Bourgeois sake fasalin na 60-70 shekaru na XIX karni a Rasha

Tun farkon karni na sha tara a Turai da juyin juya halin masana'antu fara. Yana take kaiwa zuwa da bukatar kawo canji da yawa yankunan. Hanzari "sāke gina" a wani sabon hanya, kasashen Turai da yawa tsẽre Rasha. Wannan, bi da bi, yin hannu a cikin Crimean War, ta sake ganin wani rauni da tsarist gwamnatin da na sarki siyasa a general. Akwai rataye nauyi yanayi na jiran.

Alexander II na cike da sanin cewa zai yi a gudanar da sauye-sauye na 60-70 shekaru - wannan lokaci bukaci wani sabon, cikin sauri ya bar baya da Rasha a Turai. Lura cewa Sarkin da ake bukata babba jimiri da ƙarfin hali don zuwa mutane suke so mataki ga wasu azuzuwan. A lokaci guda babu sauran zabi. Bourgeois sake fasalin na 60-70 shekaru na karni na 19th kasance da za a gudanar.

Shiri ne mai tsawo shekaru shida. A farko ideas tashi a farkon 1855, amma bai sami wani gagarumin ci gaba, saboda da canji na sarki (a cikin shekara na Nicholas I nasara Alexander II). A karshen Crimean War sanya shi yiwuwa a dauki m siyasa mafi musamman. Yanzu da bourgeois sake fasalin na 60-70 shekaru an rayayye shawarce a cikin mafi girman da'irori. Na farko kuma mafi muhimmanci garambawul - "Shelar na kauda tashe serfdom" a 1861 wannan daftarin aiki to alama na shida da ranar tunawa da zaman a kan kursiyin, Alexander II ya ba da manoma sirri yanci. Irin wannan mataki ya tura Sauran bourgeois sake fasalin na 60-70 shekaru, sanya shi yiwuwa a gudanar da wani sauran manyan canje-canje. Duk da haka, wannan amfani da aka fentin wani mummunan inuwa. Tare da free manoma samu sirri ... Ba komai. Land - su main m, ya kasance a cikin wata rahama daga mai masauki. Ga mata, manomi ya biya fansar kudi, wanda ya yi ba. A gaskiya ma, mutane sun an yi watsi da su su ƙaddara. Don babban har shi buga gyare-gyare da mai masauki tattalin arziki, saboda talakawa na manoma mayar da su cikin garuruwa aiki.

Irin wannan m canji a kasar ya kai ga wasu bourgeois sake fasalin na 60-70 shekaru. Wadannan sun hada da yankunan karkara, shari'a, soja, birni da kuma ilimi.

A shari'a garambawul gabatar m da kuma lauya. Yanzu da kotu ta zama rigima. A key yanke shawara ya juri, wanda mika saukar da hukunci a kan mutum laifi. Mahukunta rawa sanya kawai wajen saka idanu da daidaito da nassi daga cikin tsari.

Zemstvo garambawul hada da gabatarwar kai gwamnati a filin. Yanzu zemstvos hada da wakilan duk azuzuwan. Daga cikin isa yabo na Zemstvos ya kamata a lura da kafa wani cibiyar sadarwa na ilimi da kuma kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin.

Soja gyara shafi samuwar akai sojojin ta duniya aiki sabis. Duk da haka, lokacin da ta da yawa rage. Maimakon shekaru 25 da aka yanzu kai a kalla shekaru shida a wasu soja rassan. A sabis da aka kira Fit domin kiwon lafiya dalilai mutanen da suka kai da shekaru ashirin da daya.

Na yi wasu abũbuwan amfãni, kuma ilimi garambawul. A cewar ta, kowane yaro ya samu wani asali ilimi, samun mafi girma ilimi ne ƙa'ida bude ga mutanen da dukan zamantakewa azuzuwan, jami'o'i sami cin gashin kansu.

Bourgeois sake fasalin na 60-70 shekaru, ba shakka, yana da kyau sakamakon. Godiya ga shi Rasha daga wani agrarian kasar da aka juya zuwa cikin masana'antu, ko da yake noma har yanzu bautar wani manyan girma a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Duk da haka, bunkasa masana'antu ci gaba apace. Irin wannan canje-canje basu da goyan bayan duk. Da Alexander II juya zalunci da populists, suka yi ta maimaita sanya yunkurin a kan ransa. A 1881, wannan yunkurin ya da wani rabo, amma mota da aka riga aka kaddamar da sake fasalin da kuma kasar karshe shiga wani sabon mataki na ci gaba.