Pyramidal motor hanya. Alamun da pyramidal hanya

Our kwakwalwa - na musamman mnogokompleksnaya tsarin da iko duka biyu da azanci da kuma vestibular na'ura, motsi, da tunani, da magana, hangen nesa da kuma more.

Wannan talifin zai yi magana game da yadda kwakwalwa ke iko da son rai da kuma involuntary ƙungiyoyi. Kuma abin da suke neurological munanan dangantawa da lalacewar da pyramidal tsarin na kwakwalwa.

Pyramidal da extrapyramidal hanya

Pyramidal tsarin kunshi pyramidal da extrapyramidal tafarkin. Mene ne bambanci? Pyramidal hanya, ko tractus pyramidalis, - shi ne hanya cewa ya haɗu da neurons na bawo alhakin motor aiki, tare da nuclei na kashin baya da kuma girman kwanyar jijiyoyi sashen. Aikinsa - don sarrafa son rai tsoka motsi, wucewa da tsakiya m tsarin sakonni ga jiki. Amma extrapyramidal, shi iko da sume sharadi reflexes na jikin mu. Shi ne mafi tsoho da mafi zurfin tsarin da kwakwalwa, da kuma ta sakonni ba bayyana a cikin zuciya.

Extrapyramidal da pyramidal - hanyar da nisa da tushe. A tashin babban hanyoyi da alhakin watsa bayanai daga hankula a cikin kwakwalwa. Wadannan sun hada da: kaikaice kashin baya thalamic hanyar manyan kashin baya cerebellar da kuma na baya kashin baya cerebellar.

Pyramidal hanya na kwakwalwa. tsarin

Sun kasu kashi 2 iri: da cortico-kashin baya da kuma cortical-nukiliya. Cortico-laka ne alhakin da motsi na da gangar jikin, da cortico-nukiliya controls fuska tsokoki da kuma hadiya.

Ta yaya cortico-kashin baya pyramidal hanya? Ya fara da lantarki hanya daga cerebral bawo - yankin da cewa shi ne alhakin mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum aiki na sani. A haushi kunshi gaba ɗaya na juna na tsarin jijiya networks. Fiye da biliyan 14 neurons sun mayar da hankali a ɓawon burodi.

Hemispheric Information sake rabawa a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa duk abin da ya shafi aikin na ƙananan extremities, aka located a cikin sama ɓangare, da kuma cewa, kamar yadda ya saman, a akasin haka, a cikin ƙananan Tsarin.

All sakonni daga cikin manya da ƙananan sassa na ɓawon burodi an tattara, da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa ciki kwantena. Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar da midbrain kuma ta hanyar tsakiyar rabo daga gada katako kuskure da jijiya zaruruwa dala medulla.

Ga akwai sashe: wani babban rabo daga cikin zaruruwa (80%) ke da sauran sashi na jiki da kuma Forms kaikaice cerebrospinal hanya. Wadannan rassan "jawo" motoneurons, wanda zai iya sai aika da sakonni zuwa mu'ãmalar ko shakata da tsokoki da riga kai tsaye. A karami rabo daga fiber cuta (20%) motoneurons innervate "kansa" gefe.

Cortico-nukiliya pyramidal hanyar farko ke ta wannan kwakwalwa Tsarin matsayin "abokin", amma sa mararraba riga a cikin midbrain da ke da fuska neurons.

Sifofin da suke da muhimmanci ga ganewar asali

Pyramidal hanya yana da wasu siffofin na da tsarin, wanda ba za a iya saba shukawa a lokacin da shi wajibi ne don gano da sarrafawa da Pathology. Mene ne musamman bukatar sani?

1. Sashe na daga cikin jijiya zaruruwa corticospinal hanya fiye da kaikaice giciye kan, ko da a kan gicciye fari commissure na laka kashi, inda ta ƙare.
2. Mafi yawa daga cikin jiki tsokoki sarrafawa da biyu hemispheres na kwakwalwa. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin kariya. A cikin yanayin wani bugun jini ko bugun jini marasa lafiyar da suka kamu da "hemiplegia" iya kula da jiki tsaye.
3. A zaruruwa na kwakwalwa gada yanki corticospinal hanyoyi rabu da sauran zaruruwa - cerebellar hanya. rabu bim tafi daga gada. A wannan batun, motsi cuta sukan watse. Duk da yake cikin pathological mayar da hankali zai iya zama daya.

