Masu bincike a Afirka da kuma su bude

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tuna da taimako sanya ga ci gaban labarin kasa masu bincike Afirka. Su binciken sun gaba daya ya canza ra'ayin da Dark nahiyar.

A farko karatu a Afirka

A farko da aka sani tafiya a kusa da nahiyar Afrika da aka za'ayi a matsayin farkon a matsayin 600 BC. e. masu bincike na zamanin d Misira a kan umarni na Fir'auna Neko. Afirka majagaba tafi kusa da nahiyar da kuma gano ba a sani ba a wannan ƙasa.

Kuma a tsakiyar zamanai, wannan bangare na duniya ya fara haifar da tsanani damuwa a Turai, wanda ya kai ga aiki cinikayya tare da Turks, resold a wata babbar kudin Sin da India kaya. Wannan ya sa da Turai navigators don kokarin samun nasu hanya zuwa India da China domin hana Turkish shiga tsakani.

Afirka masu bincike bayyana, da kuma su samu matukar yin tasiri a tarihin duniya. A farko balaguro shirya da Portuguese kwafi Genri. A lokacin farko tafiya matuƙan gano Boyador kabido, wanda aka located a kan gabar yammacin Afrika. Masu bincike sun ƙaddara cewa wannan ne kudancin batu na ɓangaren duniya. Modern malaman yi ĩmãni da cewa Portuguese kawai ji tsoro na baki mazauni. Turawa yi imani da cewa da rana an rataye haka low a kan sabuwar ƙasar, da yan unguwa ƙona wa baki.

Portuguese Korol Huan II sanye take da wani sabon balaguro, a karkashin jagorancin Bartolomeo Diaz, da kuma Cape of Good Hope aka gano a cikin 1487 - wani real kudancin batu na ɓangaren duniya. Wannan samu taimake Turawa kai hanyar zuwa gabashin kasashen. A 1497-1499 Vasco Da Gama farko isa India da kuma mayar da su zuwa Portugal.

Systematize da ilmi tsiwirwirinsu, zai taimake tebur "Masu bincike a Afirka", a kasa.

Bayan wannan samu, Turawa zuba a cikin Afirka. A 16th karni shi ya fara sayar da bayi, da kuma 17th mafi yawan wurare da baki nahiyar da aka kama da kuma Turawan. Freedom kiyaye kawai Liberia da kuma Ethiopia. A cikin karni na 19th ya fara aiki da bincike a Afirka.

David Livingstone

Scottish Explorer na Afirka David Livingstone shi ne na farko Turai masanin kimiyya wanda ya yi nasara a kudu zuwa arewa ya haye Kalahari Desert. Ya bayyana hamada mai faɗi, da mazauna yankunan - da dan hanya-Tswana zaunar da nomadic daji. A arewa na Kalahari ya sami gallery gandun daji da girma tare da kogin bankuna, da kuma shirya ya gano manyan koguna na Afirka.

Har ila yau, masana kimiyya sun yi karatu a tafkin Ngami, River Zambezi, ya bayyana daji kabilu, da kuma bakalahari Makololo da kuma gano Lake Dilolo, yammacin dake kwarara wanda ciyarwar da Congo da kuma gabas - Zambezi. A 1855 ta bude wata babbar waterfall, wanda aka mai suna bayan British Sarauniya Victoria. Livingstone ya zama sosai da rashin lafiya kuma ya tafi har a wani lõkaci. Yana samu matafiyi Genri Morton Stenli, kuma tare suka bincika Lake Tanganyika.

Mai ransa sadaukar bincike na Afirka, wani mishan da kuma wani humanist, kokarin dakatar da cinikin bayi. Scientist mutu a lokacin da daya daga cikin expeditions.

Mungo Park

Mungo Park sanya biyu expeditions ga Black nahiyar. Manufar ya yi karatu a yammacin Afrika, musamman ta ciki, da kafofin na gudãna Gambia da kuma Sinegal. Shi ne kuma kyawawa burin da aka kafa daidai wurin da birnin Timbuktu, wanda Turawa har zuwa wannan batu sai dai kawai ya ji daga yan unguwa.

Tallafa da balaguro dauki Dzhozef Benks, suka halarci a cikin ta farko tafiya da James Cook. A kasafin kudin da aka quite suna fadin - kawai 200 fam.

A farko balaguro aka Kanmu a 1795. Yana fara tare da bakin Gambia, inda har sai akwai da Turanci shiri. Daga daya daga cikinsu, wani mai bincike da uku mataimakansa suka tafi da Gambia. A Pisani da ya tilasta dakatar da watanni biyu, kamar yadda tare da zazzabin cizon sauro.

Daga baya, sai ya tafi kara up da Gambia da kuma ta aikin gandu NERICA, tare da iyakar kudancin Sahara, inda ya aka kama. Bayan 'yan watanni da masanin kimiyyar gudanar ya tsere, kuma isa ga kogin Nijar. A nan sai ya sanya a samu - Nijar ba ne tushen da Gambia da kuma Senegal, ko da yake kafin wannan Turawa imani da cewa shi ne rarraba. Wasu lokaci bincike tafiya zuwa Najeriya, amma kuma da rashin lafiya kuma ya koma bakin Gambia.

