Biography da kuma ayyuka da Glinka (takaice). Glinka ayyukan

Creativity M. I. Glinki alama wani sabon tarihi mataki na ci gaba da m al'ada - wani classic. Da ya gudanar ya hada da mafi kyau Turai trends da kasa hadisai. Hankali ya kamata a ba duk da kerawa Glinka. Takaice shi kamar haka duk nau'o'i a cikin abin da ya yi aiki fruitfully. Da fari dai, shi ne ya wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Sun yi tsiwirwirinsu babban muhimmanci kamar yadda gaskiya sake da jaruntakar events na shekarun baya. Ya songs suna cike da matsananci nishaɗi da kyakkyawa. Symphonic ayyukansu halin da wuce yarda da wasan kwaikwayo. A jama'a song Glinka bude wani zama tushen shayari da halitta mai gaske mulkin demokra kasa art.

Kerawa da kuma biografiya Glinka. Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Haife May 20, 1804. Ya ciyar da yara a kauyen Novospassky. Bright da kuma tuna a rayuwa kwaikwayo sun tatsuniyoyi da songs na nas Avdotya Ivanovna. Koyaushe janyo hankalin da sauti na karrarawa, wanda ya zarar ya fara kwaikwaya a kan jan daruna. Ya zarar ya fara karanta kuma ya na bincike da yanayi. Tagomashi shafi karatu na wani tsohon edition na "A tafiyarsu a general." Yana taso da babban amfani a cikin tafiya, labarin kasa, zane da kuma music. Kafin shigar da daraja jirgin da ya yi darussa a kan biyano kuma da sauri nasara a cikin wannan da wuya al'amarin.

A cikin hunturu 1817 ya aka aika zuwa makarantar kwana a St. Petersburg, inda ya shafe shekaru hudu. Ya yi karatu a Bema kuma Field ta. Rayuwa da Works ta Glinka a cikin lokaci daga 1823 zuwa 1830 sun kasance sosai m. Daga 1824 ziyarci Caucasus, inda ya yi aiki har sai 1828 Mataimakin Sakataren Communications. Daga 1819 zuwa 1828 ne lokaci-lokaci ziyarci 'yan qasar Novospasskoye. Bayan samun sani sabon abokai a St. Petersburg (Yushkov kuma D. Demidov). A wannan lokacin, ya halitta da farko songs. Su ne:

• Elegy "Kada ka fitine ni," a cikin kalmomi Baratynsky.
• "Poor Singer" a cikin kalmomi na Zhukovsky.
• "Ina son ku, ku kiyaye ce mini" da "sumbace ni mai zafi," da kalmomin Korsak.

Rubuta piano guda, ya sa na farko ƙoƙari na rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo na "A Life ga Tsar".

Da farko tafiya kasashen waje

A 1830, ya tafi zuwa ƙasar Italiya, yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Jamus. Shi ne ya fara tafiya kasashen waje. Ya tafi a nan, don inganta kiwon lafiya da kuma ji dadin da suke kewaye da yanayi unexplored kasar. A sakamakon kwarewa ba shi da abu don Gabas scenes na opera "Ruslan da Lyudmila". A Italiya ta kasance kafin 1833, ya yafi a Milan.

Rayuwa da Works ta Glinka a cikin wannan kasa ci gaba nasarar, da sauƙi, kuma ta halitta. A nan ne ya sani da zane-zane K. Bryullov, Moscow Farfesa S. Shevyryaevym. Composers - tare da Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz da sauransu. Milan da Rikkordi ya buga wasu daga cikin ayyukansa.

A 1831-1832 ya haɗa a biyu serenades, yawan songs, Italiyanci cavatina, sextet a key E Flat Major. A aristocratic da'irori ya aka sani da Maestro russo.

A watan Yuli 1833, ya tafi zuwa Vienna, sa'an nan ciyarwa game da watanni shida a Berlin. Ga ya wadãtar da su fasaha da ilmi tare da shahararrun contrapuntist Z. Dehn. Daga baya, a karkashin shugabancinsa, ya rubuta, "Rasha Symphony". A wannan lokaci, mawaki iyawa tasowa. Glinka kerawa zama mafi free daga rinjayar wani, shi a cikinta samar da mafi m. A cikin "Memoirs" ya ɗauka, cewa duk da wannan lokaci da ya ke nema masa hanya da kuma style. Fata ya gida, tunani game da abin da ya rubuta a cikin Rasha.

makõma take

A cikin bazara na 1834 Michael ya isa a Novospasskoye. Ya yi tunani a je kasashen waje a sake ba, amma yanke shawarar da ya zauna a cikin ƙasar haihuwarmu. A lokacin rani na 1834 aika zuwa Moscow. Ya gana a nan tare da Melgunov da kuma maido tsohon sani da m da kuma wallafe-wallafen da'irori. Daga cikin su Aksakov Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. Glinka yanke shawarar kirkiro Rasha kasa wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Ya dauki sama da romantic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Marina Garka" (Zhukovsky a kan mãkirci). mawaki shirin da aka ba a aiwatar, da shaci bai isa mu.

