Kwayar kwayoyin: shuke-shuke da dabbobi

Duk da bambancin da guda-celled, mafi hadaddun kwayoyin masu yawa mafi sani ga mutum. Su wakilci mafi girma a kungiyar, wanda ya hada da fiye da rabin miliyan jinsuna. All kwayar kwayoyin da wasu halaye da na kowa, amma a lokaci guda sosai daban-daban. Saboda haka, ka yi la'akari da kudin raba mulkoki, kuma a cikin akwati na dabbobi - da kuma azuzuwan.

Common Properties

Babban alama raba unicellular da kwayar kwayoyin, shi ne mai aikin bambanci. Yana tashi a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta. A sakamakon wani hadadden jiki Kwayoyin fara kware a hada yadudduka. A sauki amfani ne kawai daya ga dukan zama dole ayyuka. A wannan gargajiya shuke-shuke da kuma fungi lissafta dabam kamar yadda dabbobi da shuka Kwayoyin ma da gagarumin bambanci. Amma su ma, ya kamata a dauka a cikin asusun a cikin binciken na topic. Ya bambanta da sauki, suka ko da yaushe kunshi yawa Kwayoyin, yawa daga abin da nasu ayyuka.

aji dabbobi masu shayarwa

Hakika, mafi yawan sanannun kwayar kwayoyin - dabbobi. Daga cikin wadannan, bi da bi, alama dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan sosai tsari aji na chordates, wanda ya hada da hudu da rabi dubu jinsunan. Its wakilan hadu a wani yanayi - a kan ƙasar, a gona, a sabo da gishiri ruwa, a cikin iska. Abũbuwan amfãni daga kwayar kwayoyin na da irin wannan kan wasu a cikin wata rikitarwa na'ura jiki. An raba kai, wuyansa, kuma jiki, biyu daga gaban da Hind kafafu da kuma wutsiya. Saboda da musamman tsari na jiki da kafafu tãyar da sama da ƙasa, da barin gudun motsi. Dukansu suna da basira da kauri da kuma na roba fata saliha da gumi, m, odorous da kuma nono. Dabbobi suna da babban kwanyar da hadaddun musculature. Akwai phrenic musamman bangare kira da diaphragm. Peculiar dabba halaye na sufuri sun hada da daban-daban ayyukan - daga tafiya zuwa hawa. A zuciya na da hudu da bẽnãye, kuma samar da jijiya jinin dukan gabobin da kyallen takarda. Amfani ga numfashi huhu, to haskaka - kodan. Kwakwalwa kunshi biyar sassan da mahara cerebral hemispheres da cerebellum.

aji tsuntsaye

Amsawa da kwayoyin - kwayar, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ma maganar tsuntsãye. Wannan sosai shirya dumin jiki halittun iya tashi. Akwai fiye da dubu tara na zamani nau'in. The darajar da kwayar kwayoyin irin wannan aji ne wuce yarda high, kamar yadda su ne da ya fi na kowa, kuma ta haka shiga a cikin tattalin arziki da ayyukan da mutane da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayi. Daga sauran halittu tsuntsaye bambanta da dama na asali Properties. Sun streamlined jiki da forelegs, suka sāke a cikin fuka-fuki da wutsiya, wanda ake amfani da matsayin tallafi. Birds bambanta bushe fata ba tare da gland tare da jaraba tsarin da aka sani da gashinsa. Kwarangwal na bakin ciki da kuma m, tare da iska cavities, samar da lightness. A murdede tsarin samar da ikon tafiya, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa, yana tsalle, iyo, da hawa da kuma iri biyu jirgin - tashin gwauron zabi da kuma flapping. Mai jinsin su ne iya tafiya mai nisa. Birds da babu hakora da kuma shi ne, akwai wani mai goiter, da kuma tsoka sashen, kara abinci. A tsarin da harshen da baki dogara a kan abinci specialization.

aji dabbobi masu rarrafe

Yana da daraja ambata, da kuma irin wannan halittun da ke wakiltar kwayar kwayoyin. Animals wannan aji kasance na farko da terrestrial vertabrate. A lokacin, akwai game da dubu shida jinsunan. Dabbobi masu rarrafe fata bushe da rasa gland, shi rufe da jaraba Layer, wanda zo saukar daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a lokacin moulting. M ossified kwarangwal bambanta karfafa kafada da pelvic abin ɗamara, kazalika da ci gaba da karankarman ƙirji da kuma kirji. Narkewa kamar fili da dogon isa kuma a fili bambanta, da abinci da aka kama ta amfani da jaws tare da kaifi hakora. Numfashi haske gabatar da manyan surface, trachea da bronchi. The zuciya ne zuwa kashi uku bẽnãye. Jiki zafin jiki ne m mazauninsu. Hukumomi suna allocating kodan da kuma mafitsara. Ciki hadi, qwai suna aza a kan kasa da kuma kare ta a leathery ko harsashi-harsashi.

