Binary code. Iri da kuma tsawon na binary code. Baya binary code

Binary code shi ne wani nau'i na rikodin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin nau'i na wadanda kuma zeros. Irin wannan tsarin domin kirga a positional tushe 2. A ranar, da binary code (tebur gabatar da dan kadan a kasa ya ƙunshi wasu misalai na rikodin da lambobi) a yi amfani da duk dijital na'urorin. Da shahararsa shi ne saboda da high AMINCI da sauki daga wannan shigarwa form. Binary ilmin lissafi ne mai sauqi qwarai, daidai da, da kuma shi ne mai sauki yi a hardware. Digital lantarki aka gyara (ko kamar yadda aka kira su - dabaru) ne sosai m kamar yadda suka yi aiki a kawai jihohin biyu: mai ma'ana naúrar (ie na yanzu), da kuma wani dabaru sifili (babu halin yanzu). Saboda haka, da suka gwada favorably tare da analog aka gyara, wadda ake bisa transients.

Ta yaya ne binary nau'i na rubutu?

Bari mu ga yadda irin wannan key aka kafa. Daya lambar binary code iya hada kawai jihohin biyu: sifili da daya (0 da 1). Lokacin amfani da biyu ragowa zama zai yiwu rikodin hudu dabi'u: 00, 01, 10, 11. The uku lambar shigarwa ƙunshi takwas jihohi: 000, 001 ... 110, 111. A sakamakon haka ne cewa tsawon na binary code shi ne dogara a kan yawan jini. Wannan magana za a iya rubuta ta amfani da wadannan dabara: N = 2m, inda: m - shi ne yawan ragowa, kuma N - yawan haduwa.

Iri binary lambobin

A microprocessors ne da mabuɗan amfani da rikodin wani iri-iri na bayanai da za a sarrafa. Bit binary code zai iya muhimmanci ƙetare damar da processor da ciki ƙwaƙwalwar. A irin haka ne, da yawan dogon span mahara memory Kwayoyin da sarrafa shi da kawai 'yan dokokin. A wannan yanayin, duk da memory sassa cewa an kasaftawa a karkashin Multi-byte binary code, ana daukarsu a matsayin wata guda lambar. Dangane da bukatun wannan ko wancan bayani, wadannan iri keys:

• Unsigned.
• kai tsaye tselyeznakovye lambobin.
• landmark baya.
• ƙarin alama.
• Gray code.
• Gray code-Express.;
• fractional lambobin.

Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki, ga kõwane ɗaya daga gare su.

Unsigned binary code

Bari mu ga abin da ya ƙunshi irin rikodin form. A Unsigned lamba lambobin kowane bit (binary) lambobi wakiltar digiri biyu. Kamar wancan ne mafi karami yawan da za a iya rubuta a cikin wannan tsari, shi ne sifili da matsakaicin za a iya wakilta da wadannan dabara: M = 2 ⁿ -1. Wadannan biyu lambobin suna gaba daya ayyana key range, wanda za a iya bayyana, a wani binary code. Bari mu dubi da yiwuwar ce shigarwa siffofin. Lokacin amfani da irin wannan Unsigned key kunshi takwas ragowa, cikin kewayon yiwu lambobin Range daga 0 to 255. hexadecimal code, sunã da wata iyaka daga 0 to 65535. A takwas-bit sarrafawa domin adanar da rikodi na wadannan lambobi ta amfani da biyu memory sassa cewa suna located in m addressees . Aiki da irin wannan key na samar na musamman dokokin.

Direct duka harafin lambobin

A wannan nau'i na binary keys MSB an yi amfani da rikodin lambar farantin. Zero yayi dace da, da kuma naúrar - debe. A sakamakon wannan fitarwa kewayon masu lamba lambobin canja a cikin mummunan shugabanci. Sai dai itace cewa takwas-bit hannu lamba binary key yawan iya rubuta a cikin kewayon daga -127 zuwa +127. Hexadecimal - a cikin kewayon daga -32767 to +32767. The takwas-bit microprocessor for adanar irin wannan lambobin amfani da biyu m sassa.

A hasara na wannan nau'i na rikodi ne cewa m da kuma Tazarar key ragowa dole ne a sarrafa dabam. Algorithms shirye-shirye aiki tare da wadannan lambobin don samun sosai rikitarwa. Don canja zabin da hannu ragowa zama dole su aiwatar da sunadaran da cewa rufe fuska da hali, wanda na taimaka wa mai kaifi karuwa a software size kuma wani karu a yi. Domin kawar da wannan hasara da aka gabatar da wani sabon nau'in key - baya binary code.

Shiga cikin sama key

Wannan nau'i na rubuce-rubuce ne daban-daban daga kai tsaye code kawai a cewa wani mummunan yawan shi an samu ta inverting duk ragowa da key. A wannan dijital kuma alamar ragowa ne m. Saboda wannan, da lissafi mai tsauri aiki tare da irin wannan code ake muhimmanci Sauki. Duk da haka, da kuma baya da key na bukatar musamman algorithm domin gane farko lambar alama ce, da kirga cikin cikakkar darajar da lambar. A sake farfado da alama na resultant darajar. Haka kuma, a cikin Reverse da kuma gaba lambobin lambobin don rikodi biyu keys ake amfani da sifili. Duk da cewa wannan darajar ba ta da wani tabbatacce ko korau alama.

