2 Nicholas renunciation na kursiyin. A dalilai, ranar abdication daga kursiyin 2. 2 Shelar Nicholas na abdication

Waɗanda suka faru a halin yanzu da cewa nan a ranar (Maris 2, 1917) a cikin jirgin kasa sarauta jirgin kasa, da wuya tsammani cewa ranar abdication daga kursiyin 2 ba kawai ya kammala wani lokaci na gaba sarautar, amma kuma ya buɗe ƙofofin sabon duniya, m kuma m. Ya jini whirlpool halakar da daular cewa mulki karnuka uku, aka ƙaddara mutum ga halaka dukan tushe na rayuwa rinjaye sama da shekaru dubu na Rasha tarihi.

Matsaloli bukata da gaggawa mafita

Sa 2 abdication daga kursiyin kafe a cikin deepest siyasa da tattalin arziki da rikicin a Rasha a farkon 1917. A farko bayanai game da yadawa bala'i da sarki, wanda yake a cikin waɗannan kwanaki in Mogilev, samu a ranar 27 Fabrairu. A wani sakon waya zo daga Petrograd ruwaito da ke faruwa a cikin tarzoma.

Yana magana da kisan-kiyashi da samar da jama'a na sojojin na ajiye bataliya, tare da fararen hula wawushe shagunan da tsãwa ofisoshin 'yan sanda. A halin da ake ciki da aka aggravated da cewa duk wani yunkurin pacify titi taron jagoranci kawai maras wata-wata zubar da jini.

Wannan halin da ake ciki ake kira ga gaggawa da kuma hukunci mataki, amma babu wani daga cikin wadanda ba a lokacin da fare ba a dauke shi a kan kaina nuna wani himma, da kuma, ta haka, alhakin fadi a kan sarki. A cikin muhawarar tsakanin masu rinjaye da aka karkata zuwa ga ra'ayin asasshe zuwa Jihar Duma da kuma canja wurin ta ikon ya halicci gwamnati. Daga cikin mafi girma da umurninMu, a taru a waɗannan kwanaki a hedkwatar, bãbu kõwa da ya dauke a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin warware matsalar na abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin.

Kwanan wata, hotuna da kuma wani Chronology na abubuwan da suka faru na waɗannan kwanaki

28 Fabrairu mafi kaffa generals har yanzu gan bege a cikin samuwar na hukuma da jagorancin jama'a Figures. Wadannan mutane ba su san da cewa sun shaida farkon mafi m da kuma tausayi Rasha tawaye, wanda ba za a iya dakatar da duk wani administrative matakan.

Kwanan wata na abdication daga kursiyin 2 inexorably gabatowa, amma a cikin wadannan kwanaki na arshe na zamanin mulkinsa, da sarki kokarin daukar karin matakan kawo halin da ake ciki a karkashin iko. A cikin photo, sanya shi a cikin wata takarda gabatar da sarki, sarki a waɗannan kwanaki cike da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya bayar da umarnin a cikin riba kudi da aka jurewa magani a cikin Crimea, sanannen sojojin janar N. I. Ivanov. Yana da aka alhakin manufa: a kai na bataliya Knights na St. George je mayar da oda, da farko a Tsarskoye Selo, sa'an nan a cikin Petrograd.

A kasa ƙoƙari karya a cikin Petrograd

Bugu da kari, sarki a cikin wannan rana ya aiko da wani sakon waya zuwa jihar Duma Shugaban M. V. Rodzyanko a cikin abin da amsa ga kafa wata ma'aikatar kafa daga wakilai, gano su. Da sassafe, da na sarki jirgin kasa ya tashi daga dandamali da kuma dauki shugabanci na Petrograd, amma su zo gare shi a ƙayyadadden lokaci da aka ba su zama.

Lokacin da sanyin safiya na Maris 1 isa tashar "Malaya Vishera", kuma ya kasance babu fiye da ɗari biyu da mil, shi ya zama sananne ga 'yan tawayen babban birnin kasar, cewa karin ci gaba ne ba zai yiwu ba, tun da tashar ne a kan hanyar da wadannan aka aiki sauyi shiryayye sojoji. Wannan a fili ya nuna sikelin cewa ya dauki anti-zangar, kuma tare da tsoratarwa tsabta dukan bala'i da fallasa da zurfin, da koli na wanda shi ne abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin.

