Chronology Slavic tarihi

A zamani tsarin na Chronology yana da kadan fiye da shekara dubu biyu bayan haihuwar Yesu Almasihu da kuma daruruwan 'yan ƙarni kafin wannan taron. Duk da haka, kafin zuwan da Kirista zamanin, a cikin daban-daban al'ummai suna da nasu hanyoyi na aunawa lokaci. Slavic kabilan - shi ne ba togiya. Long kafin Kiristanci da suka yi nasu kalandar.

Asalin kalmar "Kalanda"

Bisa ga hukuma version, da kalmar "kalanda" ya zo daga Latin. A zamanin d Roma, da bashi sha'awa da aka biya a farkon kowane watan, da kuma bayanai a kan su, an rubuta su a littafin bashi taken calendarium. Daga baya, shi ne daga littafin suna, akwai da kalmar "kalanda", ya zo cikin Slavs zuwa Kristanci.

Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa da kalmar da aka samu daga kalmar "Kolyadin Dar" (kyauta daga Kirsimeti carols), wanda ake magana a kai Chronology. Slavic asalin masu bincike yi imani da shi shi ne zai yiwu. Wasu daga cikin su yi imani da cewa Romawa aro kalmar "kalanda" na Slavs, kuma ba sabanin haka ba. Alkalin da kanka: translation na kalmar calendarium, kazalika da wani bayani na yadda shi ne alaka da bashi da littattafan - babu. Bayan duk, da Latin bashin - debitum, da kuma littafin - libellus.

Chronology na Nativity

Don nema mu zamanin daga haihuwar Kristi fiye da shekaru 2000. Duk da haka, hadisin tun shekara count da ake amfani game shekara dubu, domin ko da fitarwa na Kiristanci da hukuma addini na Roman Empire, da shekara ci gaba da za a auna daga cikin rãyuwar muhimmanci kwanakin. Ga Romawa - shi ne shekara da kafa na Roma, ga Yahudawa - shekara na lalata Urushalima, domin Slavs - shekara na Creation a Star Haikalin Ubangiji.

Amma da zarar da Roman m Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, yin Easter tebur, garwaya a cikin daban-daban tsarin na Chronology. Sa'an nan, ya zo a sama da a duniya tsarin, masomin na wanda za a shekarar da Kristi ta haihuwa. Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar kirga kimanin ranar taron, kuma ci gaba da yin amfani da kalanda, da ake kira "da haihuwar Yesu Kristi."

A baza na wannan tsarin ya kasance a cikin shekaru 200 saboda da m Bede da Venerable, don amfani da shi a cikin tarihi aiki a kan anglosansonskih kabilu. Ta hanyar wannan littafi, Birtaniya san hankali mayar da su cikin Kirista kalandar, kuma bayan an yi shi da kuma Turawa. Amma da coci hukuma dauki wani shekaru 200 da fara amfani da Kirista kalandar tsarin.

A miƙa mulki ga Kirista zamanin da Slavs

A cikin Rasha Empire, wanda a wancan lokacin hada yawa 'yan qasar-Slavic ƙasashe na Belarus, Poland, Ukraine da kuma sauran kasashe, da miƙa mulki ga Kirista kalandar ya faru a kan Janairu 1st 1700 da umurnin Peter I. yawa imani da cewa Tsar Peter ƙi kuma na yi kokarin kawar da duk Slavic, ciki har da wani kalanda, don haka lokaci ya shiga Kirista tsarin. Duk da haka, mafi m, cewa, sarki yana kawai kokarin sa domin haka rude Chronology. Slavic adawa a nan shi ne ba su iya taka rawa.

Gaskiyar ita ce, tare da isowa Kiristanci da Slavs, da firistoci rayayye yi kokarin maida da Majusawa na Roman kalanda. A mutane tsayayya da kuma a ɓõye da bin tsohuwar kalanda. Saboda haka, a Rasha akwai zahiri 2 kalanda: Roman kuma Slavic.

Duk da haka, shi nan da nan fara a cikin tarihin rikice. Bayan da Greek chroniclers amfani da Roman kalanda, da kuma daliban gidajen lama na Kievan Rus - da Slavic kalanda. A wannan yanayin, biyu kalandarku bambanta a Turai Chronology na Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar. Don warware wannan batu, Peter na umurce su da su tilasta wa dukan mulkin daular a kan tsarin na Chronology, dating mayar da haihuwar Yesu Kristi. Kamar yadda kwarewa ya nuna, shi ne kuma ajizai ne kuma a 1918 da kasar da aka fassara a cikin zamani Gregorian kalanda, shan la'akari tsalle shekaru.

