Yakin duniya na II - shi ne ... nawa cikin gida da yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin tarihi na Rasha

Lokacin, a lokacin yakin da dukan al'umma yakan kare mahaifarsa, ko da aji da dũkiyõyi, to, shi ne ake kira m. A wasu kalmomin, World War - shi ne a lokacin da mutane suna fada ga kasar su, don samun 'yancin kai da kuma' yanci daga invaders ba tilastawa ba, amma a kan tushen da suka gaskata da kuma kyawawan dabi'u.

Ta yaya da yawa yaƙe-yaƙe a Rasha suna dauke gida

A Rasha na kasa da aka fara kira da yaki da Napoleon. Official littafai m matsayi samu biyu wars:

1. Patriotic War of 1812.
2. The Great Patriotic War.

Kuma a cikin 1812, da kuma a 1945 da mutane na Rasha ya ci maƙiyi, kare 'yancin kai na hãlãyensu. Sojojin Rasha gabatar a Paris a 1814. A irin wannan babban rabo ya a Berlin a shekarar 1945. Wannan nasara kudin kasar da kuma ta mutane na babban tashin hankali.

Bayan da cewa wadannan yaki ya dauki wata babbar adadin kudi da kuma kayan albarkatun, da sosai babban rashi da aka asarar dubban (1812-1814) da kuma miliyoyi (1941-1945) mutane. Duk da wannan, Rasha ya kare ta statehood, kuma a sakamakon wadannan nasarori shi ne babban tasiri ikon duniya.

Napoleon ta kai hari a kan sojojin Rasha

Rasha ta yaki da Faransa bayan 1810 a da yawa hanyoyi makawa geopolitical dalilai, amma m-akai domin ta farkon da aka a take hakkin da alkawari daga Tilsit. Yana fara 12 ga watan Agusta, 1812, a lokacin da Napoleon ta sojojin kãma Rasha sansanin soja na Kovno. A farko karo zo a rana. Yawan da dannawa sojojin 240.000 mutane.

A Rasha soja ba a dauka da mamaki da hari, kamar yadda biyu m da kuma tsaron gida tsare-tsaren domin yaki da Napoleon ta sojojin da aka gani tun 1810. A farko yaki da baya da dannawa Napoleon ya dakarun na 1 st da 2 nd Army. Da farko Army jagorancin Barclay de Tolly, da kuma na biyu - Bagration. A total number of sojoji daga cikin sojojin da aka 153.000, wanda aka dauke da makamai 758 bindigogi.

Guerrilla yaki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kasa

Daya nau'i na jure Napoleon ta sojojin kasance da yaƙin motsi. By shawarar da Rasha sojojin da aka kafa hannu raka'a, wanda aka samu nasarar aiki a cikin maƙiyi raya. Amma a nasu, ba tare da goyon bayan na yawan jama'ar, su zai zama kasa wajen gudanar da ayyuka. Support na mutane ya tabbatar da cewa jure Napoleon - a real yakin duniya na II. Wannan an tabbatar da mayakan sa kai - manoma da suka halarci a cikin yãƙi, kuma waɗanda suka bayar da Rasha sojojin da guerrillas tare da abinci da kuma fodder.

The manoma a kowane hanya sabotaged da umarni da buƙatun daga Faransa. Suka ƙi samar musu da abinci - ƙone dukan reserves, don haka suka ba su samun wani maƙiyi. Ko ƙone gidajensu, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa cikin dazuzzuka da kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu. Heroes yakin duniya na II, a 1812, ya dauki bangare a cikin partisan motsi:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich.
• Denis Vasilevich Davydov.
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov.
• Alexander Samoylovich Figner.

A takaice game da yakin na 1812

A karo na farko da Faransa sojojin kama da Rasha matsayi. Idan umurnin da Rasha sojojin karkashin jagorancin Mikhail Kutuzov, da dabarun da yarda su kayar da abokin gaba da aka ɓullo da. A ritaya daga Moscow ya taimaka ajiye m sojojin da kuma dakatar da gaba na Napoleon zurfi a cikin Rasha.

Famous Tarutino rawar daji Kutuzov - tashi domin Moscow bayan yakin Borodino da kuma dakatar da sansanin a Tarutino - yarda ka kunna komowar ruwa na yaki. Tarutino yaƙi shi ne na farko da manyan Rasha aiki da cewa kawo undoubted nasara. A lokacin da shekaru na yakin duniya na II ya game goma manyan sikelin-fadace-fadace da cewa rinjayi tafarkinsa:

• a Moleva fadama.
• karkashin ja.
• na Smolensk.
• Valutina a duwãtsu;
• Borodino.
• a Tarutino.
• Maloyaroslavets.

The yaki ya ƙare tare da Napoleon ta sojojin a watan Mayu 1814 bayan da sallama daga Paris da kuma sanya hannu a yarjejeniya da su. Rasha sojojin gabatar a Paris. Duk da haka, wannan ba yakin duniya na II, shi ne daya daga cikin matakai na kwata 'yanci na Turai. A War of 1812 shekara, bayar da manifesto da Alexander I, aka kammala bayan yakin a kan 14-16 Nuwamba kusa da kogin Berezina. War of 1812 - wannan na bayyana ƙarfin zuciya kwamandojin sojan kasar da kuma hikima dabarun, da kuma amfani da dukan mutane, dukan sojojin kãfira makiya.

