Simone Martini: Biography da ayyukansu

Italiya ya kawo duniya mai artists wanda Ya halitta Masterpieces na zamaninsa. Daya daga cikin wadannan 'yan baiwa na zanen zauna a cikin "zuciya na Italiya" by Simone Martini. Nazarin ya biography ya ba da sauki. Duk maganganun da aka bar na shi, ya dubi cikin takardun da nassoshi mutane na cewa lokaci.

Duk da haka sake gina da Chronology na events da kuma rayuwar Simone Martini nasara, ko da yake a wannan labarin ba haka ba ne m. A wasu wuraren da akwai tambayoyi, wani wuri akwai gibba. Duk da haka, godiya ga ayyukan da artist, za a iya nuna da kuma fara shi yanzu - rai.

farko

Abin baƙin ciki, Simone Martini biography fara da mutuwa. Wannan shi ne kawai daidai ranar, wanda gudanar a samu masu bincike. A daya daga cikin Cathedrals Siena - San Domenico, shigarwar da aka samu, saboda wanda ya zama sananne cewa babban artist mutu a nan a kan Agusta 4, 1344. A daidai ranar da aka haife shi ne ba zai yiwu ya sani. Wajen kawai aka sani a shekara - 1284-th. An ayyana bisa ga bayanai da aka nuna a kan kabarin fenta: The bayanai karanta cewa Martini ya mutu yana da shekaru 60 da shekaru.

bayyanar

More tambayoyi tashi dangane da waje na Italian. Ya fi kyau aboki, sanannen Petrarch da'awar cewa Simone ya ba kyau. Da masu bincike yanke shawarar duba ga image na artist a cikin zane-zane. Wani hange da shi a cikin sunan Almasihu a gaban Bilatus, wani ya gan shi cikin siffar wani jarumi. Kiyasta hoto zai yiwu a fresco "The Miracle of tashin yaron."

A farko shekaru 30

Wannan lokaci a cikin rayuwarku ta mahalicci, da rashin alheri, ba a sani. Duk da haka, akwai shawarwari da Simone aka haife shi a Siena. Mahaifinsa gida plasterer, wanda ya shirya zane for murals. Mafi m, wannan shi ne abin da ya jagoranci artist zuwa nan gaba sana'a.

Akwai yiwuwar cewa yaron karatu art a cikin studio na Duccio, amma shahararsa ya zo mahaliccin bayan samar da "Maesty". Yanzu da aka sani shekara ta bazawa na wannan zane - 1315 th. Wannan bayanai da aka samu a cikin firam na fresco. Ko da yake, idan irin wannan aiki da umarnin gwamnatin birnin, to, shi ne bayyananne cewa fenta riga da suna mai kyau. "Maesta" zaunar da su a Palazzo Pubblico. Popular wannan wuri iya cajin kawai an yi fice a master na sana'a.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa artist aiki a kan ya qagaggun, ya nema ya nuna duk da ya fi na halitta da kuma idon basira. Wannan alama da aka nuna a cikin ayyukansa. Saboda haka, tun da ya karbi wani tsari daga birnin hukumomi don nuna kagara, ya tafi can don ba kawai ganin wa kansa da idanu wani abu na art, amma kuma ji da yanayi na yaki da kuma ci. Sa'an nan, ya tattara bawansa, da kuma doki tafi a kan tafiya. Mural daga baya sanya shi a cikin zauren Mappomondo riga a 1331. Wane ne saba da samfurin ne da wuya sosai, saboda an dauke su halaka, amma masu bincike fatan su ɓõye wa look.

facts

Su ne, da rashin alheri, kadan. Kokarin sake gina rayuwar Simone Martini, za ka iya yi tuntuɓe a kan tabbatar da bayanai. Alal misali, an san cewa fenta tafiya zuwa Assisi. Kuma wannan ya kasance, a 1310-ies. Akwai ya za'ayi da aikin, Popular coci na San Francesco stained-gilashi windows. Daga baya, ya halicci nan kuma frescoes.

