Cubism - menene wannan? Cubism a art. Wakilai daga cikin kwatance da kuma hoto a cikin style of Cubism

Ana zargin Cubism nasa ne da 1906-1907 shekara. Yana ci gaba da ta samo asali da wannan Trend yafi a Faransa (fice wakilan ne Picasso, H. G. Griss da Aure), kazalika da a wasu sauran ƙasashe.

Mene ne Cubism?

Bari mu yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya. Cubism - shi ne na musamman m motsi, wanda harshen dogara ne a kan nakasawa da abubuwa, da bazuwar cikin lissafi jirage, canjawa siffar.

Babban ra'ayin a kan wanda aka gina shi, akwai wani ƙoƙari na bayyana haduwar, da bambancin da suke kewaye da gaskiya tare da taimakon sauki sarari model da kuma siffofin mamaki da kuma abubuwa. Ana zargin wannan Trend ya canza da yawa na kafa akida, da kuma na ado ra'ayoyi a Turai zanen. Wakilai daga cubism m da "Tantancewar hakikanci", bar yanayi a matsayin abu na gani art, ta fuskar da chiaroscuro a matsayin kawai wajen m magana.

Pablo Picasso

Don wannan karshen, da zane-zane a ko'ina ya aiki da aka halin da aiki a dama styles lokaci guda. Picasso bi da bi koma ga wata gaba daya m hanya don bayyana su hali.

Za ka iya samun kuma cubist zanen, iyaka a kan abstractionism da labarun almara a cikin aikinsa. Wani lokaci, a gwagwarmayar da yadda ya gusa daga gargajiya zane-zane, da cewa ya koma zuwa ga hanyar idon basira art ya sawwaƙe. Duk da haka, da artist halitta mai ban mamaki hotuna da kuma har yanzu lifes a cikin style of cubism. Sun kasance sũ ne mai idon basira da ayyuka da aka rubuta a cikin Sankiran, mutum style. Traditional m kafofin watsa labarai, wadda aka yi amfani da marubucin, shi ne mafita na zamani da matsaloli. Daya daga cikin na farko hotuna fentin a cikin style of cubism, wani zanen "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" ta Pablo Picasso. Wannan aiki na art aka halin da wani sabon abu da grotesque: a nan aka nuna coarsened Figures ba tare da abubuwa na chiaroscuro da kuma hangen zaman gabatar a matsayin mai hade da bazu kundin a cikin jirgin sama.

halayyar siffofin

Faransa zargi L. Vaucelles buga da Kalmar "Cubist" a 1908 a matsayin derisive sunan artists depicting gaskiya da taimakon yau da kullum da na lissafi da uku-girma siffofi (Silinda, mazugi, shigen sukari, Sphere). Wannan aiki na dauke da kalubale ga hadisai na idon basira art. Zane-zane a cikin style of cubism daban-daban janye zuwa launuka austerity, to ri, sauki siffofin da asali da muradi (misali, kayayyakinsa, a itace, ko a gidan). Mai fili, wannan fasalin bayyana kanta a cikin aikinsa a farkon "Cezanne" lokaci (1907-1909). Artist P. Cézanne jaddada dorewa da kuma haƙiƙa duniya. faceted kundin, wanda ya yi amfani da hanyar canja kayan aiki image, ta samar da wata irin taimako, da kuma launuka emit wasu fuskoki dabam-dabam na abubuwa a lokaci guda karfafa da kuma shattering girma. A na gaba mataki na ci gaba da Cubism - "hikimar tantance" (1910-1912). A batu ne zuwa kashi karami sassa, sauƙi gaßoßi daga juna, da kuma siffar jũna a yada a kan zane. Karshe, wani "roba" mataki (1912-1914) ne mafi ado, m zane-zane ne planar bangarori, akwai wasu textural abubuwa - m Tsarin, lambobi (collages), foda ... A daidai wannan lokaci, kunno kai da kuma cubist sassaka. Picasso da Braque zane-zane sau da yawa sun hada da wasu haruffa ko kalmomi. Wadannan inscriptions ne kullum ba daidai da abun ciki, amma ya taimaka baƙi fahimta nuni game da artist ta ganewa.

