Constitutional Majalisar na Rasha Federation: tsarin mulki da kuma shari'a status, abun da ke ciki, da iko, yanke shawara

A kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation - babban dokar da Rasha jihar. A tanadi na wannan daftarin aiki samar domin sabawa da wasu daga ta articles. An dace hanya ya kamata a da za'ayi tare da sa hannu na tsarin mulki Majalisar. Mene ne ayyukan da wannan jiki? Mene ne hanya na convening, kungiyar na tsarin mulkin Majalisar, kazalika da hukuncin da jihar tsarin?

Mene ne muhimmancin da tsarin mulki Majalisar a cikin tsarin na jihar ikon?

Da farko, bari mu bincika irin rawar da cewa ya yi aikin Cop a cikin tsarin siyasa na Rasha.

Constitutional Majalisar nasa ne da category na wakilin jikin ikon na Rasha Federation, kuma yana da a lokaci guda da iko na bijiro da batun kafa hali. Wannan jiki, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin tsarin siyasa na Rasha, yana da takwarorinsu kasashen waje, wanda za a iya wakilta, misali, bijiro da batun kafa majalisai , ko majalisai.

Babban tushen shari'a, bisa ga abin da Rasha aiki a cikin jiki kamar tsarin mulki Majalisar, da ainihin tsarin mulkin jihar. Abin lura shi ne cewa Rasha Basic Dokar tabbatar da tsarin a tambaya a karkashin wani raba tarayya kundin tsarin dokar, wanda ya ba da aka soma a cikin Rasha Federation.

Constitutional Majalisar - a jiki da cewa, daidai da dokar, wanda shi ne tukuna da za a amince, za a gudanar da idan da shawara ga wani gyara na tanadi dage farawa saukar a kai a babi 1.2 da kuma 9 daga cikin babban tushen shari'a, a Rasha, za a goyan bayan 3/5 na kuri'un da aka kada na wakilan Tarayya Council, da kuma jihar Duma.

Ka yi la'akari da key iko, wanda, a bisa ga dokar da za a iya gani da tsarin mulki.

A iko na tsarin mulkin Majalisar

Wadannan sun hada da:

• tabbaci na haƙuri da doka ta asali na Rasha.
• ci gaba da kuma tallafi na sabon kundin tsarin mulki na jihar.
• Kaddamar da daftarin Rasha dokar zuwa kuri'u.
• tabbatar da dalilin da oda a jihar kundin tsarin mulki shiga cikin karfi.

Wadannan masu iko, duk da haka, tsarin a tambaya za suna da hakkin su sayar da ikon kawai idan, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, za a soma da wani musamman doka yi kafa hanya ga Cop ma'aikata.

Hakika, kokarin ya dauko doka a kan tsarin mulki al'ada a cikin tarihi na Rasha sun. Designs wannan tushen dokar qaddamar da daban-daban da shugabannin siyasa a cikin 90 da kuma 2000 shekaru. A shekarar 2012, shugaban kasar Rasha ya umurci ƙarƙashin abokai, mu sallama bada shawarwari game da shirye-shiryen da ya dace da shari'a yi.

Idan muka magana game da shahararrun daga cikin daftarin dokar a kan tsarin mulki taro, za mu iya rarrabe tunanin samarwa da Gennadiem Zyuganovym, Vyacheslav Zvolinsky, Viktor Alksnis da Sergey Baburin, Vyacheslav Volodin, Sergei Kovalev. Project Yevgeny Fedorov da Anton Romanov aka sanshi. Bari mu yi nazarin wadannan halaye na matsalolin a zurfafe.

The daftarin dokar a kan tsarin mulki Zyuganov taron

The daftarin da aka ƙaddamar don tattaunawa a jihar Duma a watan Maris 1997. A daidai da wannan tayin:

• a kunshe a cikin Cop shugaban kasa, da Federation Council, Jihar Duma wakilai,, wakilan gwamnatin presidium, da RF kotun tsarin alƙalai, kazalika da jakar kwai.
• wakilan} ungiyoyin ma'aikata.

Yana da aka zaci cewa dauke jihar dillancin zai gudanar da ayyuka a Moscow. A daidai da ra'ayi karkashin shawara kungiya ta kashin da aka ba dama don gabatar da 'yan majalisar da aka kafa da mutum daya daga kowace kungiya.