Sources na bayanai game da Slavic kalandar

A yau babu abin dogara bayanai a kan yadda za a duba real Slavic kalanda. Yanzu m "Krugolet Chisloboga" kerata kan bayanai daga daban-daban tarihi kafofin daga baya lokaci. A lokacin da maimaitawa na Slavic kalandar amfani da wadannan kafofin:

• Gabas Slavic jama'a al'ada kalanda. Rubuta shaidar shi kwanan baya zuwa XVII-XVIII ƙarni. Duk da irin wannan "matasa" shekaru, wannan kalanda ya rike mai yawa bayanai game da rayuwar da Slavs a cikin kwanaki na arna Rasha.
• "Menologion" coci kalanda. A kan aiwatar da Christianization na Rus coci hukuma sau da yawa a lokacin muhimmanci arna bukukuwa bikin Kirista. Gwama ranar holidays "mesyatseslove" da kwanakin daga sauran kalandarku, kazalika daga jama'a kafofin, yana yiwuwa yin lissafi lokacin da Ancient muhimmanci holidays.
• A cikin XIX karni a shafin na Ibada na Vedi a Romania shi da aka samu game da 400 zinariya faranti da inscriptions, da sunan daga baya "Santa Dacian". A shekaru na wasu daga cikinsu fiye da shekaru 2,000. Wannan bincike ba kawai ta nuna gaban da rubuce-rubuce a zamanin d Slavs, amma kuma tushen bayani game da wannan zamanin na zamanin d Slavic tarihi.
• Annals.
• Archaeological binciken. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan ritualistic lãka tasoshin da siffar na kalandar alamomin. A mafi m ne earthenware vases Tchernyakhovskaya Slavic al'ada (III-IV karni BC. E.).

A zamanin d ¯ Slavs

A cewar bayanai dauke a cikin "Santa Dacian", da labarin na zamanin d Slavs yana da 14 lokuta. A mafi muhimmanci taron, wanda shi ne masomin kalanda shi ne haduwa da hasken rana da kuma biyu sauran planetary tsarin, da barin kawai uku da mutane kallo da rana a sararin sama. Wannan zamanin da aka kira "Time na Uku Suns" da kuma kwanan rana 604 387 th shekara (dangane da shekara ta 2016-th).

• 460 531st isa baki to Earth a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Ursa Ƙananan. Suka kira da'ariytsami, kuma wannan zamanin da aka kira "Time Gifts".
• A 273.910 th to Earth sake isa baki, amma wannan lokaci na ƙungiyar taurari Orion. Su sunayen h'ariytsami, da kuma bayan su da zamanin ake magana a kai a matsayin "lokaci h'Arra".
• 211 699th faru wadannan ziyarar Extraterrestrial yake, alama farkon "Lokaci SMAD."
• 185 779th fara Yunƙurin na daya daga cikin hudu manyan biranen nahiyar Da'Arias - Tula. Wannan birni ne sananne ga ta gwani sana'a kuma kusan 20 000 shekara ta wadãta. Wannan lokaci da aka kira "Tula Lokaci".
• A 165.043 th yar Perun - Slavic aljanna Tara ya kawo mai yawa tsaba da cewa daga baya ya girma yawa gandun daji - don haka ya fara "Tara ta lokaci."
• A 153.349 th akwai wani babban yaki tsakanin haske da duhu. A sakamakon haka, daya daga cikin tauraron dan adam na duniya Phaeton Lyutitsa aka hallaka, kuma ta sartse karfe zobe na asteroids - wani epoch na "Assa Dei."
• A 143.003 th mutane ta amfani da ci gaba a kimiyya iya jawo a kan wani duniya, wani tauraron dan adam, da kuma Duniya, wanda a wancan lokacin riga biyu da tauraron dan adam, ya zama uku. A daraja na wannan girma aukuwa wani sabon zamanin da ake kira "haila daga cikin Three amaryar wata."
• A 111 819th daya daga cikin uku amaryar wata, an halaka su da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa fadi to Earth, nitsewa Da'Arias tsoho nahiyar. Duk da haka, da mazaunan tsere - zamanin da "Great Hijira na Da'Arias".
• 106 791st a kan Irtysh River da aka kafa a birnin Erie alloli na Asgard, da kuma sabon tsarin na Chronology da aka gudanar da shi da aka kafa a kan shekara.
• The 44 560-m duk Slavic-Aryan haihuwa zo tare da rayuwa tare a cikin wannan ƙasa. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara zamanin da "Creation na Great Kolo Russenia".
• The 40 017-m on Earth isa Perun da kuma raba tare da firistoci na ilimi, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwai wata babbar tsalle gaba a cikin ci gaban dan Adam da fasaha. Haka abin ya fara a zamanin da "Uku Zuwan Wightman Perun".
• The 13 021-m aka halaka su da wani tauraron dan adam na Duniya da kuma ta da wani ɓaɓɓake fadi zuwa cikin duniya, rinjayi son yi axis. A sakamakon haka, da nahiyoyi raba da fara icing, da ake kira zamanin da "Great sanyi karye" (huce). Af, lokacin frame wannan lokaci ya zo daidai da na karshe glacial epoch na Cenozoic zamanin.

