Bronze - wani gami abun da ke ciki. A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na tagulla

Mutane da yawa suna sane da tagulla shi ne cewa an jefa daga sculptures da Monuments. A gaskiya, da karfe hana mutane ta da hankali cancanci. Ba a banza a tarihin 'yan adam da aka ma Bronze Age - wani dukan zamanin, lokacin da gami da ya gudanar da wani rinjaye matsayi. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan kayayyakin da ake amfani da biyu a cikin masana'antu da kuma a cikin zane-zane. Halaye mallaki by gami da tagulla, da kuza, ne kawai ba makawa a da yawa masana'antu. Ana amfani da a yi na bindigogi, inji gini, da allura na coci karrarawa, da sauransu. Kamar wancan akwai a yau da babban yawan karfe da alãmarsu, kowanne daga abin da yana da wani pre-kera Properties.

A amfani da tagulla karshe

A farko ambaci wani gami da tagulla, da kuza, an kwanan rana IV Millennium BC. Yana da wannan fasaha nasara, bisa ga tarihi, bari wayewa Mesofotamiya dauki wani yayin da wani abu matsayi. Archaeological tono za'ayi a kudancin Iran, nuna tartsatsi amfani da tagulla domin yin arrowheads, rike da wuka, da māsu, da gatura, takuba. Daga cikin Finds akwai ko da gida kayayyakinta, kamar furniture da madubai, kazalika da tuluna, amphorae, vases da faranti. Domin minting tsoho tsabar kudi da kuma kayan ado yin amfani da wannan gami.

Bronze a tsakiyar zamanai fara da za a rayayye amfani a Turai. Daga shi nuna irin wannan m abubuwa kamar cannons da kuma coci domes. A wani daga baya lokacin, tare da ci gaba da aikin injiniyan inji, kamar yadda m karfe ne kuma ba su tafi ba a gane shi. Yana da aka nuna godiya, yafi ga anti-gogayya da kuma anti-lalata kaddarorin. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa kayan amfani da, shi ne da ɗan daban-daban, daga abin da a yau yake da tagulla. A gami abun da ke ciki qunshi wani jam'i na qananan impurities muhimmanci rage ta quality.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na zamani tagulla

Yau a kayan kira tagulla gami biyu karafa tagulla, da kuza, wanda za a iya amfani da daban-daban rabbai. Don sa ƙarfe na sa na halaye da wannan biyu iya kara tutiya, phosphorus, magnesium, gubar da silicon. A gaban biyo baya impurities da a yau ta fasahar da aka kusan rage wa sifili.

A mafi yawan lokuta dauke m rabo na jan karfe to tin a rabbai na 85 zuwa 15 bisa dari. Rage yawan ce na biyu bangaren, a kasa da matakin kiwata a yawan matsaloli, babban abin da yake a lokaci rabuwa. Wannan kalma tana nufin aiwatar metallurgical gami stratification da m hardening.

Tasirin gami a kan ta ingancin launi

Ilmi mutane za su iya koya da yawa game da abu, kawai ta neman a launi, wanda yana da tagulla. A abun da ke ciki na da tasiri kai tsaye a kan wannan siga. Za ka gane shi, ja ya dafa bada gami da jan. Saboda haka, wani karu a yawan a cikin ni'imar da sauran aka gyara zasu nufin karɓa mai mika mulki na launi zuwa maras ban sha'awa sautunan.

A al'ada takardar gyara (85% jan) tagulla kyawon tsayuwa yellowness. Irin wannan version za a iya samu mafi sau da yawa. White gami samu bayan daidaitawa da rabo a 50:50. Amma tagulla zama m, dole ne ka rage adadin jan zuwa 35%.

Amma ga canji na m halaye na gami yayin da gwaji da sandarsa, halin da ake ciki shi ne kamar haka. A ductility na kayan za su dogara a kan abun ciki na tin a cikinta. Shi ne kasa da karin tausasa za ta zama tagulla, amma wannan gaskiya ne kawai up zuwa wasu iyaka. Saboda haka, a lokacin da matakin na 50% gami zama taushi sake.

