Church marquee a Rasha: Misalan

High, a bayyane daga nesa hipped Ibada sun fi dace siffar domin gina a Rasha. Mutane da yawa Monuments sun tsira to wannan rana kuma har yanzu gigice yawon bude ido tare da kyau. Ko yankin na ciki bai taka rawa a tsohuwar tanti da kuma haikalin da aka ba su halicci na manyan taron. Sha shida da kuma sha bakwai karni sun fi m ga zargin ban sha'awa Monuments. Alal misali, Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral (Cathedral na Ceto a kan Moat) a Moscow a kan Red Square, da aka gina a 1552 da kuma alama ya bayyanar da kama na Kazan. Sauran alfarwa majami'u Rasha iya wuya gasa tare da su a cikin kyakkyawa da daraja.

architecture

A cikin ainihin dukkan su sun gina game da wannan. Kwari mudu uku, wanda aka kafa shi ne kananan octagon - goyon baya ga octagonal tanti, haifar zuwa sama. Duk da haka, kowane m kawo a gina wani abu daban-daban, don me ba biyu m Ibada. Dabara da aka bayyana mafi sau da yawa a cikin wani iri-iri bambancin sassa a cikin kayan ado.

Feature cewa retains duk hipped Ibada - babu ginshiƙai, wato, dukan tsarin ya ginu ne a kan garun, don haka da fadi da tantuna ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, don wannan dalili, shi ya gaza ma m dutse alfarwa Cathedral New Urushalima sufi. Sai aka maye gurbinsu da wani haske itace da kwasfa da baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma haikalin tsaye, farin ciki mutanen da ke kewaye.

Haramtawar?

Fiye da karni hipped Ibada yada yadu a kasar. Amma zo da coci garambawul na sarki Nikon a 1653, bayan da style da aka kama a taboo. Church marquee a Rasha daina za a gina. Watakila wani outright ban a kan yi shi ba. Amma gaskiyar da aka ba gina bayan da ya gyara aikinsa, na Nikon dutse coci marquee. A arewa, suka ci gaba da kafa alfarwansu a kan katako kananan majami'u da kuma kararrawa hasumiyai kamar kammala zauna m kafin zuwan classicism.

Abin baƙin ciki, 'yan kaxan tsira misalai na katako, gine-gine, alfarwansu katako majami'u a Bugu da kari ya ci kuma yaga da post-neman sauyi abandonment halartar shan wuya mai yawa da kuma kusan bace. Akwai, duk da haka, kare tsibiran a kasar inda da tsoho store. Lokacin da na dawo zuwa shahararsa ta Rasha style (ya juya waje, duk da haka, na karya), hip gine kamar yadda aka farfado a cikin marigayi karni na sha tara. Duk da haka, wadannan Tsarin ne sosai daban-daban daga waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. Tanti majami'u na 17th karni juya ta zama ba zai yiwu ba rubanya, kuma musamman sosai na farko, abin da ya bayyana a nuna na goma sha biyar da kuma na sha shida ƙarni.

hadisai

A bayyanar hipped pommel ne da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa Rasha majami'u da aka gina a matsayin Monuments kagaggun tsare a wasu abubuwan. Tanti majami'u na 16th karni more kuma mafi miƙa zuwa gaba. Rasha coci gine ɓullo da shi daga vaults na canje-canje. A cikin jarrabawa cewa hadisai na dutse gine da baya - itace - ya kasance unproven kuma ba quite daidai. Wannan za a iya deduced daga nazarin da farko gine-gine - Church of Hawan Yesu zuwa sama a cikin Kolomenskoye (1532 Vasily III) da kuma coci na ɗauka daga cikin Vologda Posada (1493). Shi ne mafi kaifin misalai na wasan kwaikwayon na dutse alfarwa majami'u.

Ban sha'awa juna da kuma Church na Ceto a Medvedkovo inda a fili ya furta gine-gine da style da wani tanti maimakon a Dome. Wannan Haikali ya yi kama da yawa-gangarawa St. Basil ta Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo kuma shi ne ya cancanci a mafi takamaiman bayanin. Shi ne ma sosai halayyar daga cikin shahararrun Rasha hipped Ibada: Ceto (da Triniti) Church na Alexander yarjejeniya (1510), da Church of Uglich "m" (1628), Moscow a Putinki Nativity na Virgin coci.