Akwai rahotannin da ke cewa Martin an yi wani lokaci a Naples, ko da yake babu wani shirin gaskiya shaida wannan. Tafiya zuwa birnin Naples an haɗa da oda bagaden girmama na canonization Lyudovika Tuluzskogo.

style

A cikin shekaru goma, masu bincike sun iya samun manyan tarin zane-zane a kan itace, wanda ba ka damar waƙa canje-canje a cikin aikin na Simone. A frescoes, wanda aka sanya a Assisi, yana da wani peculiar protodzhottistskie fasali, amma aikin yi daga baya aka bai gotiziruyuschim style. Karshe na canza ba kawai girma, amma matsayi da kuma layin a cikin ayyukansu.

By aikin wannan lokaci za a iya amince dangana biyu polyptych daga coci na Santa Catarina, kuma Museum a Orvieto. Ko da yake masu bincike sun sha za'ayi stylistic bincike, wanda ya nuna cewa karshen nufin da polyptych 1320 th shekara. Af, da wuya daga cikin nazari da wannan aiki a can saboda daftarin aiki samu dama mataimakansa, a cikin halittar wannan samfurin.

ƙwazo aiki

A birnin akwai takardu da kuma bayani game da biyan fenta. Kuma albashi da aka bayar a kan akai-akai, sabili da haka, a cikin Siena artist aiki quite rayayye. Nan da nan ba da aikin ga wanda Martini ya karbi kudi, da kuma masu wuya a gano, kamar yadda wasu da aka rasa gaba ɗaya.

Akwai shaida da cewa Simone samu kudi ga kyautatuwa da kansa halittar "Maesta". Gaskiyar cewa fresco an lalace saboda ruwa seepage. Har ila yau, artist samu kudi ga giciye-fentin, wanda aka qaddara domin ya gama da wani mahalicci. A kai a kai a cikin 1322, Martin samu kudi don aikin yi ga Palazzo Pubblico.

Personal rai

Aure Italian mahalicci ya faru a 1324. Ya lover zama Giovanna, ya Filippuchcho. Za mu iya ɗauka cewa bikin aure ne m, a matsayin martini samu manyan kudi ga aikinsu. A hujja ne da cewa kafin bikin aure, ya sayi wani gidan nan gaba matarsa. Kuma irin wannan kyauta ya tashi kudi mai yawa, ya biya 220 zinariya florins (da shi ya ninka sau uku da kudi da cewa ya samu ga da kyau kwarai aiki tare da siffar wani sansanin soja).

Irin wannan kyauta ne wata ila don a fassara a matsayin godiya ga karimci. Bayan duk, a lokacin da mai zane-zane ya riga ya yi shekaru 40 da haihuwa da kuma ya budurwata ya sosai JNA. Simone ji wajabta wa gode da yarinya ga abin da ta amince da auren wata homely mutumin shekaru. By aure, da artist ya iya kafa kusa dangantaka da iyali Lippo, da suke iya rike fita har sai karshen kerawa Martini. A sarari bayyanuwar wannan kusa-saƙa da dangantaka tare da dangi matarsa da samfurin na "Gaske Shelar na Uffizi", inda da pronounced fasali na Lippo iyali.

Family aiki

Bayan auri artist ci gaba aiki aiki a cikin shugabanci na kerawa. A 1326, ya halitta mai girma da yanar gizo, wanda daga baya aka kira "da kyau", da kuma kudin domin shi ya cancanta. A shekara ya halitta zanen na biyu Banners na wanda, da rashin alheri, a cikin lokaci ba na tsira. Suka kasance masu duqufa ga dan sarkin Robert.

A cikin marigayi 1320 ta, ya halitta biyu ayyuka, wanda aka kuma dauke su sun rasa. Na farko shi ne kishin da malã'iku biyu, kuma an halitta ga Palazzo Pubblico da kuma na biyu aiki nuna wani tawayen Marco Regoli da aka sanya a cikin zauren na Consistory.