A cikin fall na 1834 ya zo a St. Petersburg, inda ya halarci wallafe-wallafen da amateurish clubs. Zhukovsky da zarar ya sa shi ya dauki labarin "Ivan Susanin". A wannan lokaci, composing irin songs, "Kada kiran shi sama," "Kada ku ce, soyayya za su wuce," "kawai na san ku," "Ina nan Inesilla". A cikin sirri rai ya faru a babban taron - da aure. A lokaci guda ya zama sha'awar rubuce-rubuce na Rasha wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Personal abubuwan rinjayi da aikin Glinka, musamman da music da ya operas. Da farko, da mawaki yi nufin rubuta wani cantata hada uku zane-zane. Farko da za a kira Karkara scene, na biyu - da Polish uku - grand na karshe. Amma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Zhukovsky ya kafa wani ban mamaki opera kunshi biyar ayyukan.

A farko na "Life ga Tsar" ya faru Nuwamba 27, 1836 W. Odoyevski yaba shi. Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I ya ga shi Glinka zobe for 4000 rubles. A 'yan watanni baya ya nada shi a matsayin bandmaster. A 1839, domin da yawa dalilai Glinka murabus. A wannan lokacin, ci gaba da hayayyafa aiki. Glinka Mihail Ivanovich rubuta da wadannan abun da ke ciki: "Night farati", "Arewa Star", wani scene daga "Ivan Susanin". Yana aka dauka a matsayin wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo dangane da labarin "Ruslan da Ludmila" a kan shawara na Shakhovsky. A watan Nuwamba, 1839 saki daga matarsa. A lokacin da rayuwar wani "wa" (1839-1841) halitta mai yawan songs. Opera "Ruslan da Lyudmila" wani dogon-jiran taron, tikitoci da aka sayar fita a gaba. A farko ya faru a ranar 27.11.1842 shekara. Nasarar da aka mai ban mamaki. Bayan 53 wakilci opera tsaya sa. A mawaki yanke shawarar cewa ya halitta ne underestimated, kuma ya zo apathy. Glinka ta m dakatar for a shekara.

Tafiya zuwa m kasashe

A lokacin rani na 1843 ya tafiya ta Jamus zuwa Paris, inda ya zauna har sai da bazara na 1844.

Sabunta haihuwa idon sani, da abokai da Berlioz. Glinka aka sha'awar da ayyukansa. Ya aka nazarin shirin aiki. A Paris, shi kula da dangantakar abokantaka tare da Merimee, Hertz, Châteauneuf da kuma wasu masu zane-zane da kuma marubuta. Sa'an nan, ya ziyarci Spain, inda na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya kasance a Andalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. Ya rubuta cewa "Aragon Hoth." Ga shi daukan hutu daga latsa matsaloli na St. Petersburg. Shan yawo a kusa da Spain, Mikhail Ivanovich tattara jama'a da raye-raye, rubuta su saukar a wani littafin. Wasu daga cikin su kafa tushen da samfurin "Night a Madrid". Daga cikin haruffa Glinka zama na fili cewa a Spain ya aka Allaha zuciya da ruhi, inda ya na zaune sosai.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A watan Yuli 1847, ya koma kasarsa. Ya na zaune a wani lokaci Novospasskoe. Mihaila Glinki kerawa a wannan lokaci tare da sabunta kuzari. Ya rubuta da dama piano guda, song "Ka nan da sannu zã a manta da ni," da sauransu. A cikin bazara na 1848 aika zuwa Warsaw, kuma rayu a nan har da kaka. Ya rubuta cewa ga ƙungiyar makaɗa "Kamarinskaya", "Dare a Madrid" romances. A watan Nuwamba 1848 ya zo a St. Petersburg inda rashin lafiya duk hunturu.