Medvedkovo

Wannan shi ne gina haikalin a matsafai na kan benen kasa (saukar akwai Znamenskaya hunturu coci), da rike da dukan girma daga cikin quadrangle, kusurwoyin wanda aka kammala da kananan domes. A cikin quadrangle ne fairly low haske octagon a matsayin tushen da nuna dutse alfarwa. A rabbai na quadrangular da octagonal squat, m kuma alfarwa yi ba musamman jituwa da kusan tashi, saboda da tsawo daga cikin alfarwa kusan fiye da dukan ƙananan ɓangare na Haikalin. Ginshiki, kewaye da galleries, kuma yana da biyu daidai-ɗakin sujada - Nine Shahidai da Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Af, a karon farko a Rasha daya-gangarawa quadrangular hipped rufin da aka ba a nan. A kan bagaden da ginin, shugaba tare da wani musamman babi, ta rare Multi-abun da ke ciki saboda Extended gabas apse na ƙananan coci. Kokoshniki, sanya shi a cikin layuka a fadin saman ganuwar da quadrangle, da kuma bisa ga alfarwa kuma a kan crowning babi jaddada pyramidal ginin, ta solemnity, muradinta a cikin sama da kuma daukaka da rai kyakkyawa. A haikali daga yamma kamar gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa na goyon bayan Empire style kararrawa hasumiya, suka gina a cikin 1840s.

labarin

Matsaloli zo da wani lokaci alama ta kowane irin bala'i, shisshigi da Dogayen sanda da kuma Swedes, don haka gwamnatin, siyasa da tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki na jihar shi da mafi wuya. Tanti majami'u a Moscow, da dukan ƙasar da za a gina kusan daina. Stone gini, kamar yadda irin wannan, daina gaba ɗaya. Kawai shekara ashirin da biyar, Rasha ya kai wani isasshen matakin domin farfado da dutse gine. Amma, bayan da 1620 Ibada maimaita baya-daban na gine-gine.

Kuma jimawa bi da garambawul na sarki Nikon, a lokacin da alfarwar majami'u ba "shige a daraja." Nikon son Dome na uku ko biyar surori. A 1655, a Vishnyaky a gina Haikali a umurnin da sarki na biyu chapels aka kammala ba peaked da zagaye kawunansu, ko da yake aikin hannu na farko.

Stolpoobraznoe a matsayin share fagen

A nan, na farko na duk na yi maye a lokacin coci garambawul tare da duk da haihuwa da kuma son na duk Byzantine sarki, ciki har da giciye-Dome zane. Duk da yake cikin coci marquee a Rasha ne mafi reminiscent na Yammacin Gothic: kuzarin kawo cikas, jihãdi a sama, hasumiyar gine al'amudin-majami'u.

Alal misali, Church of Ioanna Predtechi a kauyen Djakovo (Moscow) da kuma Church of Transfiguration a kauyen Ostrov (Moscow yankin). Dukansu aka gina a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na sha shida, kuma an riga da biyu al'amudin-type gine-gine alfarwa. Har ila yau, zai iya zama a matsayin wani misali da daya daga cikin shahararrun majami'u, kararrawa hasumiyai "Ivan Veliky", gina a cikin girmamawa Ioanna Lestvichnika a cikin Kremlin a 1505.

misalai

Aiki Podkolokolny da bene belfry, gina kawai sama da Haikalin, da nufin alfarwa Ibada bai dace ba. Shi ne a cikin shakka daga dama daban-daban gine-gine da mafita, mai girma da 'yanci ga m, kuma har yanzu samun kusan ko da yaushe siriri stolpoobraznye Ibada.

Alal misali, gidan ibada na Ruhu Mai Tsarki Descent (1476, Triniti-Sergius Lavra), Kolomna St. George Bell Tower (da - haikalin Arhangela Gavriila, 1530 shekaru), da Church of St. Saminu-Stylites (Danilovsky sufi, Moscow, a 1732, gina a kan Ruhu Mai Gate), biyu kuma ƙofar haikalin a Donskoy sufi, da coci na St. Sergius na Radonezh (Novospassky sufi kararrawa hasumiya), da coci Feodora Stratilata mai Tsarki Warrior (Menshikov hasumiya, Moscow, cikin karni na sha tara) da sauransu.

Alamun

Stone hip gine ne irin wannan a cikin siffar itace, wannan style prevalent daga zamanin da zuwa yau. Yana bayyana, bisa ga tarihi, a fili a kan samfurori na itace. Duk da haka, idan for tsarin dalilai Dome tanti da aka maye gurbinsu da gina haikalin aka yi da itace, da na dutse yi ba za a iya hade da zane. Ã'a, shi ne so don isar da wani image - conviviality, jihãdi a sama. Ba wai kawai a lardin amma kuma a cikin babban birnin kasar, elongated silhouettes na katako, a ɗakin kasance mafi maraba da kuma a koyaushe taka muhimmiyar rawa.

A hip gine na samar da mafi zurfi na ginin jumla kaya: wannan ne hanya zuwa mulkin sama, da kuma dangane da square (da halitta duniya) tare da wani da'irar (alama ce dawwama). Mudu uku - square, NUNA ƙasa, octagon - duk yankuna na sarari a tarnaƙi na duniya, da wani takwas nuna star a matsayin wata alama ce da Virgin da kuma rana ta takwas - alfarma yawan da nan gaba karni. Tanti da crowning haikali - wani mazugi image tsani kakan Yakubu, hanyar Allah.

