Desert: muhalli matsaloli, da rayuwar da hamada

Desert - bushe sarari da wani babban zazzabi yi da kuma low zafi. Masu bincike yi imani da irin wannan wurare a duniya yanayin yankuna paradoxes. Geographers da kuma masana kimiyyar gardamar cewa sosai hamada - wannan shi ne babban muhalli matsala na duniya, ko kuma wajen da kwararowar hamada. Saboda haka muna kira da asarar da na halitta da ciyayi hadaddun akai, rashin iyawa na halitta dawo ba tare da ɗan adam baki. Bari mu gano abin da ƙasa ne hamada a kan taswira. Matsalolin muhalli na halitta yanki zai shigar kai tsaye alaka mutum aiki.

Kasar yanayin paradoxes

Mai dryland yankunan duniya ne a yammacin sahara, suka samu daga 0 zuwa 250 mm na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Danshin yawanci goma fiye da sau da adadin hazo. Mafi sau da yawa sauke ba ya isa da ƙasa ta surface, shi evaporates a cikin iska. A stony Gobi kuma a Central Asia hunturu yanayin zafi a kasa 0 ° C. A gagarumin mawadãta - halayyar alama na da sauyin yanayi na hamada. A lokacin da rana yana iya zama 25-30 ° C, a cikin Sahara ya kai 40-45 ° C. Sauran Gwargwadon paradoxes Hamada na Duniya:

• hazo ba tare da wetting da ƙasa;
• ƙura hadari da vortices ba tare da ruwan sama.
• undrained tabkuna da high gishiri ciki.
• kafofin cewa suna rasa a cikin Sands, ba bada Yunƙurin zuwa gudana;
• River ba tare da bakinka, da kuma bushe m kogin jari a yankin Neja Delta.
• meandering tabkuna da kullum canja coastlines.
• itatuwa, shrubs da kuma ganye ba tare da wani ganye, amma tare da ƙayayuwa.

The most hamada a duniya

Sararin yankunan bã tãre da ciyayi da aka dangana ga m yankunan na duniya. Yana aka mamaye itatuwa, shrubs da kuma ganye ba tare da wani ganye ko wani ciyayi, wanda ya nuna da kalmar "bari" da kanta. Hotuna featured a cikin labarin, ba wani tunani na matsananci yanayi na busassun wuraren. A map nuna cewa hamada aka located a Arewa da kudancin Hemispheres a zafi canjin yanayin. Kawai a tsakiyar Asiya, wannan halitta da yankin da aka located a cikin temperate zone, har zuwa 50 ° C. w. Babbar hamada na duniya:

• Sahara, Libya, Kalahari da Namib a Afirka.
• Monte, Patagonian da Atacama a kudancin Amirka.
• Great Sandy kuma Victoria a Australia.
• Balarabe, Gobi, Syria, Rub Al Khali hamada, da Karakum, Kyzylkum a Eurasia.

Waɗannan wurare kamar yadda Semi-hamada da kuma hamada, a ranar da duniya map a matsayin dukan Take daga 17 zuwa 25% na jimlar ƙasar yankin na duniya, da kuma a cikin Afirka da kuma Australia - 40% na yankin.

Fari a seaside

A sabon abu wuri na halayyar da Atacama Desert da kuma Namibia. Wadannan m m shimfidar ne a kan rairayin bakin teku! A Atacama Desert ne located in yamma na Kudancin Amirka, kewaye da m kololuwa na Andes dutsen tsarin, wanda ya kai wani tsawo na kan 6,500 m. A yamma an wanke ta da tekun Pacific da ta sanyi Peru halin yanzu.

Atacama - ƙẽƙasasshiya a jeji, a nan alama rikodin low ruwan sama - 0 mm. Light ruwan sama ya faru sau daya a kowace 'yan shekaru, amma a cikin hunturu sau da yawa dake neman kunno hazo daga teku. A wannan m yankin gida ce game da mutane miliyan 1. A jama'ar ke tsunduma a dabba husbandry: kewaye da makiyaya da kuma natsuwa, duk high hamada. Photos a cikin labarin ya ba da wani ra'ayi na cikin matsananci shimfidar wurare na Atacama.

Nau'in na Hamada (muhalli rarrabuwa)

1. M - zone type, halayyar da na wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical zones. A sauyin yanayi a wannan yanki shi ne zafi da kuma bushe.
2. Anthropogenic - shi ne sakamakon kai tsaye ko kaikaitacce mutum tasiri a kan yanayi. Akwai ka'idar cewa ya bayyana cewa wannan shi ne cikin hamada, da muhalli matsaloli da cewa suna hade da ta tsawo. Kuma duk wannan ne ya sa ta aiki, na yawan jama'ar.
3. Lugar - wani yanki a cikinsa akwai m mazauna. Akwai sufuri koguna, oases, wanda aka kafa a wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa.
4. Industrial - yankunan da talauci sosai ciyayi murfin kuma namun dajin, wanda aka sa ta masana'antu aiki da kuma take hakkin da na halitta yanayi.
5. Arctic - ake yin dusar ƙanƙara da kuma garin kankara expanses a high latitudes.

Kare Muhalli da matsaloli na Hamada da kuma Semi-Hamada a Arewa da kuma a cikin tropics ne irin wannan a hanyoyi da dama: misali, akwai wani rashin ruwan sama, wanda shi ne mai iyakance factor domin shuka rayuwa. Amma da garin kankara al'arshi na Arctic ne halin musamman low yanayin zafi.