Modern bil'adama na zaune a cikin wani zamanin, farkon kirgawa shekaru daga halittar duniya a wani star Haikali. A shekaru na da shekaru a yau ne fiye da 7500 da shekaru.

Cafe Pobedonosets da kuma zamanin da halittar a Star Haikali

Kamar yadda ka sani, kalmar "zaman lafiya" yana da dama ma'ana. Saboda haka, sunan zamani shekaru ne sau da yawa fassara a matsayin lokacin halicci duniya. Duk da haka, da "zaman lafiya" na nufin ma wani sulhu tsakanin takaddama jam'iyyun. A wannan batun, da sunan "The Creation a Star Haikalin" wani mabanbanta fassarar.

Jim kadan kafin a shekarar farko da aka alama ta "daga cikin halittar a Star Haikalin", tsakanin Slavic kabilu da kasar Sin akwai wani yaki. Tare da babbar asarar da Slavs ga gaci, kuma autumnal equinox tsakanin jama'ar kasashen biyu, da zaman lafiya da aka kammala. Don yi alama wannan muhimmin taron, shi ya sa da farko masomin wani sabon zamanin. Daga baya, a da yawa ayyukan art, wannan nasara da aka allegorically wanda aka nuna a matsayin jarumi (Slavs) da kuma yaqi da dragon (Sin).

Wannan hali da aka haka rare cewa tare da zuwan Kiristanci, shi ya ba su iya kawar da. Tun da sau na Kievan Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo Knight, kayar da dragon, ya zama a hukumance da aka sani da George (Yuri) tanƙwasãwa. Its muhimmanci ga Slavs aka evidenced da gaskiya cewa sadaukarwa Georgiya Pobedonostsa ya sosai na kowa a duk Slavic kabilu. Bugu da kari, a lokuta daban-daban, da kuma Kiev, da kuma Moscow, kuma da yawa wasu tsoho Slavic birane wanda aka nuna a kan alama na saint. Sha'awa, da labarin na St. George ne m ba kawai daga cikin Orthodox da Katolika, amma kuma Musulmi.

A tsarin da Slavic kalandar

Slavic kalandar daya cikakken Duniya ta juyin juya halin a kusa da Sun ba da shekara da sunan, da kuma a lokacin rani. Ya kunshi uku yanayi: ousen (kaka), hunturu da kuma bazara. Kowane kakar hada da watanni 3 na 40-41 kwanaki kowane. Week a waɗannan kwanaki kunshi 9 kwanaki, da kuma rana - 16 hours. Minti da sakan na Slavs ba, amma kasance wani ɓangare na rabo, lokacin, instants, whitefish da Santigie. Yana da wuya a kwatanta abin da matakin na fasahar da zama, idan irin wannan sunan ga kananan lokaci na lokaci can.

Shekaru, wannan tsarin ya ba gasa shekaru da dama da ƙarni, kamar yadda yake a yau, da kuma 144-shekara hawan keke: 16 shekaru a kan kowane daga cikin 9 masaukai Svarog Circle.

Kowane al'ada shekara tun daga halittar duniya a wani star haikali kunshi 365 days. Amma da tsalle 16th shekara kidaya kamar yadda mutane da yawa kamar 369 kwanaki (kowace wata ta kunshi 41 days).

