A tushe na Tver. Lokacin da masana tarihi za su zo a yarjejeniya?

Tver tushe - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi rigima lokacin na Rasha tarihi. Mai masana tarihi suna karkata daga game da daya a tarihi lokacin (ƙarshen XII- farkon XIII karni), amma kowane bincike ta mallaka ra'ayi.

The hukuma kafa ranar Tver

Kowane birni domin saukaka na bikin wani tunawa da hukuma kafa kwanan ne. Shekara haihuwa na birnin Tver hukumance gane a 1135. A wani wallafe-wallafen aikin na Vsevolod Mstislavovitch "rubutun hannu" na farko ambaci game da shi Dates baya ga Tver wannan lokaci. Abin da maki ne m? Da fari dai, akwai wata daidai ambaci Tver yanki na birnin, domin muna magana ne game da tsabar kudi haraji, wanda ya kawo "Tver bako." A wannan yanayin, shi za a iya za'ayi, watakila ba game da birnin a mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta, da kuma game da wani shiri, wanda aka daga baya ya canza kama zuwa birnin Tver.

Na biyu, "rubutun hannu" ba koma zuwa yawan tarihi kimiyya labarinsa kafofin. Wannan aiki ne mafi kamar wani talakawa litattafan, rubuta a zamanin d harshe. Shi ne ba na hali na rashin lafiya na tarihin rubutu data, da kuma labari ne cike da koyaswa. By duk alamomi, "rubutun hannu" ba ya kasance a cikin aji na tarihi, don haka gaba daya amince da wannan tushen ba lallai ba ne.

Kada Tver canjawa wuri daga wuri daya zuwa wani?

A cikin farko uku na XX karni akwai wani version da ya bayyana dalilin da Tver. Gaskiyar cewa masana tarihi shigar: yiwu ba wuri birni sāke wuri - shi ne ba na farko da kuma na biyu. Quite asali version, amma shi ya wanzu. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya bayyana ra'ayoyi? Aƙalla a cikin wannan yanki biyu koguna - Tvertsa da Tmaka. Wadannan farkon tono da aka za'ayi a wadannan shekaru, wanda ya nuna cewa da farko (Tver) aka located a mahaɗar tsakãninsu Tvertsa mai girma Rasha kogin Volga. Wai a cikin biyu da rabi na XIII karni Tver ƙaura zuwa Cape, wanda aka kafa a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Volga kogin Tmaka. Version, ba shakka, ban sha'awa, amma dauka ta gaskiya, to, a lõkacin, shi wajibi ne don magana game da bacewar na birni da kuma zargin wani daga cikin wannan sunan. A shekara ta 1930 aka akai-akai gudanar archaeological tono, wanda ke haifar da wannan version da aka gaba daya watsi da matsayin ƙarancin cancantar.

1181 - shekara na Tver tushe

Mun akai-akai jaddada cewa, tarihi adabi da kuma kafofin, akwai da dama versions game da bayyanar da birnin Tver. Bari mu dubi daya daga cikinsu. A sanannun Rasha tarihi V. N. Tatischev a cikin "Tarihi" da shawarar cewa tushe na Tver ya faru a 1181. Ya samu cikin labarinsa kafofin na bayanai da cewa wannan shi ne shekara sojojin Prince Vsevolod III ci garin Torzhok. Ya tafi ga wasu nesa daga birnin, da yarima da umarnin da ya maza gina wani m. Fassara daga zamanin d Rasha nufin "sansanin soja". Bisa ga m, kuma Tver consonance sunayen, birni tushe a 1181 da muke da su shigar da shi ne real. A cewar wasu masana tarihi, wanda tsunduma a takamaiman karatu na karshe na Tver yankin, da ainihin yi ba a fara a 1181, da kuma a 1182. Af, idan mun yi magana game da consonance daga sunaye, ba duk masu bincike sun yarda da cewa kalmar "Tver" ya zo daga sunan "m".

A farko takardun da suka ambaci Tver

Bisa ga shaidar tushe, da amincin wanda ba za a iya kunyi shakka, Tver tushe kamata koma zuwa farkon na XIII karni. Alal misali, ya kamata ka kula da daftarin aiki daga 1208 - kwangila tsakanin yarima Vladislav III da mazauna birnin na Novgorod. Prince ƙwarai zalunta da yan unguwa. Mutanensa sata cikin mutane na Novgorod, uchinyali duk da cikas, tattara babbar haraji.

Novgorod Mazauna bukaci a kare su sanannun Prince Mstislav cire. Gwamnan birnin Svyatoslav, ɗan Vsevolod, da aka sanya shi a karkashin kama, da kuma Novgorod sojojin tura don kare mutuncin su birnin. Har ila yau, shi ya fito don ya tarye sojojin Vsevolod, amma yaƙi kanta da aka ba da aka gudanar domin a duka sansanonin akwai m mutane. wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a taron dakaru kusa Tver. Af, ba kawai a cikin wannan tushen shi za a iya zaci cewa ranar Tver tushe - shi ne wajen farkon XIII karni. A Tver Kremlin a lokacin nazari a shekarar 1983 da kuma a 1985, an gano birchbark rubuce-rubucen, rubuta kamar a 1200-1220 shekaru.