Bretton Woods tsarin

A Bretton Woods tsarin da aka kafa a shekarar 1944. Its sunan zo daga wurin da taro da aka gudanar, birnin Bretton Woods. Wakilai daga kasashe daban-daban sun ƙarasa da cewa shi ne ya dace domin su tabbatar da sabawa zuwa data kasance hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Akwai ke ma shirya da lamuni na duniya IMF (IMF) a matsayin wani tsaiko na jiki alhakin aiwatar da asali arziki na tsarin.

The duniya monetary tsarin - a sa na dangantakar da sun ci gaba a sakamakon bashi, shiri da kuma sauran ma'amaloli a kan sayar da kayayyaki tsakanin kasashe daban-daban. A gabatarwar da sabon tsarin da aka za'ayi domin kafa dorewa musayar kudi, shi aka shirya don samar da elasticity na ta canji ta rage muhimmancin da zinariya misali.

A Bretton Woods monetary tsarin ne halin da wadannan ka'idodi:

• Riko da zinariya musayar misali, cewa shi ne, a matsayin kudin domin biyan tsakanin jihohin wuce da Amurka American dollar, kuma a haɗe da shi da kore Sterling da iri.
• Kiyaye zinariya parity na ago. Wannan yana nufin cewa zinariya za a iya samu a musayar takarda kudi a tsayayyen farashi.
• A gabatarwar da wani tsayayyen musayar kudi da irin halatta karkacewa a cikin adadin kashi daya.
• Tabbatar da zaman lafiyar na shakka. Aiwatar da dabaru irin matsayin revaluation da kuma ragewar darajar kuɗi, wanda aka gudanar da jihar, idan ya cancanta.
• Kuma ba shakka, halittar IMF da bankin duniya domin tallafa a aiwatar da hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen da kuma tallafawa juna da juna.

Yana da aka zaci cewa, a kasar don daidaita da musayar kudi ne babban bankin. A taron na wani ya fi karfinsu halin da ake ciki, misali, kiwon da kudi lissafi naúrar zuwa wani m digiri, ya saki zuwa kasuwar wani babban yawan ago, game da shi, rage bukatar shi. Kuma daidai da, da kuma baya da halin da ake ciki da aka lura lokacin da zai sauka.

Lokacin da za'ayi Bretton Woods taron, babban ra'ayin shi ne ya ba da jihar da yiwuwar kai-daidaita a wani hanzari canza darussa. Wannan rawar da farko bauta wa zinariya misali. Duk da haka, kwarewa ya nuna cewa tasiri na a ba matsayin da aka short-rayu, domin tun 1950 akwai aiki ci gaban da rikicin a duniya mataki.

Saboda haka, a lokacin da kudi kasuwa sharply ƙãra kudi, gwamnatin ance daya daga cikin biyu inganci zabin don magance wannan halin da ake ciki: ko dai ya dogara ne da tasiri na monetary siyasa, ko shigar da wani sabon tsayayyen farashi. Idan son na biyu hanya, akwai bukatar a canza tsarin harkokin kudi da zai hana maimaita m events a nan gaba. Matsayin mai mulkin, a lõkacin da fuskantar irin wannan matsala, gwamnati ba ta yi kuskure ya yi takamaiman zabi a cikin ni'imar ko dai zaɓi. Bayan duk, wani mataki zai kai ga wani gagarumin karuwa a yawan marasa aikin yi a kasar, abin da gwamnati ba a shirye.

A Bretton Woods monetary tsarin da aka dogara ne a kan canji a cikin shakka daga monetary raka'a, yayin da musayar kudi na zinariya ya kasance a wannan matakin a lokacin da dukan zamanin da aiki da tsarin. Yana magana game da m amfani da data kasance karfi, a matsayin zinariya ajiye aka dauke su wani abin dogara da goyon baya, saboda da darajar ba a rasa a kan lokaci.

Saboda haka, Bretton Woods tsarin aiki a cikin IMF ta kasashe mambobin kungiyar domin kusan shekaru talatin da sa ran sakamakon bai kawo. Wannan shi ne saboda gagarumin shawara, wadda aka aza a lokacin da ta kungiyar. A gaba dayan tsarin da aka gina a kan tushe na wani sansanin soja na Amurka dollar kuma karfafawa wasu ago a dangane da shi. Duk da haka, ci musayar kudi ne kawai zai iya a iya cimma ta rage tushe kudin, watau US dollar. A auka daga cikin tsarin faru saboda aiki ci gaban da hauhawar farashin kaya a matakin kasa da kasa.