The Roman Jamhuriyar

Bayan fitar da wani amincewa da overbearing Tarquinius Superbus a Roma ta kafa wani Republican gwamnati. Roman Jamhuriyar (. 509 - 27 BC) da aka gudanar a biyu bulan a tarihi: abin da ake kira farkon (509-265 BC.) Kuma marigayi (264-27 BC). Jamhuriyar. A lokacin da samuwar a Roma hanzari ci gaba da samar, wanda da gudummawar da manyan canje-canje zaman.

A jihar tsarin na zamanin d Roma a cikin wannan lokaci hadawa da siffofin na aristocratic da mulkin demokra] iyya. A gata na nobility mallakar - arziki Elite slaveholders.

Tsaye a Roma sun kawai wadanda suke da 'yanci, da iyali da kuma dan kasa. A daukacin jama'ar da aka raba free kuma bawa. Tsohon, bi da bi, lissafta biyu aji kungiyoyin: saman arziki bawa-masu da kuma kananan sikelin-kera (manoman da kuma sana'a, wanda shi ne m da kuma birane matalauta). Bayi da aka mallakar jihar ko masu zaman kansu mutanen.

Roman Jamhuriyar jũyar da su a cikin babban maida su ba kome aji. Bauta kafofin da aka dauka a matsayin fursunonin yaki, kazalika da farkon gudanar da aiki samoprodazha. Da ikon da masu bayi da babu hane-hane.

By kabila duka free jama'ar na jamhuriyar aka raba 'yan ƙasa da kuma Peregrine (' yan kasashen waje). Jama'a zama bayi da kuma freedmen, amma suka iyakance a su 'yancin.

Bayan II -II a. BC wani galihu aji - Waɗannan su ne manya (arziki patricians da plebs tip) da kuma mahaya (kasuwanci da kuma kudi know gonaki). Don shiga cikin taron jama'a, kazalika da rike gosdolzhnosti iya kawai maigidan - da shugaban iyalansu.

Tsarin siyasa na Roman Jamhuriyar kuwa ya kasance. A mafi jihar hukumomi sun wadannan: Majalisar Dattawa, da mutane ta congresses da kuma digiri na biyu. Mutane ta Majalisar kasance daga iri uku: centuriata, tributa da kuriatnye. Babban rawa aka buga da tarurruka centuriata. By tsakiyar III. BC Majalisar tsarin ya canza. Sun riga aka gabatar ba kawai aristocrats kuma m bawa masu, da kuma kowane daga cikin ragowa da m 'yan ƙasa fara nuna wannan adadin ƙarni. A cikin ikon yinsa, daga su iyawa to tallafi na dokokin, furucin na yaki, gunaguni da mutuwa sentences.

Muhimmancin a zamantakewa da siyasar rayuwar buga ta majalisar dattijai. Ko da yake bisa ga ƙa'ida shi ne wani shawarwari jiki, amma ta iko da kuma ayyuka sun kudi, yan majalisu, na addini daba, gyara shimfidar wuri, jama'a tsaro da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin.

Jama'a ofishin aka kira magistracy. Suka kasu kashi al'ada (talakawa) post consuls, dakatar, praetors, quaestors, da dai sauransu kuma m (m) halitta a lokacin gaggawa yanayi: wars da dai sauransu tawayen A cewar majalisar dattijai, zai sanya mulkin mallaka.

The Roman Jamhuriyar aka dogara ne a kan sojojin, wadda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa musamman a cikin rayuwar jihar. A wannan lokacin kasashen waje da manufofin da aka halin da kusan m yaƙe-yaƙe. Akwai wani gwagwarmaya tare da Carthage ga mallaki Yammacin Rum (game da 120 shekaru, daga 264 BC zuwa 146 BC, dade Punic Wars). Har ila yau a wannan lokaci asusu domin yaki da Syria da kuma Macedonia. By 146 BC Roman Jamhuriyar kafa ta daukaka a kan Rum.

Development of bawa al'umma a sau na jamhuriyar kai ga ƙarin tsanani daga cikin al'ummar da kuma aji saba wa juna. A II. BC. e. rikicin ya barke polis kungiyar.

A auka na jamhuriyar aka tare da events kamar biyu Sicilian bawa tawaye da kuma a karkashin umurnin Spartacus (74-70 gg.do BC), da gwagwarmaya tsakanin manyan da kananan gonaki, da juyin juya halin Musulunci yunkuri na yankunan karkara plebs jagorancin Gracchi yan'uwansa, da Allied yaki obscheitaliyskim tawaye Roma ta ikon, wanda ƙare tare da kafa mulkin kama karya na Sulla, sa'an nan - Kaisar.