Faransa

Avignon, wani karamin gari a Provence, a lokacin, ya zama wani al'adu arts cibiyar a duniya. Ga taru artists daga ko'ina Turai, ya kawo masa aiki da dukan taron. A 1336 na samu a nan da kuma Simone. Ga da muhimmiyar rawa taka leda da stratification na al'umma, a cikin abin da martini kokarin zama kusa da "tsayi mutane". Ya yi haka a kudi na art, dauke da fitar da umarni na mafi girma hukumomi.

Abin baƙin ciki, bayani game da aikin Martini a Faransa sosai kadan. Akwai hukuma takardun da nuna proactive ra'ayi na mahalicci ba. Ya bayar da shawarar wani mai shaida a haya kasuwanci, ya kuma wata ƙungiya zuwa shari'a.

A cikin ayyukan da ya kamata a lura da cewa, da aka samu sun a jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga Notre Dame--de-Dome, kamar yadda shi ne wata ila cewa artist na da hannu a cikin frontispiece na wani rubutum na Virgil, wanda kafin aka mamaye Petrarch. Kuma aka sani da zanen "The Holy Family", located in Liverpool.

mutuwa

Kamar yadda aka sani, da mai zane-zane ya mutu a 1344. Ya durkusar unknown "tsanani da rashin lafiya". Italian gane cewa karshen kasance kusa, kuma haka 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa sanya wasiya a cikin abin da duk wa dukiyarsa raba tsakanin matarsa ta dangi. The daftarin aiki da aka shaida a notary na Florence - Galgani.

"Gaske Shelar"

Simone Martini hoto "Gaske Shelar" da aka kafa a 1333. The artist halitta shi don bagaden Ansan, wanda aka located in Siena. Fage mural zinariya cewa alama ce ta sama da silhouette Maryama m, kuma m. Mala'iku Gabriel aka nuna a kan zane aiki adadi, tufafinsa aka raya, da fuka-fuki sun samu wani tsuntsu siffar. Description (Simone Martini "Gaske Shelar") yana ba mai wuya ba, kuma wasu wasanin gwada ilimi. A hoto ake bayyana wani abu mai taushi, amma a lokaci guda mai haske da kuma allahntaka.

Images cewa za a iya gano a mural, sufi. Kowane yanki da kanta kamar crystal, yana da matukar m, kuma ethereal. Saints Ansan da Yulitta, a maimakon haka, ya juya daga quite manyan kuma idon basira.

"Madonna"

Har ila yau, lura shi ne samfurin na "Madonna". Simone Martini halitta m masana'anta, wanda da yawa dangana shi zuwa na karshe lokacin da kerawa, mafi balagagge. Halayyar da juna na mahaliccin zinariya bango tare da ja da blue launukansa, taushi da Lines, m Lines daga cikin adadi na Maryamu. Fresco Ya riƙe da siffofin da Gothic style, wanda ya halayyar da zane-zane a cikin marigayi lokacin aikinsa.

Wannan aikin da aka ƙaunar da yawa magoya marubucin kansa - Simone Martini. Hermitage ya zama taska gidan da cewa tun 1911 Stores da samfurin a cikin ganuwar ta.

more halittun

A mafi m zanen da Simone Martini - "Maesta". Ta ya yiwuwa da farko manyan aikin na mahalicci ba. Da masu bincike yi imani da cewa wannan fitacciyar an halitta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Duccio. A fim yana da wasu sosai daidai halaye da cewa ba za a iya samu a Duccio. Daga gare su, canza launuka, siffofi da kuma Lines.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da kasancewar a duniya tarin zane-zane ta hanyar Simone Martini, "Vertical na Laura." Wannan aikin da aka kishin wasu artists Petrarch, wanda da umarnin a kama da ya ƙaunataccen.

Yawa za a iya ce game da wannan artist. Creativity Simone Martini idan ba a sani har zuwa karshen, iya, wani lokacin sun gane, duk da haka ya zauna dada m da kuma ban sha'awa ga masoya na Italian art. The artist ya sanya wata babbar "kyauta" na duniya da al'adun, da kuma ayyukansa sun riƙe da siffofin da saukin tabbatarwa Masterpieces Martini.