Bronze art

Strong da kuma m abu, da ciwon a cikin wannan harka a isasshe low narkewa zafin jiki da kuma kyau ductility, ba zai yi sha'awar a cikin m mutane, musamman artists. Tuni a cikin V-IV karni BC a kasar Girka da aka yi aiki daga kankantarsa da fasaha na masana'antu na tagulla mutummutumai, wanda shi ne har yanzu dacewa a yau. Ya kunshi a cewa mutum-mutumi na flameproof abu da farko maye gurbinsu da kakin zuma, wanda aka kai tsaye halaka su a lokacin zaben 'yan wasa. A saboda wannan dalili zane ya farko da za a kera plaster model, da kuma bayan mold domin zaben 'yan wasa. A kakin zuma ciki a lokacin da fallasa zuwa yanayin zafi kawai ya narke, da kuma daukan ta wurin tagulla, wanda cools kuma solidifies. Bayan da ta iya kawai aiwatar da kawo kammala.

manyan bindigogi karfe

Domin yi na bindigogi, da kuma a nan gaba da kuma sauran kayan aikin soji, shi ya ko da yaushe yi amfani da tagulla. A abun da ke ciki na gami, wanda ake amfani da wadannan dalilai yawanci ƙunshi 90% jan karfe da kuma 10% tin kawai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiya cewa abu ga bindigogi dole ne sosai karfi da kuma mallaka wani babban tensile ƙarfi. Wadannan halaye da tagulla Brand BrAZhMts10-3-1.5. Bayan da babban aka gyara a cikin abun da ke ciki na dauke 1.2% na manganese, wanda qara frictional da kuma yawan zafin jiki halaye.

Production coci kararrawa

Bell ringing yana zama melodic, amma da sauti yardar da kunne a nesa. Oddly isa, amma tagulla yana da m iyawa. Don inganta ta sauti kararrawa ne Ya sanya daga wani gami da wani babban tin ciki (20 zuwa 22%). Wani lokaci, shi ma in ji wani bit na azurfa. Kan sarki na tagulla, wanda ake amfani da shi a yi na karrarawa da sauran feat. Irfan kida ga m aikace-aikace a sauran masana'antu shi ne cikakken m. Wannan shi ne saboda a gaskiya wannan gami yana da wani lafiya hatsi tsarin da ya karu fragility.

Phosphoric acid da kuma aluminum tagulla

Da farko gami kunshi 90% jan karfe, da kuma 9% na tin da 1% phosphorus da aka amfani a 1871 Künzel shekara. Ya aka mai suna phosphor tagulla, da kuma kayan samu da aikace-aikace, yafi a inji aikin injiniya. Ya jefa wani iri-iri na na'ura sassa cewa suna fallasa su ƙãra gogayya. Phosphorus wajibi ne ga kara elasticity da kuma inganta anticorrosive Properties. Babban amfani da wannan ƙarfe shi ne cewa shi daidai ya cika wani depressions a cikin zaben 'yan wasa.

Aluminum tagulla, da abun da ke ciki na wanda ya bambanta da wani babban abun ciki na jan karfe (95%), bayyanar ne sosai kama da zinariya. Bugu da kari ga kyakkyawa, shi yana da dama wasu abũbuwan amfãni. Alal misali, Bugu da kari na 5% aluminum gami damar yin tsayayya dogon daukan hotuna zuwa m mahalli kamar hyperacidity.

Kamar yadda abu ga yi na daban-daban inji sassa, aiki karfe ne kusan duk fāɗin duniya ƙwace phosphoric tagulla a takarda Mills, kuma a cikin foda samarwa saboda hakan counter katsewa.

Silicon da manganese da tagulla

Silicon da aka kara wa gami inganta watsin. Shi ne ingancin amfani a yi na tarho wayoyi. Reference silicon tagulla abun da ke ciki shi ne kamar haka: 97,12% jan karfe, 1.14% tin, 0.05% silicon.

A mafi wuya aiwatar da samun alfahari gami dauke da manganese. A dukan hanya faruwa a dama, saukarwa. Da farko ferromangan kara wa gaci (narkakke). Sa'an nan, bayan wani qaddara yawan zafin jiki, kara zuwa tin, kuma tutiya, idan ya cancanta. Birtaniya m Bronce Company ƙera dama irin manganese da tagulla, da ciwon daban-daban danko da kuma taurin. Da ake ji a irin wannan gami za a kusan dukkan masana'antu.