Koma Pskov

Yana da aka kawo hadari ga tsaya a Malaya Vishera, da kuma yanayi gamsu da sarki bi a Pskov. Akwai, a hedkwatar arewacin gaban, su iya dogara a kan kariya daga kasancewa da aminci ga rantsuwar soja raka'a karkashin umurnin Janar N. V. Rozovskogo. Tafi can da kuma a kan hanya tsaya a tashar a Staraya Russa, Nicholas ya karshe halarta taron taru a kan dandamali, ya kashe su iyakoki, da kuma da yawa gurfãne, gaishe su kome da kowa.

Juyin juya halin Musulunci Petrograd

Irin wannan magana na ji na biyayya, wanda yana da dogon hadisi yiwuwa an lura kawai a lardin. Petersburg ne Boiled a cikin kasko na juyin juya halin. A nan, sarauta ba a gane ga kowa da kowa. Tituna suna cike da tashin hankali. A dukan wuraren da Jahĩm, ja zane flags da kuma gaggauta namalovannyh Banners kira ga kifar da autocracy. All jadada sananne kuma makawa abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin.

A takaice jerin mafi halayyar events na waɗannan kwanaki, shaidu lura da cewa babbar sha'awa taro wani lokacin kai da hali na ciwon iska. Don da yawa ya zama kamar ma cewa duk abin da duhu a cikin rayuwar ne a kan, da kuma gaba da zuwan m da haske kwanaki. A wani matsanancin taron na Jihar Duma aka gaggawa kafa da wucin gwamnatin, da suka hada da mutane da yawa makiya Nicholas II, kuma daga cikinsu - wani outspoken abokin gaba na daular mulkinsu, memba na Socialist-Revolutionary Party A. F. Kerensky.

A kofar zuwa Tauride Palace, inda jihar Duma, ina aka tafiya da m haduwa inda jawabai, maye gurbinsu da wanda bai yankẽwa maye, da kara rura wutar ni'ima daga cikin jama'a. Dadin musamman nasara a nan ministan shari'a, da sabuwar kafa gwamnati - waccan mujalla da muka AF Kerensky. Jawabansa ko da yaushe ya gana da duniya ta murna. Ya zama a duniya tsafi.

A mi} a mulki na soja raka'a a gefen 'yan tawaye

Kawo ta watse a baya dauka rantsuwa, dake da sansani a St. Petersburg soja raka'a fara rantsuwa amincewa da wucin gwamnatin, wanda sun fi mayar sanya makawa abdication na Nicholas 2 daga cikin kursiyin kamar yadda sarki ya hana da goyon bayan da babban karfi - da sojoji. Ko sarki dan uwan, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, tare da danƙa masa Guards tsaya a gefen 'yan tawaye.

A wannan zuciya-pounding da kuma m halin da ake ciki da sabon gwamnatin ne ta halitta sha'awar wannan tambaya na inda yake a halin yanzu sarki, da duk wani mataki da shi ya kamata a dauka. Ya bayyana cewa kwanakin da ya yi, an ƙidaya, kuma idan ranar abdication daga kursiyin 2 ya ba tukuna aka nada, shi ne kawai wani al'amari lokaci.

Yanzu da saba "Mamallaki-Sarkin sarakuna" maye gurbin ƙasƙantarwa epithets "despot" da kuma "mai tanƙwasawa." Musamman tausayi ne rhetoric na waɗannan kwanaki da Empress - a Jamus ta asali. A kan lebe na waɗanda suka jiya haskaka wata ma'anar, ta ba zato ba tsammani ya zama "m" da kuma "undercover makiyan Rasha."