Alamun da pyramidal hanya wani lokacin quite a fili, kamar yadda a cikin hali na inna na ƙananan wata gabar jiki, misali. Amma wani lokacin cewa da wuya a gano dalilin. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da karami tafka magudi a motor basira da kuma zo likita.

bayyanar cututtuka na lalacewa. matakan

Clinical manifestations na take hakki conductive pyramidal hanya dogara ne a kan daidai da sashen akwai lalacewar da jijiya zaruruwa. Akwai da dama matakan na mota aiki lalacewa daga cikakken inna to gwada da m cuta.

Saboda haka, ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi gano wadannan matakan na halaka pyramidal hanya:

1. Jamhuriyar monoparesis (inna). Keta suna located a cikin cerebral bawo (hagu ko dama).
2. Jamhuriyar hemiparesis. A ciki kwantena m.
3. Daban-daban alternating hemiplegia - shafa yankin na kwakwalwa kara.
4. inna na wata gabar jiki. Daya daga cikin gefen igiyoyi a cikin laka.

Jamhuriyar inna tare da kwakwalwa lalata kwantena da cerebral hemispheres ne halin da cewa aikin tsokoki da aka karya ta a ranar kishiyar sashi na jiki dangi da rauni yankin. Bayan duk, a cikin juyayi tsarin ayyukan tsallaka pyramidal hanya. Wato, da zaruruwa matsawa zuwa gefe ko a kaikaice kashin baya hanya. A cikin Sauki zane nuna yadda pyramidal hanya, haltta abin da aka tattauna a sama, da ke sa mararraba da motsi a kan.

Idan lalacewar da laka a kaikaice sashe lalace tsoka a kan wannan gefe, inda lalacewa.

Neuropathology. Gefe kuma tsakiyar inna

Jijiya zaruruwa karkashin madubin kamar igiyoyinsu. Su aiki ne da muhimmanci sosai ga jiki. Idan ka karya watsin, tsokoki a wasu yankunan na jiki ba za su iya samun sakonni a wani yanki na juyayi sarkar. Wannan zai sa inna. Inna ne zuwa kashi biyu iri: tsakiya da kuma na gefe.

Idan keta daya daga cikin tsakiyar mota jijiyoyi a cikin "cibiyar sadarwa", akwai wani tsakiyar inna. Kuma a lõkacin da wata matsala tare da wani gefe motor jijiya inna ne na gefe.

Lokacin da flaccid inna likita gani a karu a tsoka sautin da wani karfi dakushe tsoka taro. Agara reflexes ma za a rage ko bace gaba ɗaya.

A halin da ake ciki ne daban-daban a tsakiyar inna. To, akwai hyperreflexia, ta ƙara tsoka sautin, wani lokacin akwai contractures.

Pyramidal insufficiency a jarirai. dalilai

Bayyanar cututtuka na mota hanawa a wani yaro ne mai ban twitching, ko kuma zai iya tafiya daban fiye da sauran yara - a kan tiptoe. ko ba daidai ba saitin tasha. A dalilai domin wannan jiha da yaro zai iya zama:

• underdevelopment na kwakwalwa (kashin baya ko kwakwalwa).
• haihuwa rauni, idan lalace parietal lobe daga cikin kwakwalwa, ko na kwakwalwa kara, a take hakkin da pyramidal hanya shakka so.
• hereditary cututtuka na juyayi tsarin.
• hypoxia.
• cerebral hemorrhage bayan haihuwa.
• cututtuka, kamar meningitis ko arachnoiditis.

Magani ga adult ƙara miyagun ƙwayoyi. Amma ga yara shi ne mafi alheri a yi amfani da hanyoyin kamar jiki far, tausa da kuma bitamin. Idan babu ƙurji a kwakwalwa ko wasu rauni, shekarar farko ta rayuwa da aka inganta.

Paresthesia da myoclonus

Take hakkin da mahaifa kashin baya kaiwa zuwa paresthesia. Wannan neuropathy ne halin da azanci shine disturbances. A mutum na iya ko dai kada rasa touch fata ƙwarai ko tingling ji a cikin jiki. Paresthesia bi da tare da taimakon acupuncture, manual far ko physiotherapy. Kuma, ba shakka, kana bukatar ka cire tushen neuropathy.

Wani kashi pyramidal fili da kuma, sabili da haka, motor aiki - shi ne myoclonus - involuntary jerking.

Myoclonus zo a dama siffofin:

• rhythmic myoclonic ƙanƙancewa raba tsoka kungiyoyin.
• velopalatinnye rage - rage kwatsam arrhythmic harshe, ko makogwaro.
• postural myoclonus.
• cortical.
• myoclonus a mayar da martani ga mota aiki ( 'yan wasa).

Myoclonus, ko cortical myoclonus - wata cuta daga cikin jijiya conductive hanyar sa ta tashin hankali a cikin mota cibiyoyin na kwakwalwa. Wannan shi ne, a farkon pyramidal hanya. Idan "gazawar" bawo, sakonni ga tsokoki don isa riga gurbata.

