Ancient Roman gine: da m ƙawa

Ancient Roma aka karin ba kawai domin ta soja tarihi. Ga fiye da dubu-shekara tarihi daga cikin zuriyar Romawa bayar kyau kwarai doka tsarin, aza harsashin ginin comedy da kuma satire, rhetorical art. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk sha'awan yau ne al'adu da kuma aikin injiniya da cewa bar baya da gine-gine na zamanin d Roma. A ci gaba da yi da kuma aikin injiniya Ancient Roman Empire ne zuwa kashi uku main lokaci: Republican, na mallaka da kuma lokaci na Principate da kuma mamaye.

Ancient Roma: Jamhuriyar lokaci gine (tsakiyar VI - tsakiyar na karni BC.)

Idan kana bukatar daya kalma don bayyana wannan lokacin, za su zama "kankare." An sa'an nan ƙirƙira musamman abun da ke ciki hada da pumice, volcanic ash, lemun tsami da ruwan dutse. Kankare ya zama mai nasara a cikin yiwuwar gina musamman iri gine-gine - high-Yunƙurin, wanda a wannan lokaci na tarihi da aka halin kawai don Roman Jamhuriyar. Tare da kankare amfani da tuff, bulo da marmara.

Ancient Roman gine na cewa lokaci ne halin da iri biyu gine-gine - peripter (rectangular) da kuma rotunda (zagaye-dimbin yawa ginin). A cikin zane da kuma gina gine-gine suna amfani hudu umarni - Doric, ionic, Corinthian da Tuscan. Tare da su taimako, da na gargajiya Monuments aka gina - Basil Kaisar, da Haikalin Vesta, sabon Forum, Haikalin Venus. To, akwai hadisin Popular jama'a wuraren da monumental mutummutumai, a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na wanda aka rinjayi Girka.

Ancient Roman gine na Republican lokacin ba Yunƙurin zuwa yi da kuma yin amfani da monumental hanyoyi, gadoji da kuma sturdy, ba shakka, aqueducts (ruwa bututu). Bugu da kari, da sabuwar dabara na kankare yarda da su sun hada aikin injiniya gungu arches, vaults da kuma domes, kazalika da hankula a cewa lokaci na tarihi ne kawai zuwa Roma ta high-Yunƙurin gine-gine.

Mallaka lokaci - heyday na gargajiya gine-gine da tunani (I karni BC -. II na karni AD.)

Rigor da monumentality a hade tare da alatu - cewa shi ne halin da gine na zamanin d Roma cewa lokaci. Fara shi, da kuma m duk a kan Roman Empire, sa mai girma Oktavian Avgust. A karkashin ya jagoranci daga aikin injiniya yi a matsayi na biyu daga tubali. Ƙirƙirar sabon forum, da lu'u-lu'u wanda ya zama Haikalin Mars cikin azabar ramuwa, haikalin Apollo, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marcellus. New gine-gine Trend aka da ake ji da frescoes a kan garun gine-gine da kuma m amfani da duwatsu masu daraja da zinariya a ciki da ado.

Amma duk da haka wani abu matsayi a cikin wannan lokaci na ci gaba da gine-gine kasance a cikin Flavian daular da kuma Sarkin sarakuna Trajan. Qarqashin su ne da ake gina da pantheon ( "Haikalin dukan gumakan") da kuma Colosseum - a gaskiya alama ce na zamani da Italiya. Lokacin da su ma yi amfani da wani ɓangare na gina nasara arches - wani hadisin har yanzu a amfani a yau.

Halin da matsananci m Romawa haifar da musamman gine-gine - sharuddan. Gine-ginen sun ɓullo da su, sabõda haka thermoregulation Roman baho da aka za'ayi a cikin bene, kuma ganuwar, kuma addashin manufa na "dumi kasa".

Ancient Roma: gine lokaci principate dominative kuma (III a - fadowa Empire.).

Wannan lokaci ne halin da wani zato miƙa mulki daga kafirci zuwa Kristanci. Sarkin sarakuna Constantine a 313 shelanta na aikin mika mulki ga sabon addini na daya Allah, wanda aka nuna ba kawai a cikin zamantakewa da al'adu rai. Ancient Roman gine na lokacin halin da m gina Basil - na farko na aikin Kirista majami'u. Sun sha gargajiya Roman fasahar gina addini Tsarin, a hade tare da na Gabas abubuwa.

Nuna da kai hare-hare na dabbanci, da Roman sarakuna aka tilasta gina wani musamman karfi tsaron gida ganuwar, wani sananne misali na wanda shi ne Aurelian Walls. Abin baƙin ciki, ba su tsira daga fall mai girma a daular, amma fasahar amfani da su yi, kuma a tsakiyar zamanai.

Ancient Roman gine da kuma har yanzu fascinates ba kawai talakawa mutane amma kuma wahayi kwararru. Gine-gine da kuma Tsarin daular suna dukar a cikin brevity da cikawa Lines. Ci gaba a kan shekara dubu biyu da suka wuce, da ka'idodin yi na babban da kuma karin gine-gine dace da daidai da zamani a fannin aikin injiniya kimiyya. Sauran gine-gine Monuments kai da zamani ruhu na gaskiya Empire.