Birthrate

Yawan girma a kasar mai yiwuwa ne su biyu ta inganta haihuwa da kuma mace-mace, da kuma saboda hijirarsa tafiyar matakai. A karshen factor ba za a dauke. Tsakanin yawan girma da kuma ta haifuwa akwai kamance da kuma bambance-bambance. A karshen ƙunshi a gaskiyar cewa mutane za su iya ci gaba da girma, da kuma ta haifuwa riga ya fara rage, da kuma mataimakin versa - da yawan jama'a na iya rage, da kuma ta haifuwa a lokaci guda - fadada.

A halin yanzu, daga cikin gida da masana, demographers, rayayye tattauna batun na da rawar da mace-mace da kuma haihuwa a haifuwa, na yawan jama'ar , a} asar. Wanne factor na biyu ba a sama, yana da rinjaye? Abin da sun fi mayar da kayyade ƙari kuma ci gaban na yawan? A kan abin da matsala ya kamata kula da fari - da low haihuwa kudi da kuma gwada da high mace-mace kudi?

Nazarin na zamani Rasha masana kimiyya-demographers nuna cewa rawa a yau, ko da yake quite high, mace-mace a cikin canji na haifuwa ne in mun gwada low. Hakika, wanda ba zai iya downplay rawar da gwagwarmaya tare da high rates na mace-mace a kasar. Amma darajar su alƙaluma ne kananan. Yau, babban factor cewa yana da mafi tasiri a kan alƙaluma nan gaba kasar mu ne adadin haihuwa.

Matsalar kara haihuwa kudi a kasar ne quite m. Daya daga cikin key Manuniya na alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki - jimlar haihuwa kudi, ayyana ta da rabo daga cikin yawan haihuwa a cikin shekara da adadin yawan jama'a a daidai wannan lokacin dubu yawan jama'a. Menene wannan adadi? A haihuwa kudi wajibi ne ga wani mafi m kima na alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki, domin shiri na Kidaya da sauran. Wasu daga cikin wadannan Manuniya. Wannan kowa, ba wani daya factor. Wannan dukan kungiyar dalilai bincikar a cikin hadaddun.

A mafi yawan abin dogara nuna alama daga cikin matakin na haihuwa shi ne takin gargajiya kudi. An halin da talakawan yawan haihuwar da ta mace a kan talakawan, domin ta rayuwa. Takaitacciyar haihuwa kudi domin sauki haifuwa ba zai iya zama a kasa 2.17. Idan shi ne 4.1 ko fiye, shi - shi ne high, kuma idan kasa da 2.17 - low.

A haihuwa kudi a duniya rage daga 4,95 haihuwa a 1950 zuwa 2,56 a 2010. A wasu raya ƙasashe, wannan matakin na haihuwa ya riga a cikin 60s. Karni na 20th, kuma ta karshen karni shi ya fadi zuwa 1,57. Matsakaicin haihuwa kudi a Nijar - 7,74, da ƙaramar a Macau - 0,92.

A cewar Rosstat, a shekara ta 2009 wannan rabo a cikin kasar ne daidai 1,53. The darajar a birane yankin ya 1,41, yayin da a yankunan karkara - 1.9. A shekarar 2011, da dukan ƙasar da aka daidaita 1,61.

A haihuwa kudi a cikin gundumomi: Tsakiya - 1,41; Northwest - 1,41; Ta Kudu - 1,68; Volga - 1.50; Ural - 1,61; Siberian - 1,63; Far - 1,57.

Haihuwa rates za a iya raba musamman (namiji da mace), jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu (tarawa, shekaru, da dai sauransu).

Mafi na kowa yana dauke da na kowa:

N = n / (T * P) * 1000

T - shekaru (lokaci). P - yawan ta tsakiya na zamani (talakawan shekara-shekara yawan). n - yawan yaran da aka haifa.

Factor dogara da tsanani na haihuwa, shi zai iya ba da wani kuskure a cikin lissafi.

Special rate:

F = n / (TW) * 1000.

Total coefficient hade da musamman:

N = F * k,

to - da yawan mata 14-48 shekara, a dukan yawan. Wannan saitin jeri daga 21 zuwa 31, don haka da hikimar tantance darajar da musamman coefficient kusa da total. index matakin shi ne dogara a kan shekaru tsarin da mata 14-48 shekara. A haihuwa kudi a shekaru 14 ne kusa da sifili, daga 21 zuwa 32 da shekaru, kuma ya kai a kalla darajar sake ta halarci sifili zuwa shekaru 52. Special kudi da aka lasafta, kuma wani lokacin maza - (FM):

FM = n / (t * M) * 1000

shi ne sau da yawa a bit fiye na musamman, tun yana da shekaru 14-51 shekaru tsohon maza ne dan kadan karami fiye da mace. Tazara shekaru domin su ne, wani lokacin dauka 14-55 ko 14-58 shekaru. A irin haka ne, na musamman kudi ga maza da mata ne kwantantuwa.