Kolomenskoye da Alexander Sloboda

Triniti Church na Alexander shiri (yanzu - Ceto) - fadar Prince Vasily III Haikali. Dangi da kwanan wata na yi na dogon lokaci akwai sabani, amma kwanan nan bincike Dates shi zuwa 1510. Kafin wannan, da sosai farko alfarwa coci da aka dauke Hawan Yesu zuwa sama a cikin Kolomenskoye (1532), wanda aka kuma gina a kan wannan babban shugaba.

Wannan shi ne haƙĩƙa mafi girma fitacciyar, amma shi ya ba na farko. Dukansu temples da aka gina a cikin sarki manors yadda kadan majalisarsa. Kuma Hawan Yesu zuwa sama ya zama wani abin tunawa a girmama na haihuwa na wani mataimaki - babban Ivana Groznogo. Mahaliccin mai ban mamaki gungu a cikin Alexander shiri ne dauke da m na Italiya - New Aleviz, marubucin na ɗauka Church, ma, shi ne mai yiwuwa da Italian - Petroc Ƙananan.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Tun da yake wannan ne mai babbar yawon shakatawa janye ba kawai a cikin Moscow, amma dukan ƙasar, wannan tanti majami'u bukatar gaya yawa daki-daki kamar yadda zai yiwu. Kazan Khanate aka ci, kuma an halitta a cikin girmamawa wannan abin tunawa, to wannan rana, wata alama ce Rasha, da kuma mai yarda da juna, abin tunawa daga gine. Cathedral na Ceto a kan Moat aka gina shekaru shida (tun 1555) da kuma ya juya unusually, ko da ba a duniya kyau. A baya can, shi housed Triniti Church da kuma tsaron gida moat tare da Kremlin, wanda aka cika kawai a 1813. A wurin da yake a yanzu a necropolis da kabarin.

Wanda ya Vasiliy Blazhenny, aka binne dama kusa da Triniti Church a kan Red Square? Wannan Moscow whacky, baiwa da kyauta da clairvoyance, wanda ya annabta da yawa bala'i, ciki har da wata babbar wuta a 1547, lokacin da kone kusan duk na Moscow. Kansa Ivan Grozny girmamawa da kuma kyawawan yawa ya ji tsoron Vasiliya Blazhennogo, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka binne shi tare da karrama da kuma ja tabo. Bugu da ƙari, wata lambar nan da sannu aza Haikali, wanda daga bisani aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga ikon clairvoyant wawa, domin kabarinsa nan da nan bayan jana'izar fara mu'ujizai - mutane suna warkar da shi, gani, guragu tafiya, da kuma tsaya har shanyayyu.

Na takwas nasarori

Kazan fara yakin neman zabe, wanda ya ƙare a nasara a karo na farko, yawanci Rasha a cikin wannan yanki sun sha wahala da shan kashi bayan shan kashi. Ivan da Munin ya yi wa'adi - idan Kazan zai fada, ya sa a kan Red Square ne grand haikali a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da cin nasara. Kuma sai ya cika wa'adin gaba daya.

The yaki ya dade, da kuma bayan kowane nasarar Rasha makamai gaba da Triniti Church aka gina karamin coci a daraja na saint wanda yini ya zo daidai da ta kamu da wani ra'ayi. Bayan babban rabo dawowar Ivan Grozny, maimakon takwas sabon katako majami'u yanke shawarar saka wani babban dutse - cikin shahararrun cewa for ƙarni da dama.

Legends

Beautiful haikali magina suka sanã'anta irin wannan mai yawa da dama labaru cewa kawo kome a nan ne kawai ba zai yiwu. A al'adance, Sarkin Ivan da Munin hayar iyayengiji biyu Barma da Postnik Yakovlev. A gaskiya shi ne daya mutum - Ivan Yakovlevich Barma da sunan, amma lakabi da sauri. Akwai wani labari da cewa bayan gina sarki gine-ginen makantar haka cewa sun taba kuma babu inda shi ne abu mafi kyau da wannan haikali ba a gina. Ta yaya da yawa ayyukan art wannan labari da aka rubuta! Duk da haka, shi ne ba.

Akwai takardun, da kuma quite babban lamba, bayan da Cathedral na Ceto Faster gina da Kazan Kremlin. Too shi iya zama da kyau, watakila, amma babu inda kuma. Hakika, ba kamar St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, wanda shi ne na musamman, amma kuma wani babban aiki na architecture. Bugu da kari, shi aka ji a hannun Faster yi na Gaske Shelar Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin), ɗauka cewa Cathedral, St. Nicholas Church (Sviyazhsk - biyu), ko da Church of St. Yahaya Maibaftisma a cikin Dyakovo. Duk wadannan haikalin da aka halitta yawa daga baya.