Duk da haka ya haddasa motor disturbances pyramidal hanya iya zama rashin magnesium, da kuma Psycho-wani tunanin ko ta jiki danniya, da kuma wasu abubuwa da dama. Saboda haka, dole ne ganewar asali sa likita bayan dubawa MRI.

Diagnosing cuta

A downward tsinkaya ne pyramidal hanya, tanã fita daga cikin wannan shi ne daya ke watsa sakonni ta hanyar jiki zuwa laka na CNS. Fadowa, conversely, shi watsa sakonni zuwa kwakwalwa neurons.

Don sanin abin da tsarin da aka shafa da kuma abin da har, a neurologist a binciken ya duba a sa na sigogi game da da tsokoki, da kuma gidajen abinci, da jijiya da numfashinsa.

Neurologist gudanar da irin wannan bincike hanyoyin:

• ya duba cikin kewayon motsi dukkan gidajen abinci.
• duba mai zurfi da numfashinsa, neman, ko pathological reflexes .
• verifies cewa duk na gyara man fuska jijiya.
• Yana ƙaddara lantarki watsin da tsokoki, da nazarin halittu iko.
• bincika murdede ƙarfi.
• kuma shi ne zamar masa dole ya duba ko akwai pathological clonic contractions.

Lokacin da wani neurologist nazarin cikin kewayon motsi, shi zai fara zuwa bincika farko da ya fi girma gidajen abinci, sa'an nan ya duba da lafiya. Wancan ne, da farko duba da kafada hadin gwiwa, sa'an nan da gwiwar hannu da kuma wuyan hannu.

Da shan kashi na cortico-nukiliya hanya

Pyramidal hanya ne kafuwar duk ƙungiyoyi na jiki, ba kawai tsokoki, amma kuma da fuska. A axons na gyara man fuska motor neurons aika da daban-daban sakonni zuwa tsokoki. Ka yi la'akari da cikakken bayani. Dual core motoneurons innervate tsokoki na pharynx, maƙogwaro, taushi da palate, kuma ko da tsoka babba esophagus. Motoneurons na trigeminal jijiya ne ke da alhakin aiki na wasu daga cikin masticatory tsokoki, da waɗannan da ba a siginar zuwa rage eardrum. Raba motor neurons rage fuska tsokoki a lokacin da muka yi murmushi ko ɓata fuska. Wannan mimic neurons. Wani rukuni na tsokoki alhakin motsi da idanu da kuma eyelids.

manyan neuron kashi nuna a kan "ƙarƙashin" tsoka da shi. Wannan manufa ta dogara ne a kan dukan pyramidal hanya. Ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi fuska jijiya take kaiwa zuwa sosai m sakamakon. Duk da haka, motsi na eyeballs da hadiya kullum kiyaye su.

Daraja ambata cewa jimlar kashewa na gyara man fuska tsokoki iko kwakwalwa kashi na faruwa ne kawai idan ya buge da kuma dama da hagu yammancin duniya. Mai gyara man fuska neurons ne ke iko da dama, kazalika da tsokoki na akwati. Unilateral haye zaruruwa tafi kawai ga ƙananan ɓangare na fuska, wato tsokoki na harshe da kuma ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

Da shan kashi na mota yankunan da cerebral bawo

Lokacin da sakamakon rauni motor lalace yanki a cikin bawo na daya daga cikin hemispheres, mutumin da paralyzes daya gefen. Lokacin lalace duka biyu hemispheres, dangantakar inna. Idan wadannan cibiyoyin suna fuskantar tashin hankali, ya sa ta hanyar gida ko tsakiyar convulsions. M seizures iya nuna ci gaban da epilepsy.

Alamun da pyramidal hanya a matakin kwakwalwa kara

Tun a matakin kwakwalwa kara (medulla da pons) auku mararraba zaruruwa, a lokacin da shan kashi na wadannan Tsarin gamiplaziya riga faruwa a wasu sashi na jiki. Wannan alama an kira alternating inna.

Pyramidal hanya ne dalilin lafiya motor basira. Idan ma kadan lalace kwakwalwa kara, sha kananan ƙungiyoyi na yatsunsu.

Akwai su da yawa daban-daban syndromes, a fili da kuma daki-daki, ta kwatanta keta shafi aikin yi da pyramidal hanya: Avellisa syndromes, Schmidt, Wallenberg-Zakharchenko da sauransu. A bayyanar cututtuka na wadannan syndromes likita iya sau da yawa sanin ainihin wurin da abin ya faru na conductive hanya zuwa da ƙididdiga.