Dabba kiwo: babban hanyoyin

Kiwo dabbobi bayyana game da 30 shekara dubu BC, tare da ci gaba da aiwatar da domestication na daji iri. Da farko mutane amfani da abin da ake kira sume selection ta zabi wadanda mutane da suka fi samun tare da wani mutum zai yi taimako, muna da wani docile yanayi, rashin biyarmu kuma, mafi muhimmanci, ba zai iya ci gaba da tseren kãmamme kiwo.

Around 9000 BC mutane suka fara more a hankali zabi dabbobi a wasu amfani halaye, wato, da zamanin methodical selection. A sa'an nan, kuma sai suka fara samar shuka da dabbobi kiwo a mafi saba ji. Amma domestication, kamar yadda Hanyar selection, ya ci gaba da wannan rana. Alal misali, ya kamata a lura da wannan bangare kamar yadda Jawo noma.

Musamman dabbobi kiwo

Ya kamata zabi kiwo dabbobi musamman a kwatanta da shuka kiwo. Da fari dai, da wakilan da fauna ne iya haifa kawai jima'i, cewa shi ne babban rabo, na yawan jama'ar ne heterozygous kwayoyin. Abu na biyu, suka yi wani daina balaga lokaci. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna m nan da nan bayan haihuwa, da kuma a 'yan shekaru baya. The uku alama ne da cewa wakilan da fauna daga zurriyar ne sosai kasa da cewa na shuke-shuke.

Duk wadannan siffofin sun kafa musamman kiwo hanyoyin, ba muhimmi to Flora. Hakika, da asali hanyoyin, wanda sun hada da hybridization da selection, tsira. Amma akwai ma gaba daya hanyoyin daban-daban ba su zartar da shuke-shuke.

kiwo hanyoyin

Inbreeding ko inbreeding, aka samar da dabbar ta hanyar canjin dabbobi fadowa juna yan'uwa maza da mata ko iyaye da kuma zuriyata. A sakamakon haka, da ake so hali iya tafi a cikin homozygous jihar. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa a kan lokaci, ya zo da asarar ko da wani gagarumin tabarbarewar a fahimcin muhimmancin na samu samfurori.

Interbreeding, ko outbreeding ake bukata domin tabbatar da tsaro da zama dole halaye ne na wani mutum, samuwa ga duka breeds. Saboda outbreeding aka samu mai girma da yawa m jinsuna, kamar fari Ukrainian steppe alade, samu daga giciye tsakanin wani English White boar da Ukrainian purebred aladu. A sakamakon haka, selection na yarda dabbobi su samu wani irin bambanta da wani babban taro, wani babban abun ciki na mai, da nama, da kuma sosai unpretentious.

Hybridization ya shafi mararraba ma'aurata suka kasance a jinsuna daban. Wannan hanya yana mai girma hasara: dukkan zuriyarsa bakarare. Amma ko da wannan matsala waddan dabbobi da za a iya shawo kan. A daukan hankali misali ne hybridization alfadari, wanda shi ne mai giciye tsakanin jaki Mare. Alfadari ya bambanta girma halin iya jurewa da kuma dadi fushi jaki doki.

Wani dabara ne wani barbaran alura. Ana amfani don samun kamar yadda da yawa da zũriyarta daga wani musamman manufacturer.

Wani sabon da ban sha'awa sosai Hanyar - tayi dasawa. Ya dogara ne a kan wani fairly hadaddun likita ayyukan a lokacin da ake bukata da mace hormone far kara yawan qwai. Sa'an nan da kwai da aka hadu, da tãyuna an cire, wanda ba wani daga zuwa wasu dabbobi, da yin rawar da wani surrogate mahaifiyarsa, ko daskarewa a zazzabi na 273 S. Sai suka za a iya adana na dogon lokaci, don su iya amfani da a nan gaba.

Saboda haka, zaɓi na dabbobi solves daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsaloli na dukan 'yan adam - matsalar na gano abinci, abinci. Kimiyyar zamani ba ka damar haifar da sabon nau'in cewa sun fi mayar da gamsar da bukatun mutane. Kuma kimiyya taba tsaye har yanzu.