Hamada - asarar a ci gaba da ciyayi cover

Game da 150 da suka wuce, masana kimiyya sun lura da karuwa a yankin na Sahara. Archaeological tono da kuma bincike akan burbushin halitta karatu sun nuna cewa shi ba ko da yaushe kamar hamada a yankin. Matsalolin muhalli sa'an nan ne da ake kira "ƙunci" na Sahara. Saboda haka, a cikin XI karni, noma, a arewacin Afirka iya magance har zuwa 21 ° latitud. Domin bakwai ƙarni arewacin kan iyakar na noma ya koma kudu zuwa 17th layi daya, zuwa ga XXI karni ya canja har ma da kara. Me ne kwararowar hamada? Wasu masu bincike bayyana aiwatar a Afirka "bushewa up" na sauyin yanayi da kuma sauran Yunkuri Sands, barci zango. The abin mamaki shi ne aikin da Stebbing "Desert, halitta mutum", saki a 1938. Marubucin ya ba da bayanai game da ci gaban da Sahara zuwa kudu kuma bayyana sabon abu na ba daidai ba noma, musamman dabbobi tattake grassy ciyayi, unsustainable noma tsarin.

Man-sanya Sanadin kwararowar hamada

A sakamakon haka, na motsi da yashi a cikin Sahara Research, masana kimiyya ya gano cewa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, a yankin na gona da dabbobi na shanu rage. Bishiyoyi da shrubs, sa'an nan reappeared, cewa an bãyar da bãya hamada! Matsalolin muhalli da ake yanzu ninkawa da kusan cikakkiyar babu lokuta a cikin abin da ƙasa janye daga m amfani ga su halitta farfadowa. Za'ayi reclamation ayyukan da reclamation a kan kananan square.

Hamada sau da yawa results a cikin mutum aiki, dalili na "shrinkage" ba da sauyin yanayi da kuma anthropogenic dangantawa da immoderate amfani da makiyaya, da} arfin ci gaban aikin gina hanya da kuma unsustainable aikin noma. Hamada a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da na halitta dalilai na iya faruwa a iyakar data kasance m yankunan, amma kasa da ƙarƙashin rinjayar ayyukan mutane. Babban Sanadin anthropogenic kwararowar hamada:

• Mining bude rami (quarry).
• waje kiwo ba tare da maido da aiki na makiyaya.
• felling na gandun daji tsaye, ƙasa ƙarfafa.
• ba daidai ba ban ruwa (ban ruwa).
• tabbatarwa daga ruwa da iska yashwa:
• draining kududdufai, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da bacewar da Aral Sea a Asiya ta tsakiya.

Kare Muhalli da matsaloli na Hamada da kuma Semi-Hamada (jerin)

1. Rashin ruwa - babban factor cewa qara shigewa na hamada shimfidar. Strong danshin da ƙura hadari kai ga karfafa ƙasƙanci da yashewa m kasa.
2. Gwargwado - ya karu abun ciki na narkewa salts, gishiri Marshes, da kuma samuwar solonetzes kusan unusable ga shuke-shuke.
3. Dust da yashi hadari - Air kwarara tashi daga ƙasa ta surface wani gagarumin adadin lafiya tarkace. A iska ta fãɗa da da gishiri fadama gishiri. Idan yashi, kuma lãka ake wadãtar da baƙin ƙarfe mahadi, sa'an nan akwai rawaya-kasa-kasa da kuma ja ƙura hadari. Za su iya rufe daruruwan ko dubban murabba'in kilomita.
4. "Iblis na Desert" - m yashi whirls, yakan a cikin iska mai babbar yawan kananan tarkace zuwa tsawo na dama dubun mita. Sand sandunan ne a saman da tsawo. Sun bambanta daga tornadoes babu cumulus girgije dauke da ruwan sama.
5. Dust kwano - wani yanki inda a can ne a game da mummunan yashewa a sakamakon fari da kuma uncontrolled plowing a cikin ƙasa.
6. Clogging, sharar gida jari - waje da na halitta yanayi na abubuwa da na dogon lokaci ba decompose ko saki mai guba abubuwa.
7. Amfani da gurbatawa na mutumin a hako ma'adinai ayyukan, ci gaba na dabba husbandry, sufuri da yawon bude ido.
8. Raguwa a yankin sun shagaltar da hamada shuke-shuke, depletion na fauna. Asarar rabe-raben.

Rayuwa Desert. Shuke-shuke da Animals

Matsananci yanayi, iyaka albarkatun ruwa da kuma bakarãriya hamada mai faɗi canja bayan da ruwa sama sosai. Mutane da yawa tsire, cacti, kuma Jade msl, iya sha da kuma ajiye mamaye ruwa a cikin tushe da kuma ganye. Xeromorphic sauran shuke-shuke, kamar saxaul, masu ɗaci, ci gaba dogon Tushen cewa isa aquifer. Animals sun saba da su kafin su sami zama dole danshi daga abinci. Mutane da yawa fauna switched zuwa nocturnal don kauce wa zafi fiye da kima.

A kewaye da duniya, da hamada musamman, yana fuskantar da mummunan tasiri na yawan ayyukan. Shin halakar da yanayi, a sakamakon da mutum da kansa ba zai iya ji dadin da kyautai na halitta. Lokacin da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke rasa su saba mazauninsu, shi ma yana da mummunan tasiri a kan rayuwar mutane.