Co-Kujeru na Cop sun zama shugaban Tarayya Council da kuma jihar Duma. Yana da aka zaci cewa kudade na tsarin mulki Majalisar kamata a da za'ayi a kudi na tarayya kasafin kudin na jihar. Bisa ga aikin a karkashin shawara, Cop rubutu na daftarin ya to za a buga da sauri, da kuma tattauna da shi iya haɗa jama'a da kuma daban-daban da ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar hulda da wucin gadi Shirin zanen kwamitin na Cop.

Zayyana tsarin mulki Majalisar Zvolinsky dokar

Dauke ra'ayi da aka gabatar don tattaunawa a jihar Duma a watan Yuni 1998. A daidai da shi da shugaban kasa, wakilan Tarayya Council, Jihar Duma, da firayin ministan kasar da shugaban kotun tsarin, da Armed Forces, cikin jakar kwai, kazalika da wakilan Rasha yankuna sun zama wakilai zuwa tsarin mulki Majalisar. A wannan yanayin, da batutuwa na Rasha Federation za a iya aiko da tsarin mulki majalisar Rasha Federation a cikin adadin Wakilai:

• 5 mutane daga kowane yankin tare da wani yawan miliyan 1 mazaunan.
• 10 mutane, idan fiye da mutane miliyan 1 rayuwa a cikin yankin.
• 15 wakilai daga St. Petersburg, da kuma 20 - daga Moscow.

A ra'ayi kwakwalwa gaba da cewa wuri tarurruka na Cop aka ƙaddara daidai da umurnin da shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation.

Kamar yadda muka gani daga wasu masana, da Cop dauke da daftarin bai hada da kayan abinci ga wanda ya kamata a ci gaba RF kundin tsarin mulki. Amma, manufar da aka kayyade don magance matsalolin cikin tsarin na kafa tsarin mulki Majalisar.

Volodin aikin a kan dokar a kan tsarin mulki Kotun

Wannan ra'ayi da aka gabatar don tattaunawa a jihar Duma a watan Yuni 2000. Ya unshi da wadannan: tsarin mulki majalisar shugabannin kasashe da kuma wakilan Tarayya Council, da Rasha kotun tsarin alƙalai, shugabannin na Armed Forces da kuma jakar kwai. An kuma bayar da shawarar cewa wani ɓangare na Cop Duma 100 wakilai za a sanya. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata su yi tunani da abun da ke ciki na ƙananan majalisar, cikin sharuddan majalisar ƙungiyoyi, kazalika da yawan wakilai, wanda aka zabe su domin iri biyu gundumomi - tarayya da kuma guda-umarni. The shugaban jihar Duma, bi da bi, dole ya zama wani ɓangare na Cop.

A Rasha kuma shugaban ya sanya cikin 100 mambobi ne na majalisar da aka kafa - da Rasha 'yan ƙasa da hakan shari'a da ilimi da kuma dabarun da suka kamata. Bada shawarwari ga tawagar kotun tsarin na Rasha Federation jama'a 'Shugaban ya yi aiki da shugaban kasa tare da wasu jiha hukumomi, jama'a da kungiyoyi, kimiyya da ilimi Tsarin.

Yana da aka zaci cewa rubutu na daftarin da doka ta asali na jihar, ci gaba da tsarin mulkin Majalisar, batun da m littafin, da kuma daga baya - a tattaunawa tare da sa hannu na 'yan kasa da kuma} ungiyoyin jama'a. Sha'awar wannan mutumin kasance da za a aika zuwa tsarin mulki Majalisar, gwamnatin jiki alhakin tallafi na sabunta doka ta asali na kasar, ta bada shawarwari a cikin wata 1 daga ranar tallafi na da daftarin kundin tsarin mulki.

Nazarin manufar samarwa hanyoyin bayar da daftarin dokar a jihar raba gardama.

