Da abun ciki na oxygen a iska: definition da ma'anar

A bambanci ga zafi da sanyi taurari na mu hasken rana tsarin, halittan duniya, akwai yanayin da damar rayuwa a wasu nau'i. Daya daga cikin manyan yanayi ne abun da ke ciki na yanayi, wanda ya ba da wata damar dukan abubuwa masu rai numfashi kuma kariya daga mutuwa radiation, rinjaye a sarari.

Mene ne yanayi

A yanayi na Duniya kunshi wani jam'i na gas. M shi ne nitrogen, wanda ya mamaye 77%. Gas, ba tare da wanda rayuwa a duniya bautar wani yawa karami girma, da oxygen abun ciki na iska ne 21% na jimlar girma daga cikin yanayi. A karshe 2% - a cakuda daban-daban gas, duk da argon, carbon dioxide, helium, Neon, krypton, da sauransu.

Cikin yanayin duniya ne ya tashe zuwa tsawo na 8 da dubu. Km. The iska dace da numfashi, kawai a cikin ƙananan yanayi, troposphere, kai da sandunan - 8 km, sama da kuma a kan ekweita - 16 km. Tare da kara tsawo cikin iska zama mafi sparse, kuma mafi m karancin iskar oxygen. Don ganin yadda oxygen abun ciki a cikin iska ne a wata daban-daban tsawo, ba da wani misali. A ganiya Dutsen Everest (tsawo 8848 m) iska maraba da wannan gas ne 3 sau kasa da tsawo. Saboda haka, nasara da mai tsayi kololuwa - tuddai - iya hawa zuwa saman da shi ne kawai a cikin oxygen masks.

Oxygen - babban yanayin rayuwa a duniya

A farkon iska na Duniya zama cewa ya kewaye ta, sai ta yi wannan gas a cikin abun da ke ciki. Yana da quite dace da rayuwa ne sauki - single-cell kwayoyin cewa swam a cikin teku. Ba su bukatar oxygen. A tsari fara kimanin 2 Ma, a lokacin da na farko rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a sakamakon photosynthesis dauki fara emit kananan allurai da gas sakamakon daga sinadaran halayen, na farko a cikin teku, sa'an nan kuma zuwa ga yanayi. Rayuwa ta faro a duniya da kuma ya dauki wani salo da dama, mafi yawan abin da ba tsira da mu sau. Wasu kwayoyin sun saba a kan lokaci zuwa rayuwa tare da sabon gas.

Sun koya yadda za ta yi amfani da ikon amince ciki da cell, inda ta buga da rawar da ikon a kan su zo da makamashi daga abinci. Irin wannan hanya ita ce da amfani da oxygen aka kira numfasawa, kuma mun yi shi a kowace biyu. Wannan numfashin da ya sa ya yiwu ga fitowan da mafi hadaddun kwayoyin da mutane. A kan miliyoyin shekaru, da abun ciki na oxygen a cikin iska tashi zuwa yanzu matakin - game da 21%. Jari na wannan gas a cikin yanayi taimaka haifar da lemar sararin samaniya a wata tsawo na 8-30 km daga bãyan ƙasa. A daidai wannan lokaci da duniya da kariya daga cutarwa sakamakon hasken ultraviolet. Bugu da ari juyin halitta na rayuwa siffofin a cikin ruwa da kuma a kan ƙasa ya karu cikin sauri saboda ya karu photosynthesis.

anaerobic rai

Duk da yake wasu kwayoyin aka saba yi na kara matakan da gas samar, da yawa daga cikin sauki siffofin rai cewa wanzu a duniya bace. Sauran kwayoyin sun tsira da ɓuya daga oxygen. Wasu daga cikin su yanzu live in legume tushen yin amfani da nitrogen daga cikin iska don ginawa amino acid da shuke-shuke. M botulism kwayoyin - wani " 'yan gudun hijira" daga oxygen. Ya zare jiki tsira a injin fakitoci tare da abincin gwangwani.

Mene ne oxygen matakin ne ganiya ga rayuwar

Prematurely jarirai wanda huhu ba tukuna cikakken bude numfashi, fada cikin na musamman incubators. Su oxygen abun ciki na iska girma sama da kuma maimakon saba 21% matakin shi ne bari 30-40%. Kids suka yi tsanani matsaloli numfashi na yanayi iska tare da cikakken matakin na oxygen domin hana lalacewar da yaro ta kwakwalwa. Kasancewa a cikin irin wannan yanayi da inganta nama oxygen gwamnatin ne a Jihar hypoxia, take kaiwa zuwa al'ada da rayuwa ayyuka. Amma an wuce kima adadin iska ne kawai a matsayin hatsari a matsayin drawback. An wuce kima adadin oxygen a cikin baby ta jini zai iya sa lalacewar jini a idanun da kuma haifar da hangen nesa da hasãra. Wannan ya nuna a biyuntakar gas Properties. Muna da numfashi da shi don ya rayu, amma ta wuce haddi da zai iya, wani lokacin zama mai guba zuwa ga jiki.

A hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari

Lokacin da oxygen fili tare da hydrogen ko carbon jajirce dauki kira hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Wannan tsari yana sa da kwayoyin kwayoyin da cewa su ne tushen rai hargitse. A cikin jikin mutum da hadawan abu da iskar shaka ne kamar haka. ja jini Kwayoyin tattara oxygen daga cikin huhu da kuma daukawa shi a ko'ina cikin jiki. Akwai wani tsari na lalata kwayoyin abinci mu ci. Wannan tsari saki makamashi, ruwa da carbon diosksid ganye. Last samu jini Kwayoyin baya ga huhu, da kuma da muke shaka shi a cikin iska. A mutum na iya shaƙa idan ya daina numfashi na tsawon fiye da minti 5.

numfashin

Ka yi la'akari da oxygen abun ciki a cikin inhaled iska. Yanayi iska shigar daga waje cikin huhu lokacin da inhaled, da ake kira inhaled, da kuma iska da cewa ya zo daga ta hanyar numfashi tsarin lokacin da exhaling - exhaled.

Yana da wani cakuda iska ciko da Alveoli ga daya adana a cikin Airways. A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na iska, wanda yake shi ne m mutum numfasawa a kuma fitar a cikin daji, kusan kokari bayyana da irin wannan adadi.

Da abun ciki na gas (a cikin%)

Oxygen - babban bangaren da iska ga rayuwa. Canza adadin gas a cikin yanayi ne kananan. Dã tẽku ta oxygen abun ciki a cikin iska iya rike har zuwa 20.99%, har ma a wani sosai gurbata iska na masana'antu biranen matakin ba ya fada a kasa 20,5%. Irin wannan canje-canje ba nuna effects a kan jikin mutum. Physiological cuta faru a lokacin da yawan oxygen a cikin iska da dama zuwa 16-17%. Kamar wancan akwai wani sarari rashin oxygen, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani kaifi digo a cikin ikon rayuwa, da kuma lokacin da abun ciki na oxygen a cikin iska 7-8% yiwu m.

A yanayi a daban-daban sau

A abun da ke ciki na yanayi ya ko da yaushe na da wani tasiri a kan juyin halitta. A daban-daban ma'aunan kasa sau saboda bala'o'i faru ups ko fadowa oxygen matakan, kuma wannan entailed wani canji a cikin biosystem. Game da miliyan 300 da suka wuce, da abun ciki a cikin yanayi ya karu zuwa 35%, yayin da akwai mulkin mallaka na duniya ta gigantic size kwari. The most nau'i nau'i na abubuwa masu rai da ya faru game da miliyan 250 da suka wuce a tarihin duniya. A lokacin da ya fiye da 90% na mazaunan cikin teku, da kuma 75% na ƙasar mutu. Daya daga cikin taro nau'i nau'i ka'idar ya furta cewa, a cikin hanyar ne ya juya low abun ciki na oxygen a cikin iska. The adadin da wannan gas ya ragu zuwa 12%, kuma wannan - a cikin ƙananan yanayi zuwa wani tsawo na 5300 mita. A cikin zamanin, da oxygen abun ciki a cikin yanayi zo zuwa 20,9%, wanda shi ne 0.7% m fiye da 800 shekara dubu da suka wuce. Wadannan alkaluma an tabbatar da masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Princeton, wanda yayi nazari samfurori da Grecia da Atlantic kankara kafa a lokacin. Daskarewa ruwa dage farawa har iska kumfa, kuma wannan ya taimaka yin lissafi da matakin na oxygen a yanayin.

Abin da shi ne batun da matakin na shi a cikin iska

Active fahimta daga yanayi za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar da motsi na glaciers. Zane baya, da suka bude up babbar sarari kwayoyin yadudduka cinyewa oxygen. Wani dalili na iya zama tekuna sanyaya ruwa: ta kwayoyin a low zazzabi oxygen scavenging aiki. Da masu bincike gardamar cewa masana'antu tsalle, kuma tare da shi da kona babbar yawa na man fetur na musamman effects a lokaci guda ba su da. Tekuna sanyaya ga miliyan 15 da shekaru, da kuma yawan vitally muhimmanci a cikin yanayi rage tare da la'akari da mutum tasiri. Kila a duniya aikata wasu daga cikin halitta matakai da kai ga cewa oxygen amfani ne mafi girma fiye da ta samar.

Human tasiri a kan abun da ke ciki na yanayi

Bari mu magana game da mutum tasiri a kan abun da ke ciki na iska. A matakin, wanda muke da shi a yau, manufa domin halittu masu rai, da oxygen abun ciki na iska ne 21%. Its balance da sauran gas ne m da rai sake zagayowar a cikin yanayi: dabbobi exhale carbon dioxide shuke-shuke amfani da shi da kuma sakin oxygen.

Amma babu wani tabbacin cewa wannan matakin zai zama m a kowane lokaci. Qara adadin carbon dioxide jefarwa cikin yanayi. Wannan shi ne saboda 'yan Adam ta yin amfani da man fetur. Kuma shi ne da aka sani da za a kafa daga kwayoyin da burbushin carbon dioxide saki a cikin iska. A halin yanzu, babbar shuke-shuke na duniya tamu, da itatuwa suna hallaka tare da kara gudu. Daya minti daya bace gandun daji kilomita. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani ɓangare na oxygen a cikin iska rage-rage hankali da kuma masana kimiyya suna riga kara ƙararrawa. Cikin yanayin duniya - ba Unlimited tsaron ɗakunan ajiya na oxygen da kuma shi ba ya zo daga waje. Duk lokacin da ya bada haske tare da ci gaban duniya. Kana bukatar ka tuna cewa wannan gas aka samar da ciyayi a lokacin photosynthesis saboda amfani da carbon dioxide. Kuma wani gagarumin raguwa a cikin ciyayi a cikin nau'i na lalata gandun daji, babu makawa rage ingress na oxygen a cikin yanayi, game da shi, keta da sikẽli.