Sa hannu binary lambobi ƙarin code

Wannan irin rikodin ba da aka jera shortcomings na baya keys. Irin wannan lambobin da damar kai tsaye summation na biyu tabbatacce kuma korau lambobin. Kamar wancan ne aka ba da aka gudanar alamar bit analysis. Duk wannan ya zama zai yiwu godiya ga gaskiya cewa ƙarin lambobin suna da wata halitta alama ce zobe kuma ba wani wucin gadi mahaluži, kamar gaba da baya da baya keys. Haka kuma, muhimmin factor ne da cewa lissafin add-kan samar da binary Lambobin ne musamman sauki. Yana isa ya juya baya key add daya. Lokacin amfani da irin wannan hali code kunshi takwas ragowa, cikin kewayon yiwu lambobin Range daga -128 zuwa +127. Hexadecimal key za a kewayon -32768 to +32767. The takwas-bit sarrafawa domin adanar irin wannan lambobin ma amfani da biyu m sassa.

Binary code ƙarin ban sha'awa observable sakamako wanda sabon abu ne ake kira alamar tsawo. Bari mu ga abin da ake nufi. A sakamakon haka ne cewa a cikin tsari na mayar da wani daya-byte darajar a kowane bit na biyu-byte isasshe high byte Raba-aiki dabi'u hannu ragowa da low byte. Sai dai itace cewa ga ajiya na wani hannu yawan haruffa za ka iya amfani da high-domin ragowa. Lokacin da wannan key darajar ba ya canja gaba daya.

Gray code

Wannan nau'i na rubuce-rubuce, shi ne da gaske a daya mataki-key. Wannan shi ne, a cikin mulki daga darajar zuwa wani da aka canza daya kawai bit na bayanai. The kuskure a lokacin da karanta data take kaiwa zuwa wani mulki daga wuri zuwa wani tare da kadan lokaci biya diyya. Duk da haka, samun wata gaba daya ba daidai ba sakamakon lokacin da mai kusurwa matsayin da irin wannan tsari ne gaba daya shafe ta. A amfani da wannan code ne da ikon madubi da bayanai. Alal misali, inverting da high-domin ragowa, za ka iya kawai canza shugabanci na reference. Wannan shi ne saboda da iko labari na gaba. Lokacin da wannan darajar iya outputted matsayin mafitar kuma fadowa baki a daya jiki axis na juyawa. Tun da bayanai a rubuce cikin Gray key ne na musamman masu lamba hali, wanda ba kai da ainihin lamba data, kafin kara aiki ake bukata don maida shi baya cikin wani talakawa binary tsarin rubutu. Wannan ne yake aikata ta amfani da musamman transducer - decoder Gray Binar. Wannan na'urar da aka saukin gane a kan na farko dabaru abubuwa biyu hardware da software.

Gray code-Express

Gray Standard daya mataki-key ga mafita cewa an gabatar a cikin nau'i na lambobi, tãyar da su da ikon na biyu. A lokuta inda shi wajibi ne su aiwatar da sauran mafita, daga wannan nau'i na rikodin yanke da amfani kawai tsakiyar rabo. A sakamakon haka, da daya mataki-key da aka adana. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan lamba range fara code ba sifili. Canjawa zuwa kayyade darajar. A lokacin data aiki a kan bugun jini generated da cinyewa rabin na bambanci tsakanin na farko da kuma rage ƙuduri.

Ƙaddamarwa da wani fractional lambar a binary gyarawa-aya key

A cikin tsari, dole mu yi aiki ba kawai dukkan lambobin amma kuma fractional. Irin wannan lambobi za a iya rubuta da kai tsaye, kishiya da kuma ƙarin lambobin. da shiri na ambata key manufa ne guda a matsayin cewa daga cikin dukan. Har yanzu muna tsammanin cewa binary ma'ana dole ne a dama da LSB. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba. Yana za a iya located a kan hagu, kuma mafi muhimmanci bit (a cikin wannan harka, da m za a iya rubuta kawai fractional lambobi), da kuma tsakiyar m (Mixed dabi'u iya rubuta).

Misali na binary iyo-batu

Wannan nau'i ake amfani da su rikodin manyan lambobi, ko mataimakin versa - ne kadan. A matsayin misali, nisa ko Girma interstellar kwayoyin zarra da electrons. A lissafi na wadannan dabi'u zai yi amfani da wani binary code tare da manya-manyan sallama. Duk da haka, ba ma bukatar mu yi la'akari da cosmic nesa da kusa millimeter. Saboda haka, da tsari na gyarawa-batu a wannan harka shi ne wanda ya kasa aiki. Don nuna irin wannan lambobin amfani algebraic form. Wannan shi ne, yawan aka rubuta a matsayin mantissa ta tara da goma ga ikon nuna da ake so domin lambar. Don Allah ku yi sani cewa mantissa dole ba zama mafi girma daga daya, kuma bayan da gidan goma batu kamata ba za a rubuta da sifili.

yana da ban sha'awa

An yi imani da cewa binary ilimin lissafi da aka ƙirƙira a cikin farkon 18th karni lissafi Gottfried Leibniz a Jamus. Duk da haka, kamar yadda masana kimiyya sun gano kwanan nan, tun kafin wannan da mazauni na Polynesian tsibirin Mangareva don amfani da wannan irin ilmin lissafi. Duk da cewa mulkin mallaka kusan gama halakar da asali Ƙidayar tsarin, da masu bincike a mayar da hadaddun binary da kuma gidan goma iri asusun. Bugu da kari, da fahimi masanin kimiyya Nunez ikirarin cewa binary code coding aka yi amfani da zamanin d Sin har da baya a matsayin 9th karni BC. e. Sauran tsoho wayewar kamar Maya kuma yi amfani da hadadden hade gidan goma da binary tsarin for tracking lokaci ramummuka da astronomical events.