Kovalev na doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun Project

Wannan aikin da aka samarwa da jihar Duma a watan Satumba 2000. Ya nuna da wadannan:

• tsarin mulki Majalisar kunshi 450 mutane, wanda aka zabe su ta hanyar da jama'a na Rasha Federation ta kai tsaye kuri'a.
• Cop dole ne hadu a Moscow.
• Cop mambobi ana zabe dvumandatnym gundumomi - daidai da dokoki na misali na 'yan kasa.
• A kundin tsarin mulki ya kamata a dauka cikin 4 karatu.
• tallafi na da doka ta asali a iya aiwatar ta hanyar zaben raba gardama.

Project Alksnis da Baburin na doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun

The daftarin da aka ƙaddamar don tattaunawa a jihar Duma a watan Nuwamba 2007. A mawallafa ana kiran su zuwa sama a kan matsayin da majalisar da aka kafa a matsayi na mutane da:

• Shugaban Rasha Federation.
• wakilan da zartarwa hukumomin na Rasha yankuna a tarayyar Council.
• Jihar Duma.
• mambobi na Jama'a majalisar na Rasha Federation.

A daidai wannan mutum da aka samarwa, wanda zai iya shiga a cikin aikin da kotun tsarin, ba tare da 'yancin yin zabe. wato:

• mambobi na gwamnatin.
• shugabannin kasashen yankin.
• Kotun tsarin mahukunta na Rasha Federation Armed Forces, jakar kwai.
• M Janar na Rasha Federation.
• wakilan jam'iyyun siyasa.

Yana da aka zaci cewa Cop kamata a tattara a cikin wani daga cikin biranen tarayya muhimmanci - daidai da raba umurnin jihar Duma. The daftarin shawarar cewa tallafi daga cikin muhimman hakkokin dokar da ke jihar ne a cikin m iyawa da wani jiki kamar tsarin mulki majalisar Rasha Federation. Wato, da danniyan daga cikin daftarin kundin tsarin mulki a kuri'ar raba gardama ya kamata ba za a za'ayi.

Mun tattauna da daftarin doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun domin dalilai daban-daban da aka ƙi da majalisar dokokin kasar. Bari mu yi nazarin abin da za su iya zama.

A dalilan da kin amincewa da daftarin Cop

A cewar masana, da babban matsala batun na tallafi na doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun - domin sanin ka'idojin samuwar m iko. Yana kafa biyu sosai disparate wuraren view.

Kamar yadda na farko, ya wajaba don tabbatar da mafi gudummawar 'yan ƙasa a cikin ayyukan da tsarin mulki Majalisar. Bisa ga ra'ayi na biyu a cikin Cop farko rawar da ya za a buga, da farko, kuma farkon, mutane tare da zama dole matakin na kwarewa da kuma iyawa.

Saboda haka, mafi demokradiya a cikin wannan ma'ana, aikin za a iya dauke da wani ra'ayi Kovalev, a kan abin da kotun tsarin da aka kafa ta sa hannu na 450 wakilai zabe da 'yan ƙasa. Bi da bi, da daftarin doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun, samarwa da Volodin, shawara da cewa key yanke shawara na tsarin mulkin Majalisar zai dauki mutane tare da m kwarewa a manyan gwamnati matsayi.

Yana iya lura da cewa, isasshe mai jayayya samuwar Cop samarwa Zvolinsky a kan wanda muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan da ya dace dalĩli za dauki wannan aiki na shugabannin siyasa, amma a cikin Cop ma zai iya unsa wakilai daga yankuna, wanda aka nada tare da sa hannu na mutane da Rasha Federation.

Saboda haka, a cikin shakka daga tattaunawa a intraparliamentary 90 da kuma 2000 ya kasa warware tambaya na wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na majalisar da aka kafa a matsayin abun da ke ciki an kafa daga ra'ayi na gano wani ma'auni tsakanin cibiyoyin mulkin demokra] na Cop hanyoyin, kazalika da kwarewa da ta wakilai.

Wani tattaunawa batu a cikin tattaunawa na masu yiwuwa ga tallafi na doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun - rawar da kotun tsarin. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan jiki, daidai da asali doka yi na Rasha, yana da wani fairly m kewayon iko cikin sharuddan da fassarar da kundin tsarin mulki a cikin tsarin na tilasta doka. A wannan yanayi, da kafa wani madadin jiki na kotun tsarin a matakin da wakilin reshen gwamnatin iya yin wani gagarumin rashin daidaituwa a rarraba iko a daban-daban rassan.