A cikin bazara na 1849 sake tafiya zuwa Warsaw, ya zauna can har faduwar 1851. A watan Yuli wannan shekarar ba shi da lafiya, ya karbi bakin ciki labarin rasuwar mahaifiyarsa. A watan Satumba, koma zuwa St. Petersburg, ta na zaune tare da 'yar'uwarta, L. Shestakova. Ya rubuta cewa musamman rare. A watan Mayu na 1852 ya ke zuwa Paris da kuma shi ne a nan har May 1854. Daga 1854-1856 rayukansu a St. Petersburg da ta 'yar'uwarsa. Shi ne m na Rasha singer D. Leonova. Domin ta kide halitta shirye-shirye. Afrilu 27, 1856, ya tafi zuwa Berlin, inda ya zaunar gaba da Dan. Kowace rana zai zo ya ziyarci shi, da kuma ya jagoranci azuzuwan ga wani sauki style. Creativity M. I. Glinki iya ci gaba. Amma da yamma Janairu 9, 1857, ya kama wani sanyi. Fabrairu 3 Mikhail mutu.

Mene ne} ir} Glinka?

M. I. Glinka halitta Rasha style a music. Shi ne na farko mawaki a Rasha, wanda ya koma tare da song sito (Rasha jama'a) music kayan aiki (wannan ya shafi launin waƙa, jituwa, launi da kuma counterpoint). Glinka mawaki qunshi Creation haske isasshen samfurori irin wannan shirin. Wannan shi ne ya kasa m wasan kwaikwayo "Life ga Tsar", wani almara wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Ruslan da Lyudmila". A matsayin misali na Rasha symphonic style za a iya kira "Kamarinskaya", "Prince Kholmsk", overtures da interludes ga duka ya operas. Ya songs ne sosai m samfurori da lyrical da kuma ban mamaki magana da song. Glinka ne na gaskiya, dauke da wani classic master of duniya muhimmancin.

symphonic ayyukansu

Domin ƙungiyar makaɗa ta mawaki halitta mai karamin yawan kayayyakin. Amma su rawar da ya haka muhimmanci cewa su suna dauke da kafuwar Rasha gargajiya taron makada a cikin tarihi na music. Kusan duk kasance a cikin salo na fantasy ko daya-kashi overtures. "Aragon Jota", "Waltz Fantasy", "Kamarinskaya," "Sarkin Chelm" da kuma "Night a Madrid" sun dauki symphonic ayyuka da Glinka. Mawaki sabon ci gaba ka'idojin aza.

Babban fasali na symphonic overture:

• Availability.
• A manufa na wani kowa yana da software.
• Musamman siffar.
• Brevity, conciseness na siffofin.
• Dangane da sauran m ganewa.

Glinka ta symphonic ayyukan da halin P. Tchaikovsky, gwada "Kamarinskaya" tare da itacen oak da ɗan itacen oak. Ya jaddada cewa, a cikin wannan aiki da dukan Rasha symphonic makaranta.

Opera mawaki al'adunmu

"Ivan Susanin" ( "Life ga Tsar") da kuma "Ruslan da Ludmilla" by Glinka up operatic oeuvre. A farko wasar kwaikwayo ta waka - a kasa m wasan kwaikwayo. An lauye da dama nau'o'i. Da fari dai, wannan jaruntakar almara wasar kwaikwayo ta waka (abubuwan tarihin da a 1612 ne a cikin zuciya na mãkirci). Na biyu, shi ya ƙunshi fasali na almara wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, lyrical kuma m wasanin kwaikwayo da kuma jama'a music. Idan "Ivan Susanin" ya ci gaba da Turai trends, da "Ruslan da Lyudmila" shi ne wani sabon nau'in wasan kwaikwayo - almara.

Yana da aka rubuta a 1842. The masu sauraro ba zai yaba da shi, shi ya ba bayyana a cikin rinjaye. Stasov kasance daya daga cikin 'yan sukar wanda ya lura da muhimmancin ga dukkan Rasha music al'adu. Ya jaddada cewa shi ne, ba kawai a bad wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, wani sabon nau'in wasan kwaikwayo, gaba daya ba a sani ba. Features na opera "Ruslan da Lyudmila":

• Unhurried ci gaba.
• A rashin kai tsaye rikici.
• Romantic nufi - da kuma m zane-zane.

