Cell aiki a cikin cell cibiyar

Kwayoyin na duk halittu suna da irin wannan tsarin. Dukan su an hada da na jini membrane ambulan a kusa da shi (glycocalyx a cikin dabbobi ko cell bango: fungi - na chitin a tsire-tsire - cellulose), cytoplasm (a cikin abin da ake located wasu gabbansa, kowanne daga abin da ya aikata ta ayyuka, cell cibiyar, msl halarci rabon) da kuma tsakiya, abin da na tsare DNA (sai dai prokaryotes).

kwayoyin halitta

Wadannan sun hada da ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi na'ura, endoplasmic reticulum da cell cibiyar. A shuka Kwayoyin ma dauke da takamaiman wasu gabbansa da suke na musamman domin su - da vacuole. Su tara maras so abubuwa plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplast, a cikin na ƙarshen ya auku photosynthetic tsari). The ayyuka na cell cibiyar, mitochondria, ribosomes, da kuma da sauran fannin jiki suke da muhimmanci sosai. Mitochondria wasa da muhimmancin na musamman ikon tsara tashoshin, akwai wani tsari a cikin abin da kwayuka numfasawa. Ribosomes ne alhakin samar da sunadari ta rairaya su daga cikin mutum amino acid a gaban mRNA, wanda aka rubuta bayanai a kan abubuwa da ake bukata cell. Lysosomal ayyuka ne a tsakiyan nonon na sinadaran mahadi amfani da enzymes, wanda aka dauke a cikin organelle. Golgi na'ura tattara da kuma rike wasu abubuwa. Endoplasmic reticulum ne ma shiga a cikin metabolism.

Salula Center - sifa da aiki

Wannan organelle da ake kira centrosome. The ayyuka na cell cibiyar wuya a overestimate - ba tare da wannan organelle ba zai yiwu ba ga cell division. Yana kunshi sassa biyu. A wannan cell cibiyar ne kama da ribosome, daga tsarin da kuma ya hada biyu halves. Sassa aka kira centrosomes centrioles, kowane daga cikinsu kama wani m Silinda kafa na microtubules. Suna shirya perpendicular zuwa juna. The ayyuka na cell cibiyar a centrioles dogara sanda samuwar lokacin mitosis ko meiosis.

Kamar yadda cell ya raba?

Akwai manyan hanyoyi biyu - meiosis da mitosis. cell cibiyar ayyuka suna bayyana a duka matakai. Kuma a cikin na farko da na biyu lokuta, da division faruwa a dama, saukarwa. Ware wadannan matakai: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis unshi biyu a jere cell division, lokacin tsakanin su ne ake kira Interphase. Sanadiyar haka ne, kan aiwatar da Kwayoyin tare da diploid chromosomes (biyu) ne kafa da mahara haploid (guda). Yawan chromosomes a lokacin mitosis ba rage - ya Kwayoyin ma su mallaki wani diploid. Akwai kuma wani hanya domin rarraba kamar yadda amitosis. A wannan yanayin, da zuciyar, sa'an nan dukan cytoplasm kawai raba a biyu. Wannan irin shi ne ba kamar yadda na kowa kamar yadda na farko guda biyu, da shi ya auku yawanci daga cikin sauki. Cell cibiyar a cikin wannan tsari ba da hannu.

Saka hannu cikin ya da rabo daga cikin cell cibiyar

Prophase nufin shirya domin aiwatar da mitosis ko meiosis, da makaman nukiliya membrane rushe tsawon. A lokacin metaphase cell cibiyar aka cire ta a cikin biyu jinsin centrioles. Su, bi da bi, Sai ku wãtsu a gaban sandunan da tantanin halitta. A wannan mataki, da chromosomes tsaye tare ekweita. Sai suka Threaded dogara sanda a haɗe zuwa centrioles haka cewa daban-daban chromatids na kowane chromosome aka haɗe zuwa gaban centrioles. Cikin kowane metaphase chromosome tsãgewar ƙwãyar cikin raba chromatids cewa centrioles da kirtani zuwa gaban sandunan jawo hankalin. A lokacin telophase nukiliya harsashi da aka kafa, da cytoplasm ya raba da karshe kafa ya Kwayoyin.