A dauki na masu sauraro

The masu sauraro zuwa ga ayyukan Cubists bi da tare da irony, wani lokacin ma endowing su unflattering epithets kuma jeers. A latsa buga mutuncin zargi, da halittarsa wani lokacin kusanci zuwa jama'a abin kunya. Da masu kallo suka samu kansu a wani nuni da Cubist zane-zane, da fuskantar majiyai cewa za a iya kwatanta su da mutum hankula, za a nice tafiya, amma maimakon samu wani gayyatar su shiga a cikin aikin gina sababbin hanyoyi.

Wannan dauki tabbatar da cewa ta miƙa mulki ga wannan yanki ne hanzari ya faru, duk da dogon lokaci na shirye-shiryen, a lokacin da babban birnin kasar ta masu sauraro zai yi fadada sãsanni da yawa. Duk da haka, cubism, hotuna fentin a cikin wannan style, kamar wasu bangare na masu sauraro da kuma samu goyon baya daga patrons.

Tasirin Cubism a kan art

Wannan Trend karfi da tasiri ga cigaban m tunani. Cubism a art nuna sabon yayi na rayuwa a duk fuskoki dabam-dabam da kuma saba wa juna: na bin tsarin dimokuradiyya - da amincewa da primitivism, da kin amincewa da mutum, da masu zaman kansu masallaci bangaskiya a kimiyya - marmarin ƙirƙirar "nahawu da art," da search for haƙiƙa hanyoyin.

Yau, kowane unbiased mutum, admiring ayyukan Impressionist, a fili ya bambanta da al'ada saba mana furanni. Amma a lokacin wani bayyanar duka kamar cewa Cubism - shi ne mai real juyin juya halin a art. Yana nazarin da aka shugabanci dukan data kasance zanen aka gyara. Image format, launi da kuma mikakke hangen zaman gaba, da kundin suna matukar.

Cubism a Rasha

A wannan zamanin gabanin fitowan Cubism, a cikin kasar, kamar yadda a Faransa, a girma sha'awa cikin jama'a, gargajiya kerawa. A wannan lokaci, matasa Rasha artists aka halin ba kawai sha'awar "m" art (ciki har da Afirka ta), amma kuma bege ga inviolability na m, gine-gine da abun da ke ciki, kazalika da imani a cikin wani wasu juna da kari ically ilmin lissafi abubuwan.

A aikin da yawa Rasha artists na wani wuri ne Cubism (wanda Chagall, Lentulov, Archipenko, Altman da sauransu). Duk da haka, da tsakiyar adadi ne haƙĩƙa Kazimir Malevich. Ya pedagogical aiki da kerawa, kazalika da msar tambayar aiki da wani babban tasiri a kan samuwar wani Trend.

"Black Square"

Yana iya ze cewa babu wani abu sauki fiye da a zana baki square a kan wani farin baya. Wannan na iya wakiltar, mai yiwuwa, wani mutum. Amma a nan na da wuyar warwarewa: wannan sanannen zanen da Rasha artist Malevich har yanzu janyo hankalin hankalin masu bincike da kuma art masoya, ko da yake an halitta a farkon karni na karshe. Kamar yadda wani abu mai wuyar ganewa, kamar yadda wani labari, a matsayin wata alama Rasha avant-garde ...

An ce da artist, tun da aka rubuta "Black Square", ya gane ba abin da ya yi, da kuma na dogon lokaci ba zai iya ci ko barci. A gaskiya, da wuya aikin da aka yi da zane ya zo a cikin kasancewarsa. Bayan duk, idan ka kalle shi, a crack zama rarrabe ƙananan yadudduka - kore, ruwan hoda, a fili, akwai wani mai launi abun da ke ciki, amma marubucin dauke shi ya gaza da kuma rubuta a kan shi a baki square. Wannan aiki na art aka couched a cikin style of cubism. Malevich ta zane-zane da suka bambanta, amma ya yi imani da cewa shi ne "Black Square" ne pinnacle na m aiki.