A Sabuwar Shekara ta tsoho Slavs

A bambanci ga kalandar a cikin abin da Sabuwar Shekara ne a tsakiyar hunturu, da Slavic kalanda an dauki farkon na shekara fall. Ko da yake wannan batu da ra'ayoyi na masana tarihi sãɓã wa jũna. Mai malaman yi imani cewa asalin Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u kuwa ranar da autumnal equinox, wanda ya taimaka wa m-tune kalandar Slavs daga halittar duniya a wani star Haikali. Duk da haka, tare da tallafi na Kristanci, bisa ga Byzantine hadisin, farkon Sabuwar Shekara kokarin mayar da su cikin watan farko na bazara. A sakamakon haka, a cikin layi daya, akwai ba kawai biyu kalandarku, amma kuma biyu hadisai tasbĩhi game da Sabuwar Shekara a watan Maris (as Romawa) da kuma a cikin watan Satumba (as a Rum da kuma Slavs).

Watanni na zamanin d Slavs

A farko da tara ga watan haihuwa Slavic kalandar kira Ramhat (farko Satumba 20-23), ya aka bi ta cikin hunturu watanni Islet (Oktoba 31 - Nuwamba 3), Beylet (Disamba 10-13) da kuma Geylet (20-23 Janairu).

A spring watanni aka kira Daylet (1-4 Maris), Eylet (11-14 Afrilu) da kuma Veylet (May 21-24). Bayan fara ousen kunshi Heyleta watanni (Yuli 1-4) da kuma Tayleta (Agusta 10-13). Kuma a watan gobe na kaka Ramhat shi ne farkon Sabuwar Shekara.

Da zuwan Kiristanci maimakon Roman, Slavic ba sunan watan. Tare da kafa wani sabon kalandar wata Bitrus I koma zuwa Latin sunayen. Kuma suka zauna a cikin zamani Rasha harshen, yayin da fraternal al'ummai kiyaye ko dawo ga saba Slavic sunayen da watanni.

Shi ba a san, kamar yadda suka kira tare da isowa Kiristanci wa Bitrus I ta gyara, duk da haka, suna da 'yan zažužžukan, kerata godiya ga labarin baki daban-daban Slavic al'ummai.

Week Slavs

The tambaya game da yawan kwanaki a mako wa Bitrus I ta garambawul da ya rage rigima to wannan rana. Mutane da yawa jayayya da cewa su kasance 7 - Saboda haka sunan kiyaye su a cikin duk Slavic harsuna.

Duk da haka, idan ka yi tunani game da shi a cikin kalmomi na "Humpbacked doki", shi ya zama mai ban mamaki, duka a cikin rubutu na 1834 ake magana a kai a ranar mako kamar yadda "osmitsa" wanda ya biyo baya da sauran rana - "mako."

Sai dai itace cewa da tunanin da tara-mako zauna a cikin memory daga cikin Slavs, kuma haka da farko shi ne kawai 9 kwanaki.

Yadda yin lissafi da shekara na Slavic kalanda?

Yau, da yawa Slavs kokarin komawa zuwa hadisai na kakanninsu, ciki har da su kalanda.

Amma da zamani, rai Kirista kalandar, na bukatar wani mutum da ikon kewaya a cikin wannan firam na reference shekaru. Saboda haka, kowane amfani Slavonic Chronology (daga halittar duniya), da yadda za a fassara shi a cikin shekaru na Kirista tsarin, ya kamata in sani. Duk da a bayyane yake bambance-bambance tsakanin tsari biyu na Chronology, su sa shi sauki. Kana bukatar ka ƙara zuwa wani yini na Kirista kalandar 5508 adadi (bambanci a shekaru tsakanin tsarin) da kuma zai yiwu don fassara kwanan wata a kalandar Slavic. Abin da shekara karkashin wannan tsarin, za a iya ƙaddara da wadannan dabara: 2016 + 5508 = 7525. Duk da haka, ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa yanzu shekara ta fara da watan Janairu, da kuma Slavs - a watan Satumba, haka za ka iya amfani da online kalkuleta don more m lissafin.

Fiye da shekara ɗari uku sun shude tun sa'an nan, kamar yadda mazaunan Rasha Empire daina amfani da Slavic kalanda. Duk da daidaito, a yau shi ne kawai wani labarin, amma ka tuna da shi ya zama, saboda shi ba kawai hada da hikimar da kakanni, amma kuma ya kasance wani bangare na Slavic al'ada, wanda, duk da ra'ayi na Bitrus I, ba kawai ba na baya zuwa Turai, amma kuma a cikin wasu abubuwa m zuwa gare shi.