aka kirkiro a karni na 17, da kuma gunkin shahararren John of Warrior, karni na 18.

A cikin babban ɗakin sujada na haikalin kuma akwai relic tare da relics na tsarkaka, a cikin ikklisiya idon baƙi ya janyo hankulan dakin tsohuwar doki a kan tsararraki - ɗaki na musamman, wanda aka tsara ta fasaha.

Ayyukan Ikilisiya na St. Nicholas da Wonderworker

A cikin Ikilisiya a kowace rana a karfe 8 na safe an gudanar da liturgy - sabis na jama'a da sacrament na Eucharist (tarayya). Tafiya na farawa ne a karfe 5 na yamma. A lahadi, babban biki , kuma Asabar iyaye - 7 da kuma 10 hours, a kan lahadi kuma a kan Hauwa'u na All-Dare tashin - Maraice Service a 17 hours. A ranar Talata kafin banmamaki icon na Uwar Allah "Wakili na laifi" a lokacin wani maraice bauta ya akafistnoe tsarkakewa, a kan Alhamis - Vespers da Akathist zuwa St. Nicholas.

Ba haka ba da dadewa, makarantar Ilimi na Orthodox, makarantar Lahadi da ɗaliban cocin cocin sun fara aiki a coci. Akwai baptisma don baptismar manya.

Ikilisiyar St. Nicholas a Khamovniki: yadda za'a samu can?

A matsayin duniya shahara alama a Moscow, haikali ne ziyarci da kullum ta hanyar daruruwan yawon bude ido. Ana kusa da Komsomolsky Prospekt, tsakanin filin Leo Tolstoy da Timur Frunze Street. Zaka iya samun can ta wurin metro. Ofishin mafi kusa shi ne "Park of Culture" (roundabout).