Songs da Romances

Glinka vocal ayyukan halitta da mawaki cikin rayuwa. Ya rubuta fiye da 70 songs. Su farin wani iri-iri na ji .. Love, bakin ciki, ruhaniya turu, tashin hankali, cizon yatsa, da dai sauransu Wasu daga cikin su wanda aka nuna a hoto na rayuwa da kuma yanayi. Glinka batun duk wani nau'i na yau da kullum da romance. Wannan Ballad, "Rasha Song" Serenade, Elegy. Yana maida hankali ne akan iyalinsa kuma irin raye-raye a matsayin Waltz, polka da mazurka. Mawaki yana nufin da Genre, wanda aka halin da music of sauran mutane. Barcarolle ne Italiyanci da kuma wani Spanish bolero. Siffofin romances quite bambancin: uku-kashi, wani sauki couplet, hadaddun tilawa. Glinka vocal ayyukansu sun hada da ayoyin ashirin kasida. Da ya gudanar ya kai a music fasali na poetic harshen kowane marubuci. Babban hanyar aikewa da yawa songs ne melodious tune na fadi numfashi. Babban rawa da fiyano part. Kusan duk songs suna zuwa, suna gabatar a cikin yanayi na mataki da kuma kafa da yanayi. Very sane da irin romances da Glinka, kamar:

• "Desire ne a wuta a cikin jini."
• "Skylark".
• "The wucewa song."
• "Shakka."
• "Na tuna wani ban mamaki lokacin."
• "Kada ka fitine ni."
• "Za ku ji manta da ni nan da nan."
• "Kada ka ce cewa ciwo da zuciya."
• "Kada ku raira waƙa, ta kyakkyawa, tare da ni."
• "LURA".
• "Night farati".
• "Tunawa".
• "Don ta."
• "Ina nan Inesilla".
• "Oh, kana da dare a can, The Night".
• "A wani lokaci na rayuwa da wuya."

Bẽne, instrumental kerawa Glinka (takaice)

A Firayim misali na instrumental gungu ne mai babbar aikin for piano da kirtani quintet Glinka. Wannan shi ne mai ban mamaki divertissement dangane da sanannen Bellini ta opera "La Sonnambula". New tsare-tsaren su da manufofin suna aiwatuwa a biyu jam'iyya was: "Grand Sextet" da "Trio Pathetique". Kuma ko da yake a cikin wadannan aiki a hankali na dogara a kan Italian hadisin, su ne quite rarrabe da asali. A cikin "Sextet" akwai wani mai arziki launin waƙa thematism taimako, siriri form. Wannan gungu concert irin. A wannan aikin, Glinka kokarin kai da kyau na Italian karkara. "Trio" - kishiyar na farko gungu. Halinsa ne ciki da juyayi.

Jam'iyya music of Glinka ƙwarai wadãtar da sharhin na yin violinists, pianists, Viola, clarinet. Jam'iyya was jawo hankalin sauraro m zurfin m tunani, iri-iri na launi-dabarbari, naturalness melodic numfashi.

ƙarshe

Musical kerawa Glinka hadawa da mafi kyau Turai trends da kasa hadisai. The sunan mawaki hade da wani sabon mataki a cikin tarihi na ci gaban m art, wanda ake kira "classic". Glinka ta kerawa rufe daban-daban nau'o'i da cewa sun dauka su wuri a cikin tarihi na Rasha music kuma cancanci hankalin dalibai da kuma masu bincike. Kowane daga cikin operas ya buɗe wani sabon nau'in wasan kwaikwayo. "Ivan Susanin" - a kasa m drama cewa hadawa daban-daban fasali. "Ruslan da Lyudmila" - a aljanna-labari almara wasar kwaikwayo ta waka ba tare da share-yanke rikice-rikice. Yana tasowa sannu a hankali, kuma a asirce. Shi ne muhimmi kwanyarsa da kuma hoto. Ya operas yi tsiwirwirinsu babban muhimmanci kamar yadda gaskiya sake da jaruntakar events na shekarun baya. Symphonic ayyukan rubuta bit. Duk da haka, sun kasance iya ba kawai ya faranta masu sauraro, amma kuma zama mai real kadari da kuma kafuwar Rasha taron makada, kamar yadda shi ne muhimmi a wuce yarda da wasan kwaikwayo.

Vocal ayyukan mawaki yana da game da 70 ayyukansu. Su ne duk kyakkyawa da kuma dadi. Su farin wani iri-iri motsin zuciyarmu, da kuma juyayinsu moods. Suna cike da musamman kyakkyawa. Mawaki yana nufin daban-daban nau'o'i da kuma siffofin. Amma ga jam'iyya-instrumental ayyukansu, suna kuma bai isa ba. Duk da haka, rawar da suka taka shi ne babu kasa mai muhimmanci. Sun hadu ne da sabon Yin repertoire cancantar samfurori.