Constitutional Majalisar, iya haka zama a jihar tsarin cewa fafatawa da kotun tsarin game da fassarar da arziki na da doka ta asali, duk da cewa da ya kamata bayar da Cop kaucewa daban-daban ayyuka - mãsu unsa yin m gyara ga kundin tsarin mulki na jihar. Wannan shi ne, gyara da rubutu na da doka ta asali na kasar, qaddamar da kotun tsarin, shi ne kyawawa su ko ta yaya shawarwari tare da Rasha kotun tsarin, shan la'akari da matsayin game da fassarar data kasance dokoki. Amma a yi, da inji ya kamata a bayar ga a cikin doka a kan tsarin mulki Majalisar. Ba shi da sauki da ya yi, kamar yadda da majalisu da kuma na ~ angaren shari'a da kuma wakilin gwamnatin, a gaskiya, da nagarta daga cikin kayan abinci na ba tare da babban doka yi na jihar, dole yi aiki da kansu.

Masana sun yi imani da cewa da kafa wararriyar doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun kamata sarauta daga yiwuwar samun haraba a kan wani ɓangare na daban-daban masu ruwa da tsaki. Saboda haka, domin samuwar tsarin mulki Majalisar dole ne a shigar da irin wannan cewa shi ne m ga jama'a da kuma 'yan majalisun iko. Amma a nan, kuma, kiwata tambaya na delimitation na biyu manyan al'amurra - karfafa rawar da hannu a cikin Cop jama'a ko bayar da karin iko ga waɗanda suka riƙi yanke shawara kai tsaye a cikin aikin da tsarin mulkin Majalisar. Idan zai mai da hankali a kan ta farko inji, yiwuwar rage-rage na zaure, amma kuma za a rage ingancin da elaboration na shari'a ayyukan soma da Cop. A karo na biyu harka, da kuma baya da halin da ake ciki shi ne zai yiwu.

Saboda haka, ci gaban da kotun tsarin Dokar riko da dama muhimmanci rigima batutuwa. Yiwuwa ga su ƙuduri dogara a kan al'amurra da dama - da farko a kan matsayi na siyasa da rundunõni waɗanda ba saya ikonsu a zaben, sakamakon wanda, bi da bi, ƙayyade da jama'a wajen zabe.

Duk da cewa Jihar Duma, ya sha nanata ƙaryata daftarin dokokin a kan tsarin mulki Kotun, daban-daban na siyasa Figures sun ci gaba da magance matsalar da ci gaban da ya dace tushen dokar. Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan bazawa na doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun - wani daftarin aiki da cewa an samarwa Evgeniem Fedorovym da Anton Romanov. Wannan shirin ya sami quite mai fadi da shahararsa. Za mu yi nazarin shi a daki-daki.

a kan daftarin dokar a kan tsarin mulki Kotun Fedorov da Romanov

Wannan aikin da aka gabatar don tattaunawa a watan Satumba 2015. A m manufar fassara da matsayi na tsarin mulki majalisar Rasha Federation, da hanya ga convening da kuma aiwatar.

A lissafin da aka ɓullo da shan la'akari da arziki na Art. 134 da kuma 135 na Rasha kundin tsarin mulki. A articles na da doka ta asali na jihar ya bayyana cewa, idan Hukumomin sami bada shawarwari ga sabawa tanade-tanaden 1, 2 ko 9 surori na kundin tsarin mulki, kazalika idan wannan shirin za a goyan bayan 3/5 kuri'a na wakilan Tarayya Majalisar da kuma jihar Duma, sa'an nan, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, haka za a gudanar da ta hanyar da tsarin mulki taro. Constitutional da kuma shari'a matsayi na da dacewa dalĩli aka bayyana haka ne a yanzu dokokin, amma a yi, ya kafa ta Cop bukatar tallafi na raba dokar.

The daftarin shawarar cewa Cop ya kamata kai da shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation. The Bayani rubutu da dacewa takardu dauke da abstracts yarda hanyoyin ci gaban da Rasha kundin tsarin mulki, kazalika da zaben shi a cikin tsarin na jihar tsarin a tambaya.