aji halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Enumerating kwayar kwayoyin, yana da daraja ambata, da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Wannan rukuni na dabbobi ne tartsatsi, musamman na kowa a cikin dumi da kuma gumi sauyin yanayi. Sun ƙware da terrestrial yanayi, amma suna da dangantaka ta kai tsaye da ruwa. Ya faru halittar dabba mai kafafuwa daga Crossopterygii. amphibian ta jiki ne daban-daban lebur siffar da kuma rabuwa da kai, jiki, da kuma nau'i-nau'i biyu na wata gabar jiki da biyar yatsunsu. Wasu ma da wutsiya. Thin fata ne halin da jam'i na mucous gland. A kwarangwal aka hada da wani jam'i na guringuntsi. Tsokoki da damar ka ka yi wani iri-iri na ƙungiyoyi. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna da yara, abinci ne narkewar ciki. numfashi gabobin ne da fata da kuma huhu. The larvae ne gills. Uku gidajen zuciya tare da biyu wurare dabam dabam - da irin wannan tsarin ne sau da yawa daban-daban kwayar kwayoyin. Suna amfani ga kodan. Hadi ne na waje, na faruwa a ruwa, da ci gaba da faruwa da metamorphosis.

A ajin na kwari

Unicellular da kwayar kwayoyin, ba kalla ma ya bambanta da wani abin mamaki iri-iri. Wannan irin hada da kwari. Shi ne mafi yawa aji - shi ya hada fiye da miliyan daya jinsin. Kwaro siffofi da ikon tashi da kuma high motsi, wanda aka bayar musculature da jointed kafafu. The jiki maida hankali ne akan wani chitinous cuticle, cikin matsanancin Layer na wanda qunshi m abubuwa da kare kwayoyin daga desiccation, UV haske da lalacewa. Daban-daban mouthparts rage gasar iri cewa ba ka damar ci gaba da wani babban yawan mutane. The kananan masu girma dabam ne wani karin riba ga rayuwa, kazalika da mai fadi da kewayon hanyoyi na haifuwa - parthenogenetic, bisexual, larval. Wasu ma bambanta polyembryony. Numfashi samar da m gas musayar, da kuma juyayi tsarin da cikakken hankula halitta hadaddun siffofin hali saboda da gabbai.

shuka mulki

Hakika, da dabbobi ne ya fi kowa. Amma yana da daraja ambata, da kuma sauran kwayar kwayoyin - shuke-shuke. Su akwai game da ɗari uku da dubu hamsin jinsunan. Sun bambanta daga wasu kwayoyin ne da ikon gudanar da wani photosynthesis. Tsire-tsire ya zama abincinku da yawa wasu kwayoyin. Su Kwayoyin suna da m ganuwar da cellulose, kuma yana kunshe ne a cikin chlorophyll. Mai ikon zartar da aiki ƙungiyoyi. Lower tsire-tsire ba da rabuwa da ganye, kara, kuma tushen. Green algae rayuwa a cikin ruwa da kuma na iya zama daban-daban daga cikin tsari da kuma kiwo hanyoyin. Brown yi via photosynthesis fucoxanthin. Red algae ake samu ko da a zurfin mita 200. Lichens - wadannan Subkingdom. Su ne mafi muhimmanci a cikin ƙasa samuwar, da kuma an yi amfani da magani, kayan shafawa da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. Higher shuke-shuke suna bambanta da gaban ganye, tushen da kuma mai tushe. A mafi m - mosses. A mafi ɓullo da - da itatuwa da za su iya zama flowering, di- ko monocots da conifers.

Mulkin fungi

Wajibi ne a je ga karshen irin, wanda zai iya zama wani Multi-salon salula kwayoyin. Namomin kaza hada siffofin duka biyu shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Akwai fiye da mutum ɗari da dubu jinsunan. A bambancin da kwayar kwayoyin Kwayoyin bayyana mafi fili a cikin namomin kaza - suna iya haifa ta hanyar spores, haduwa bitamin da kuma ci gaba har yanzu, amma a lokaci guda kamar yadda dabbobi zai iya ci heterotrophically ba gudanar da wani photosynthesis kuma suna chitin, wanda kuma an samu a cikin arthropod.