Na biyu balaguro aka sanye take mafi alhẽri, 40 mutane halarci shi. Manufar da aka gudanar da bincike da Nijar River. Duk da haka, da tafiya ya m. Saboda da cutar, da kuma arangama da yan unguwa zuwa Bamako sun iya samun kawai mutane 11 da rai. Park ya tafi a kan wani balaguro, amma kafin sailing aika wani mataimaki duk da records. Afirka masu bincike ba su ko da yaushe iya komawa gida daga m wurare. Park da aka kashe a kusa da garin Busa, gudu daga cikin yan unguwa.

Genri Morton Stenli

Turanci Afirka Explorer Genri Morton Stenli - sanannen matafiyi da dan jarida. Ya kuma tafi a search na rasa Livingstone tare da wani detachment na da mazauni kuma same shi tsanani da rashin lafiya a Ujiji. Stanley kawo magunguna, kuma nan da nan suka tafi a kan wa Livingston kyautatuwa. Tare da suke bincika arewacin tekun na Tanganyika. A 1872 ya koma zuwa yankin Zanzibar da kuma rubuta wani sanannen littafinsa, "Ta yaya zan sami Livingstone". A 1875, tare da wani babban rukuni na masana kimiyya ta kai lake Ukereve.

A 1876, tare da wani detachment na mutane 2,000, wanda ya sanye take da Sarkin Uganda, Genri Morton Stenli tafiya a baje, gyarawa taswirar Lake Tanganyika, ya gano Lake Albert Edward, kai Nangve, bincika da kogin Lualaba da kuma kammala wani balaguro zuwa bakin da Congo River. Saboda haka, ya haye nahiyar daga gabas zuwa yamma. Travel masanin kimiyyar da aka bayyana a cikin littafin "Ta hanyar Dark nahiyar."

Vasiliy Yunker

Rasha masu bincike a Afirka sun yi babban taimako ga nazari na Black nahiyar. Vasiliy Yunker ne a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu bincike na Upper Nile da kuma arewacin Congo Basin. Tafiya da ya fara a kasar Tunisia, inda ya yi karatu Larabci. The abu na bincike da masanin kimiyyar ya zaɓi da Equatorial da kuma gabashin Afirka. Yi tafiya a cikin kasar Libya hamada, da waɗansu kõguna Barak, Sobat, rawa, jute, Tonzhi. Mitt ziyarci kasar, Kalika.

Junker ya ba kawai taru a rare tarin Flora da fauna. Ya cartographic nazarin sun m, ya sanya na farko taswirar da babba kai na Nilu, kuma masanin kimiyya bayyana Flora da fauna, musamman cikin daki-daki birai gano ba a sani ba dabba - shestokryla. Muhimmanci da kuma ethnographic data, wanda aka tattara Junker. Ya wallafa wani kamus na Negro kabilu, sai ya tattara a arziki ethnographic tarin.

Yegor Kovalevsky

Da masu bincike zo zuwa ga nahiyar Afrika da kuma a bisa gayyatar da hukumomin gari. Egor Petrovich Kovalevsky tambaye su zo Misira da na gida Halĩfa Muhammad Ali. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar a arewa-maso-gabashin Afirka, daban-daban ma'aunan kasa nazari gano placer zinariya adibas. Shi ne daya daga cikin na farko don nuna da matsayi na tushen na White Nile, ya yi karatu a cikin daki-daki da kuma tsara wani babban yanki na Sudan da kuma Abisiniya, ya bayyana rai na mutanen Afirka.

Alexander Eliseev

Aleksandr Vasilevich Eliseev gudanar a nahiyar shekaru da dama, daga 1881 zuwa 1893. Ya bincika arewacin da kuma arewa-maso-gabas Afirka. Ya aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, ga yanayin da yawan jama'a da kuma Tunisia, da Bahar Maliya, da ƙananan kai na Nilu.

Nikolai Vavilov

Soviet masu bincike sau da yawa ziyarci Afirka da Dark nahiyar, amma daga cikinsu, Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov tsaye a waje ya fi. A 1926 ya sanya wata babbar kimiyya balaguro. Ya bincika Algeria, Biskra zango a hamadan Sahara, dutsen yankin na Kabylia, Morocco, Tunisia, Somalia, Misira da Habasha da Eritrea.

O sha'awar da farko Aljihuna na amfanin gona fitowan. A yawa lokaci ya kishin kasar Habasha, inda ya tattara fiye da dubu shida da samfurori na horar da shuke-shuke da kuma samu game da 250 jinsunan alkama. Bugu da kari, mai yawa bayanai game da daji Flora aka samu.

Nikolai Vavilov tafiya a duniya, binciko da kuma tattara shuke-shuke. ya rubuta "nahiyoyi biyar" wani littafin game da tafiyarka.