Biosystem - shi ... A jikin matsayin biosystem

Biosystems - wani hadadden cibiyar sadarwa na ilimin dacewa kungiyoyin, daga duniya to sub-atomic. Wannan ya nuna a na ra'ayi hoto na mahara kiwo tsarin a cikin yanayi - alƙarya da kwayoyin, gabobin da kyallen takarda. A micro- da nanoscopic sikelin tsarin ne misalai na nazarin halittu Kwayoyin, da wasu gabbansa, macromolecular gidaje da kuma tsara tafarkin.

The jiki a matsayin biosystem

A ilmin halitta, kwayoyin ne wani contiguous rai tsarin, tare da dabbobi, da shuke-shuke, fungi, protists ko kwayoyin. Duk aka sani daban na halittu a Duniya sami damar wasu har zuwa amsa ga samuwar kasashe, sake fitarwa, girma, halittu farfadowa da kai-tsara (homeostasis).

Kwayoyin kamar yadda biosystem kunshi da daya ko fiye Kwayoyin. Mai guda-celled kwayoyin ne a microscopic sikelin kuma, sabili da haka, ya kasance a cikin kwayoyin. Mutane - shi ne kwayar kwayoyin kunshi yawa iyaka Kwayoyin harhada cikin qware tsokoki da kuma gabobin.

Riɓanya da bambancin da nazarin halittu da tsarin

An yi} iyasin da yawan zamani iri Duniya Range daga 10 zuwa miliyan 14, daga abin da kawai game da miliyan 1.2 da aka ƙa'ida rubuce.

Kalmar "kwayoyin" an kai tsaye alaka da Kalmar "kungiyar". Yana za a iya bayyana a matsayin wani taro na kwayoyin da cewa aiki a matsayin fiye ko žasa barga dukan, wanda farfado da kaddarorin rayuwa. The jiki a matsayin biosystem - shi ne wani rai tsarin, kamar wata shuka, dabba, naman gwari ko kwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya girma da kuma ninka. Banda ne da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma zai yiwu anthropogenic inorganic rayuwa siffofin, saboda sun dogara ne a kan biochemical inji na rundunar cell.

A jikin mutum a matsayin biosystem

A jikin mutum za a iya kira biosystem. Shi ne da totality of duk gabobin. Jikinmu ake yi har na wani yawan nazarin halittu da tsarin da cewa yin takamaiman ayyuka zama dole ga rayuwar yau da kullum.

• The aiki na Sistem sakulasan ne sistem don matsawa da jini, na gina jiki, oxygen, carbon dioxide da hormones zuwa gabobin da kyallen takarda. Ya kunshi da zuciya, jini, jini, jijiyoyi da kuma jijiyoyinmu.
• Narkewa kamar tsarin kunshi jerin alaka jikinsu, wanda tare da damar jiki zuwa sha da nike abinci, kazalika da tsunduma a sharar gida management. Yana hada da bakinka, esophagus, ciki, kananan hanji, ciwon, dubura da kuma dubura. Hanta da kuma pancreas kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin narkewa kamar tsarin, saboda sun nuna narkewa kamar juices.
• A endocrine tsarin da aka yi sama da guda takwas manyan gland cewa asirce hormones a cikin jini. Wadannan hormones, bi da bi, tafiya zuwa daban-daban tsokoki da kuma tsara daban-daban jikin ayyuka.
• Na rigakafi da tsarin shi ne jiki ta tsaro da ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka da kuma sauran cutarwa pathogens. Yana hada da Lymph nodes, saifa, bargo, farin jini Kwayoyin da lymphocytes.
• A lymphatic tsarin hada Lymph nodes, ducts da jini, ta kuma ma taka wata rawa kamar yadda jiki ta defenses. Its main haƙiƙa - shi ne ta samar da kuma matsawa Lymph, bayyananne ruwa dauke da farin jini Kwayoyin cewa taimaka jiki yaki kamuwa da cuta. A lymphatic tsarin kuma ta kawar da wuce haddi lymphatic ruwa daga jikin kyallen takarda da kuma dawo da shi zuwa ga jini.
• Juyayi tsarin iko duka biyu son rai (misali, wani m motsi) da kuma involuntary ayyuka (misali, numfasawa), da kuma aika sakonni zuwa wasu sassa na jiki. A tsakiya m tsarin hada kwakwalwa da kuma laka. A gefe m tsarin kunshi jijiyoyi da cewa gama kowane sashi na jiki zuwa tsakiya m tsarin.
• A murdede tsarin na jiki da aka hada da game da 650 tsokoki, wanda taimaka a cikin motsi, wurare dabam dabam da kuma cika da dama sauran jiki ayyuka.