Project Fedorov da Romanov ga ci gaban da Cop shari'a, da na hukumomin 'martani

Kamar yadda hukumomi sun amsa zuwa ga himma da shahararren siyasa Figures?

A lissafin daga Fedorov da Romanov aka complemented feedback samu daga gwamnatin. A daidai wannan lokaci wakilan majalisar ministocin kasar da ya wadãtu da manufar ba da goyan. A musamman, jami'an ji cewa a cikin version na dokar samarwa da Fedorov da Romanov, da majalisar da aka kafa yana da hakkin ya gudanar da ayyuka ne kawai a matsayin wucin gadi aiki dalĩli. Haka kuma, bisa ga mambobi ne na gwamnati, ba kuma mafi kyau duka bayani ya nada shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation ga post na shugaban kotun tsarin a kan filaye cewa Rasha Tsarin Mulki bai bai kyauta wannan iko ga shugaban kasar.

The daftarin doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun ma samu comments daga wakilan jihar Duma. Kamar yadda kidaya wasu wakilai,, tushen shari'a, shi ne m, kamar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da tsarin mulki Majalisar, tsarin mulki da kuma shari'a matsayi na jihar tsarin da ya kamata a dauka ba a baya fiye da zaben da jihar Duma a shekara ta 2016. A cewar hukumomi, wannan ne saboda da yiwuwar wani gagarumin gyara da siyasa a cikin ƙananan gidan na Rasha ta majalisar dokokin kasar bayan zaben.

Duk da haka dai, bisa ga 'yan siyasa, da babu doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun - mai da muhimmanci sosai rata a cikin dokokin na Rasha Federation. A dacewa tushen shari'a, kamar yadda 'yan majalisa yi imani ya kamata a soma.

Ya kamata a lura cewa da ra'ayoyi na bayyana a cikin shakka daga cikin tattaunawa daga cikin manufofin da cewa ci gaban da dokar a kan tsarin mulki Majalisar - da batun ba da gaggawa. Yadda yin lissafi da wasu hukumomi, ta tallafi shi ne ainihin wani ƙoƙari na sake duba arziki na yanzu kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda aka ba da ake bukata a halin yanzu mataki na siyasa ci gaban Rasha.

Yana hulda da manufar, bisa ga abin da ya kira da matsayi, iko na tsarin mulkin Majalisar, aka ƙi da 'yan majalisar dokokin. Har yanzu, da Rasha Federation, haka ne, ba daukar mataki dokar cewa yana da wani sashe da ayyukan dacewa dalĩli.

summary

Saboda haka, mu yi nazari a kan siffofin da kuma iko na jihar tsarin kamar yadda tsarin mulki Majalisar, halin da wannan jiki. Cop, duk da cewa ta aiki da aka bayar doka ta asali na ƙasar har ba za a iya kafa a kan filaye cewa gwamnatin tarayya doka yi ya ba da aka soma a Rasha, wanda kayyade hanya ga convening da kuma kungiyar na dacewa da hukumomin gwamnati. Bi da bi, shi kuma samar da ci gaban na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation.

Daban-daban 'yan siyasa ya qaddamar da dama ayyukan Tarayya Constitutional Law a kan tsarin mulki Kotun. Suka yi ga tattaunawa a jihar Duma, amma ga dalilai daban-daban da aka ƙi da 'yan majalisa.

Da bukatar amincewa da dokar gudãnar da aiki na wani jiki kamar tsarin mulki Majalisar, abun da ke ciki, inji na taro na jihar Tsarin, kazalika da tallafi na membobinta alhakin yanke shawara, ya jaddada da yawa 'yan siyasa. Duk da haka, wasu wakilan gwamnatin goyon wani daban-daban ra'ayi. Saboda haka, akwai wani wuri, daidai da wanda ya tabbatar da tarayya kundin tsarin doka a kan tsarin mulki Kotun ba dole, tun da tallafi, a gaskiya, na iya nufin cewa gwamnati na son fara wani canji a cikin data kasance Rasha kundin tsarin mulki.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa domin na bukatar ci gaba da ya dace tushen dokar da aka qaddamar a shekarar 2012, shugaban kasar Rasha. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa cewa Hukumomin ne tukuna dauki doka a cikin foreseeable nan gaba.