Great Patriotic War

Jamus, ba tare da game da yarjejeniya hannu a cikin 39th shekara, a watan Yuni, ya keta yankin kan iyakoki na Tarayyar Soviet. Yuni 22, Mai girma Patriotic War na 1941-1945. Hitler ta da tsare-tsaren envisaged blitzkrieg - walƙiya m da kuma fadawar Tarayyar Soviet a cikin 'yan watanni. Irin wannan dabara Hitler amfani fara daga 39th, wanda ya yale shi ya kama rabin na Turai.

Duk da haka, a cikin fadace-fadace a kan Soviets, wannan dabarar ba su biya kashe. Duk da yake a cikin farkon shekaru na yakin duniya na II (1941-1942) da Jamusanci sojojin ya iya lashe babba ƙasa, amma shi ba ya dace da shirin "Barbarossa". Wannan shiri da ta kira ga karshen ayyukan soji da karshen 1941, da kuma Rasha, a wancan lokaci, ya zuwa har abada bace daga siyasa taswirar duniya.

A Soviet mutane ya nuna cewa Great Patriotic War - da gaske mai mutane ta yaki. Irinta heroism soja hampered ci gaba a gabashin Jamus sojojin. Bi da bi, da yaƙin raka'a pinned saukar da manyan sojojin na Wehrmacht, sanya shi wuya samar da abinci da kuma harsasai. Wadannan dalilai sun yarda da matsakaicin rage gudu da m, tara soja m, kuma ka kau da komowar ruwa na yaki.

A buɗi na Soviet mutane a lokacin yaki heroism

The Great Patriotic War sassaukar da mafi kyaun halaye a Soviet mutane. Shiri domin kai musu saboda mahaifarsa da kuma ƙarfin hali - wadannan halaye ne ba togiya amma kullum. Heroes yakin duniya na II - akwai miliyoyin mutane. Fiye da 11 da mutane dubu da aka bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin tsawon 1941-1945. Yana aka yi aiki kamar 38 da miliyan umarni da lambar yabo. A mahimmin juzu'in aka bayar posthumously.

Mutane da yawa littattafan bayyana exploits yakin duniya na II, yin fim da yawa fina-finai, wanda ya nuna ayyukan heroism na Soviet sojoji da ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu. Daya daga cikin haske misalai na ƙarfin hali ne:

• Ft Matrosov. Jikinsa rufe maƙiyi bunker da kuma bari da naúrar yi fama manufa.
• Ft Gastello. Frantsevich Nicholas tsalle daga kona jirgin sama, da kuma aika da shi a cikin m da sojojin abokan gaba da kuma kayan aiki.
• Ft Catherine Zelenko. A lokacin yaki, a lokacin da ta jirgin sama bar ba tare da fetur ba, ta tafi wurin ragon da kuma buga ta maƙiyi jirgin saman soja.

Chronology na tashin

Tun da farkon tashin Soviet sojojin suka yi jihãdi a tsaron gida yaƙi da aka tilasta koma baya. A karshen 1942 - farkon 1943 gudanar ya dauki himma, a wurin yaƙi a kan. Stalingrad da Kursk fadace-fadace da aka juya. The Great Patriotic War na 1941-1945. Na tuna da irin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tarayyar Soviet:

• Yuni 22, 1941 - mayaudara mamayewa na Jamus sojojin.
• Daga Yuni zuwa Satumba 1941 Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, Kiev da aka kama.
• Daga Yuli 10 zuwa 10 ga watan Satumba, 1941 dade Battle of Smolensk.
• Satumba 1941-27 Janairu 1944 ta ci gaba da kawancen na Leningrad.
• Satumba 1941-Afrilu 1942. - Jamus sojojin da aka inganta a kan karkata daga Moscow.
• Tun tsakiyar watan Yuli 1942 zuwa Fabrairu 1943 dade da yaki don Stalingrad (Stalingrad).
• Yuli 1942-Oktoba 1943. - Battle ga Caucasus.
• A watan Yuli-Agusta 1943, shi da aka gudanar a babbar tanki yaƙi (Battle of Kursk).
• Daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba 1943 shi dade Smolensk m aiki.
• Karshen watan Satumba 1943 - mararraba na Dnieper.
• A watan Nuwamba, 1943, ya fito da Kiev.
• Maris 1, 1944 cikakken don ya dauke kawancen na Leningrad.
• A Afrilu 1944 ya fito da Crimea.
• A watan Yuli 1944, Minsk da aka 'yanci.
• A watan Satumba kuma Nuwamba 1944 saki Baltic jamhuriyoyin.

Tanadi iyakokin da nasara

By karshen shekarar 1944, Tarayyar Soviet, da yankin da aka mayar da su kan iyakoki kamar yadda suka kasance kafin Jamus hari. Sa'an nan ya fara ayyukan soji a kan ƙasa na kasashen Turai, kama da Jamus sojojin. Bayan su saki, shi kaddamar da wani farmakin a kan ƙasa na Jamus tun shekarar 1945. A karshe nasara a yakin duniya na II ya faru bayan May 8, da Jamus umurnin ya sanya hannu da kayan aiki na sallama.

Yakin duniya na II, wanda ya nuna ƙarfin hali da kuma ɗaure a kan na Soviet mutane, ya ba da dama halin kirki darussa. Nasara a cikin wannan yaki yarda da Tarayyar Soviet ba kawai don kare 'yancin kai, amma kuma ya zama jagorancin player a duniya geopolitical scene.