• Haihuwa tsarin damar mutane su haifa. Men ta haihuwa tsarin hada da azzakari kuma testes, wanda samar da maniyyi. The mata haihuwa tsarin kunshi cikin farji, mahaifa da ovaries. A lokacin ɗaukar ciki, maniyyi fis tare da kwai, wanda halitta wani kwan da ya hadu, wanda ke tsiro a cikin mahaifa.
• Jikinmu suna da goyan bayan da kwarangwal tsarin, kunsha na 206 ƙasũsuwa, wanda suna da alaka tendons, jijiyoyin da guringuntsi. Kwarangwal ba kawai ya taimaka mana mu motsa, amma an ma hannu a samar da maikacin jini, da alli ajiya. Hakora ne ma ɓangare na kwarangwal tsarin, amma ba su ƙidaya ƙasũsuwa.
• A numfashi tsarin ne iya samun m oxygen da kuma cire carbon dioxide a wani tsari da muka kira numfashi. Ya kunshi yafi na trachea, huhu da kuma diaphragm.
• A urinary tsarin taimaka wajen kawar da sharar gida samfurin kira urea daga jiki. Ya kunshi biyu kodan, biyu ureters, mafitsara, mafitsara da kuma biyu sphincter tsokoki. Fitsari aka samar da kodan, aka koma saukar da ureters cikin mafitsara da kuma kofofi jiki ta hanyar mafitsara.
• A fata ne mafi girma a sashin jiki na jikin mutum. Yana kāre mu daga waje duniya, ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka da kuma sauran pathogens, kazalika da taimakawa, wajen tsara yanayin jiki da kuma kawar da sharar gida ta hanyar gumi. Bugu da kari a cikin fata, da integumentary tsarin hada da gashi kuma kusoshi.

muhimmanci gabobin

A cikin mutane, akwai biyar muhimmanci gabobin, wanda suke bukata don su rayu. Yana da kwakwalwa, zuciya, kodoji, hanta da kuma huhu.

• The mutum kwakwalwa ne iko cibiyar na jiki, samun da yada sakonni zuwa wasu gabobin ta hanyar da juyayi tsarin da kuma ta hanyar da secreted ji ba gani. Shi ne da alhakin tunanin mu, ji, tunanin da janar ji na duniya.
• A zuciyar ɗan adam ne ke da alhakin yin famfo jini cikin jikin mu.
• Aiki kodan ne a cire sharar gida da kuma karin ruwaye daga jini.
• A hanta yana da yawa ayyuka, ciki har da detoxification na cutarwa da sinadarai, da rushewar magunguna jini tacewa, mugunya bile kuma samar da sunadari ga jini clotting.
• Huhu ne da alhakin kau da oxygen daga iska da muke shaka da kuma canja wurin shi a cikin jini, inda shi za a iya aika zuwa mu Kwayoyin. Huhu kuma cire carbon dioxide da cewa mu exhale.

fun facts

• A jikin mutum ya ƙunshi game da 100 sel tiriliyan.
• A talakawan adult ya aikata wani 20,000 breaths kowace rana.
• Kowace rana game da 200 buds aka bi quartile (50 galan) na jini zuwa tace fitar game da 2 quarts na ruwa da kuma sharar gida.
• Adult mutane emit game da kwata da rabi (1.42 lita) na fitsari a kowace rana.
• The mutum kwakwalwa ƙunshi game da biliyan 100 jijiya Kwayoyin.
• Ruwa da ke sa har fiye da kashi 50% na nauyin da ya fara tasawa jikin mutum.

Me jiki kira biosystem?

A zaune kwayoyin ne a wani shiri na rai al'amari. Shi ne biosystem, wanda, kamar wani tsarin, qunshi juna abubuwa, kamar kwayoyin, Kwayoyin, tsokoki, gabobin. Duk abin a cikin wannan duniya daga wani abu ne m matsayi muhimmi kuma mai rai kwayoyin. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwayoyin an hada da Kwayoyin, daga Kwayoyin - nama daga nama - gawawwakin da gabobin - Gabar tsarin. Kadarorin Biosystems kuma sun hada da zargin, wanda ke nufin bayyanar ingancin sabon fasali, a lokacin da hada abubuwa ne ba kuma ba a nan daga baya matakan.

Cell a matsayin biosystem

A guda cell kuma za a iya kira da cikakken biosystem. Wannan shi ne ainihin naúrar na wanda yana da tsari da kuma metabolism. Shi ne iya zama a kan da kansa, kuma ya mayar da kansu da kuma samar da nasu dokokin. A ilmin halitta, akwai dukan sashe sadaukar domin ta nazari, da ake kira cytology da salula ilmin halitta.

Cage - wani na farko rai tsarin, wanda ya hada da mutum aka gyara da cewa suna da takamaiman halaye da kuma gudanar da wani nauyi.

hadadden tsarin

Biosystem kunshi guda irin mai rai al'amari daga macromolecules da kuma yawan jama'ar da Kwayoyin da al'amarin. Yana yana da wadannan matakan da kungiyar:

• gene matakin.
• salula matakin.
• gabobin da kuma sashin jiki da tsarin.
• kwayoyin da tsarin.
• yawan jama'a da kuma yawan tsarin.
• al'ummomi da kuma al'amarin.

Halittu aka gyara daga cikin daban-daban matakan da kungiyar a wani domin hulɗa tare da matattun yanayi, da makamashi da kuma sauran abiotic aka gyara da kuma abubuwa. Dangane da sikelin, daban-daban tsarin ne batun da dama tarbiyya. Kwayoyin halittu da hannu a halittar jini, cell cytology la'akari. Gawan daukan kan Physiology. Ichthyology karatu kwayoyin, ilimin, ornithology, Anthropology da sauransu.