Rawar da M. V. Rodzyanko a cikin taron ya auku

A cikakken mamaki ga mambobin na Duma fara tasowa a karkashin su a kaikaice layi daya dalĩli - Soviet na Ma'aikata 'da kuma manoma' wakilai, gigice da kowa da kowa a leftism na ta tsinke. A daya daga cikin tarurruka Rodzianko kokarin yin izuwa kuma pompous magana kira ga hadin kai da kuma ci gaba da yaki da m karshen, amma aka sowa, da kuma gaggauta janye.

A domin dawo da oda a kasar, da shugaban majalisar Duma ɓullo da wani shiri, babban batu na wanda shi ne abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin. A takaice, ya sauka da cewa mutane suke so daga cikin mutane monarch kamata mika mulki ga dansa. View na matasa da kuma ba tukuna ya lokaci zuwa kanku a cikin wani jayayya magaji, a cikin ra'ayi, iya soothe zukatan 'yan tawaye da kuma kawo duk da yarjejeniya. Kafin ya haihuwa regent nada ta 'yan qasar sarki wa - Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, wanda Rodzianko yi fatan samun kowa harshe.

Bayan tattauna aikin da mafi iko Duma members, aka yanke shawarar zuwa nan da nan zuwa hedkwatar, inda suka san, ya sarki, da kuma ba su dawo ba tare da samun da amincewa. Domin kauce wa unforeseen rikitarwa, mun yanke shawarar yi aiki discreetly, ba tare da ci amanar nufi jama'a. Daidai da muhimmanci manufa danƙa biyu m wakilai, - V. V. Shulginu kuma A. I. Guchkovu.

A Army Janar Headquarters na Arewa Front

Wannan guda da yamma, Maris 1, 1917 sarauta jirgin kasa zo a cikin tashar Pskov tashar. Members na Tawagar unpleasantly mamaki kusan cikakkiyar rashin greeters. A sarki mota ya bayyane ne kawai da adadi na Gwamnan, dama wakilan da na gida gwamnati, kazalika da dozin sanda. A karshe yanke ƙauna duka ya jagoranci sojojin kwamandan Janar N. V. Ruzsky. A mayar da martani ga wani request domin taimako ga sarki, sai ya waved hannunsa, kuma ya ce abin da kawai abu da za su iya a yanzu za a kidaya a kan shi ne da rahama daga cikin nasara.

A cikin jirgin kasa da sarki ya ɗauki general, da kuma tattaunawar ci gaba marigayi a cikin dare. A wannan lokacin, da manifesto da Nicholas 2 na abdication aka riga girbe, amma ba a yanke shawara ta karshe. Daga cikin memoirs na Ruza san cewa Nicholas barnatar da mayar da martani kan canja wurin da ikon a hannun dogon lokaci mambobi na sabuwar gwamnati - da mutane, a cikin ra'ayi, da farfajiya da ikon ya dauki alhakin nan gaba na Rasha.

A wannan dare, Janar N. V. Ruzsky telephoned N. V. Rodzyanko a lengthy hira da tattauna game da abin da ke faruwa tare da shi. Shugaban Duma bluntly ce cewa janar ji leans zuwa wajibcin renunciation, da kuma sauran madadin ne kawai ba. gaggawa sakon waya da shugaban dukan fronts aka aiko daga hedkwatar sarki, a cikin abin da suka kasance sunã sanar da cewa, a cikin ra'ayi na da rinjaye lalura, da abdication na Nicholas 2, daga kursiyin, da ranar da za a nada gaba rana domin kawai zai yiwu awo kafa domin a cikin kasar. A replies samu daga su bayyana cikakken goyon bayan da hukuncin.

Ganawa da Duma Manzanni

Ya ƙare a kan na karshe hours ta sarautar Sarkin sarakuna na goma sha bakwai na House of Romanov. Tare da duk inevitability kashedi game da a Rasha taron, wanda ya zama wani sauyi a cikin shakka daga ta tarihi - abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin. 1917-th shi ne na karshe daga cikin shekara ashirin da biyu na mulkinsa. More fata a asirce ga wasu da basu sani ba, amma wani m sakamako, duk jiran isowa aika daga St. Petersburg Duma, kamar yadda idan ziyarar ta su iya tasiri cikin shakka daga tarihi.

