Chromosome. Non-homologue da homologue chromosomes.

Chromosomes - shi ne tsarin da kuma aikin abubuwa na ɗan adam Kwayoyin dake dauke da kwayoyin halittu. Naúrar cell da dama data iya iya fentin a lokacin cell division. Chromosomes an dimbin yawa da sandunansu, igiyoyin, madaukai, da dai sauransu .. By ta tsawon, wadannan abubuwa suna gauraye. Sun kunshi wani centromere, a takaice da kuma dogon hannu, secondary constriction, da tauraron dan adam, thread spindles, chromonemata. Location of cewa ɓangare na chromosome matsayin centromere, rinjayar abin da zai zama irin na sosai hadin kan salula line. A cikin taron cewa wannan bangare ne located a karshen tsarin da kuma aikin da rabi, shi ne sanda-dimbin yawa. Samun irin wannan bangare a matsayin centromere a tsakiyar sakamako cewa chromosome daukan nau'i na daidaita-studs. Idan dacewa part aka located laterally daga cibiyar, tsarin aikin zama kashi daban-daban fil kafadu.

Kullum, akwai 4 iri chromosome tsarin. Nau'i na farko ne telotsentricheskie tsarin da kuma aikin abubuwa. Na biyu - acrocentric (na biyu hannu ne sosai takaice da kuma kusan imperceptible). The uku irin su submetacentric chromosomes, da siffar wanda yayi kama da harafin "L". A karshe, na huɗu irin - metacentric. Chromosomes na irin wannan ne ake kira kafadu, wanda ya kasance daidai a tsawon. Bugu da kari irin wannan abubuwa napomminayut harafin da kuma a lokaci guda wata alama ce nasara "V".

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kowane daga nucleated somatic cell mutum ya ƙunshi ashirin da uku nau'i-nau'i daga chromosomes, wanda suke mikakke. Bugu da kari, akwai babban adadin kofe na mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Yana da daraja yana cewa 'yan kalmomi game da jima'i tsarin da kuma aikin abubuwa na ɗan adam Kwayoyin. Yana Y- da X-chromosome. A farko ƙunshi kimanin 58 tushe nau'i-nau'i, 78 daukawa genes kuma haka yana da babban maye gurbi rate saboda da yanayi a inda aka located. Wannan jima'i chromosome ne iya yaduwa ne kawai ta hanyar da maniyyi. Su, bi da bi, su ne batun da babbar dama cell ƙungiyoyin da ke faruwa a lokacin gametogenesis. Wajen da maniyyi - shi vysokookislitelnaya Laraba golaye, haramta motsa karawa tsari kamar mutating. Na biyu chromosome yana da kimanin miliyan 150 nau'i-nau'i daga nitrogenous sansanonin. Yana da kusan 1400 da kwayoyin halittu. Maza suna da daya X- da daya Y-chromosome. Mata suna da wani daban-daban "sa". Bã su da biyu X-chromosomes. Daya daga cikin su ke da yarinya daga mahaifiyarta, da kuma sauran da aka gada daga mahaifina uwa, cewa shi ne, kaka a kan mahaifinsa gefen.

Sau da yawa akwai tambayoyi game da chromosomes ake kira homologue da kuma wadanda ba homologue. Amsar ne kamar haka. Saboda haka, akwai homologue chromosomes. Wannan biyu daga tsarin da kuma aikin abubuwa da suke a diploid cell. Homologue chromosomes bambanta a cewa kowane daga cikinsu ya tafi daga daya kuma daga cikin sauran iyaye. Irin wannan abubuwa suna da wani irin nucleotide jerin bisa dukan tsawon. Wannan yana nufin cewa homologue chromosomes da wannan kwayoyin halitta, wadda aka shirya a cikin wannan jerin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa nazarin irin wannan batutuwa ne ba kawai ban sha'awa, amma kuma mai amfani a rayuwa, saboda jikinsa mafi sani kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Ya kamata a kara da cewa homologue chromosomes kullum suna da irin. Alal misali, suna iya zama tselotsentricheskimi, submetacentric, acrocentric, metacentric. Non-homologue chromosomes dauke da kwayoyin halittu da suke da jũna. Bugu da kari, wadannan da fasali ba conjugated aikin abubuwa a lokacin meiosis. Non-homologue chromosomes da kansa cika hada a cikin cell. Wannan ya tabbatar da lokacin da nazari na gado na halaye. Har ila yau, wannan bayanai da aka samu ta hanyar kai tsaye cytology Hanyar.

The bayanai da aka jera a sama zai taimaka wajen samun tushen fahimtar da chromosomes a general.