Shulgin da Guchkov zo da ƙarshen rana. Daga cikin memoirs na mahalarta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na cewa yamma sani cewa irin manzanni na balle babban birnin kasar da cikakken kyauta ciki lalacewa ta hanyar manufa: shan hannu, da ruɗewa a cikin ra'ayoyi da kuma nauyi panting. Ba su san cewa a yau warware tambaya ya sawwaƙe jiya abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin. Kwanan wata, bayyananna, kuma sauran related al'amurran da suka shafi wannan harka da aka tunanin fitar, shirya da kuma magance su.

A cikin siga shirun yi magana A. I. Guchkov. M, da ɗan shake murya, sai ya fara gaya cewa, a general sharuddan shi an san shi kafin shi. Bayan da ya bayyana duk rashin bege na yanzu halin da ake ciki a St. Petersburg da kuma rahoton a kan kafa kwamitin riko na Jihar Duma, ya koma babban tambaya, saboda wanda ya isa a kan wannan sanyi Maris rana a rates - bukatar renunciation na sarki daga kursiyin a cikin ni'imar da ɗansa.

Sa hannu, ya juya cikin shakka daga tarihi

Nicholas karɓa masa a boye, ba tare da shiga tsakanin zumunta. Lokacin da Guchkov tsaya, Sire, kuma ko da, kamar yadda kowa da kowa da jũna a kwantar da hankula murya ce cewa, tun dauke duk yiwu zabin ga mataki, ya kuma zo ga ƙarshe game da bukatar barin kursiyin. Ya shirye zuwa rabuwa da shi, amma wanda zai gaje shi zai kira wani ɗa, wahala daga wani m cuta na jini, da kuma ɗan'uwansa - Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich.

Shi ne mai cikakken mamaki ba ne kawai don Duma manzannin, amma ga dukan waɗanda ba. Bayan wani taƙaitaccen rikice lalacewa ta hanyar irin wannan m bi da bi abubuwan da suka faru, fara musayar ra'ayi, bayan da Guchkov bayyana cewa a cikin ra'ayi na rashin zabi suna shirye su yarda da wannan bambance-bambancen. Sarkin sarakuna ritaya wa nazari, da kuma a minti daga baya ya fito da wani daftarin manifesto a hannunka. Da zarar shi ya sanya wasu gyara, da sarki ya sa a kan shi sa hannu. Tarihi ya adana tarihin lokacin domin mu: Nikolai 2 hannu ya abdication a 23 hours, 40 minutes, 2 Maris 1917.

Kanar Romanov

Duk abin da ya faru gigice uncrowned monarch. Wadanda suka samu damar tattaunawa da shi a farkon zamanin Maris, aka gaya masa cewa ya kasance a cikin wani daze, amma saboda soja hali da kuma rearing, kiyaye kullum suna. Kawai zuwa mutuža cewa, a matsayin ranar abdication daga kursiyin 2 janye a baya, baya ga rayuwarsa.

Back a cikin farkon, mafi wuya kwana ga shi, ya ji zamar masa dole ya je Mogilev ce ban kwana ga sauran m sojojin. A nan sai ya gane da labarai na ƙi ɗan'uwansa. Ya zama magajin sa a Rasha kursiyin. A Mogilev shi ya faru karshe taron tare da uwar Nicholas - da Dowager Empress Mariey Fodorovnoy, musamman tafiya zuwa ga dansa. Cewa ban kwana ga ta, tsohon sarki, da kuma yanzu kawai Kanar Romanov bar for Tsarskoye Selo, inda duk da cewa lokaci sun matarsa da 'ya'yansa.

A waɗannan kwanaki, da wuya kowa zai iya yi cikakken abin da wani bala'i ga Rasha shi ne abdication na Nicholas 2 daga kursiyin. Kwanan wata a takaice da aka ambata a yau a duk littattafan tarihi, ya zama a ɗaure na biyu epochs, da Rubicon, danna wanda, kasar da shekaru dubbai na tarihin a hannun waɗanda aljannu yi gargadin game da shi a cikin m labari da F. M. Dostoevsky.