Abin da wuski shekaru 12 na tsufa mafi alhẽri?

Wuski ko Scotch ne daya daga cikin rare ruhohi a duniya. Its ƙanshi da kuma iyawa aka halitta ta amfani da dama masana'antu tafiyar matakai, wanda ta haifar da abin sha, ga abin da mutane suke son biya kudi mai yawa. An samar daga amfanin gona, irin hatsin rai, da sha'ir, da masara, alkama da ko buckwheat. Wannan abin sha karfin su iya bambanta daga 32 zuwa 50%. A bisa ga al'ada, an samar a Ireland da kuma Scotland.

A tarihin na sha

Inda aka karo na farko sanya wannan goryachitelny sha? Amsar wannan tambaya ba a samu, amma Ireland da kuma Scotland la'akari da su, don zama wurin haifuwa wuski da jayayya a tsakãninsu game wanda shi ne na farko a wannan harka. Scots da'awar shi suka maye gurbinsu a cikin na farko tsari na inabi domin sha'ir. A sakamakon abin sha suka kira "ruwa na rai". Amma da Ailan ce su zama majiɓinci, Saint Patrick, ƙirƙira da girke-girke da kuma fara shirya da wuski kawai a su a kan tsibirin. Taro samar fara a scotch Scottish gidajen ibada, da aka yi amfani na musamman ga likita dalilai. Amma manoman suka soma da gwaninta na sufaye da ya fara samar da shi don sayarwa. Wannan abin sha da aka fi kamar daga, shi ba zai iya tsayawa, da kuma sha nan da nan bayan barasan. A cikin XIX karni gida masana'antu iya zuwa gaba matakin da installing Coffey, wanda ya taimaka wa muhimmanci ƙara ƙara da kerarre samfurin. Tun wannan lokacin da masana'antu samar da wannan samfur, akwai kamfanonin da cewa kware kawai a ta samar. A zamaninmu, da Scottish kuma Irish Scotch suna dauke da mafi kyau. Wuski shekaru 12 na tsufa mai daraja a fadin duniya.

Iri "ruwa na rai"

Akwai irin wannan wuski rarrabuwa:

1. malt - An yi kawai daga sha'ir malt, ba tare da wani impurities. an kuma rarraba a nuna a cikin:

• malt (kerarre da wannan distillery).
• Single cask (wuski, wanda aka dauka daga daya ganga).
• Quarter cask (kawai dauki abin sha daga ganga sanya na American itacen oak da ciwon kananan size).
• Vatted malt (m tef tare da cakuda daban-daban distilleries).

2. hatsi - shi ke kusan duk blended wuski, kawai karamin sulusi da murabba'i ke sayarwa a kiri. Wannan irin ba tare da Additives yana da kusan babu dandano. Mafi sau da yawa aka yi amfani da matsayin masana'antu albarkatun kasa domin samar da sauran iri na sha.

3. Mixed - abin sha, wanda aka samu ta hanyar hadawa (blending) na malt da hatsi jinsunan tef. 90% na jimlar samar lissafta ta irin wannan. Idan shi ne babban abun ciki na malt, wannan abin sha yana da matsayi na "Lux".

4. "Bourbon" - wani American girke-girke, wanda ya shafi samar da wuski daga masara, kuma yana da musamman fasahar.

masana'antu da fasaha

A samar da wannan abin sha da aka raba matakai kamar yadda:

1. Shiri na sha'ir malt - a wannan mataki, sha'ir da aka sarrafa. Ya bukata don warware, tsabta da kuma bushe. Bayan haka, ya yi sharkaf da kuma yada a kan kasa na malting shuke-up to 10 kwana. Lokacin da hatsi sprouts, shi ne ya aiko don bushewa. Kamar yadda shi dai malt. Na ba-tsirar da zangarniya akwai ƙwãya sa hatsi wuski.

2. Bushewa - aiwatar da bushewa da malt, wanda ya auku da zafi hayaki daga konewa daga gawayi, peat ko Beech itace shavings. Kamar yadda shi dai itace, "kyafaffen hatsi." Wannan mataki da aka yi amfani da kawai a Scotland, wanda ya bada dandano scotch daga wannan ɓangare na UK.

3. Wort Production - bushe malt ne tuba zuwa cikin gari da kuma zuga a ruwa. Wannan cakuda da aka kare 8-12 hours.

4. Fermentation, ko fermentation - a lokacin da wort an sanyaya, yisti da aka kara wa shi, kuma ya sa a cikin wani wuri dumi (35-37 digiri) na kwana biyu. Ƙarfi daga cikin sakamakon abin sha kai 5%.

5. barasan - 5% sha distilled sau biyu ko sau uku. Bayan na farko barasan, da ruwa sansanin soja 25-30%, bayan na biyu - 70%. Domin kara yin amfani kawai kai da abin sha da gudana a tsakiyar barasan tsari. A siffar da barasan inji ne na musamman a cikin kowane distillery, kamar yadda wannan ƙwarai musababin dandano na wuski. A sakamakon abin sha ne diluted da ruwa, kuma da ƙarfi an rage wa 50-64%.

6. Exposure - wuski tsayawar a itacen oak ganga. Idan wannan ganga na sherry zo daga Spain, shi ya samu ingancin abin sha. Amma sau da yawa amfani da American itacen oak ganga, wanda aka kiyaye "Bourbon".

7. Blending - Wannan mataki da ake amfani da wani gauraye tef. Sa'an nan ci a cikin guda malt da hatsi whiskeys cewa da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na daukan hotuna (daga 3 years). Bayan da cewa, suna adana kamar wata biyu. Daga wannan lokaci ya dogara da kudin na sha, idan kawai 'yan makonni, shi ne cheap, idan 6-8 watanni - high quality tsada sha.

8. bottling - supernatant sayar da giya ne tace da taimako na takarda membranes. Da yawan zafin jiki ya zama a cikin kewayon 2-10 digiri. Bayan wannan tef ne diluted da ruwa dauka daga halitta kafofin. Idan abun da ke ciki ya hada da wani cakuda wuski shekaru 12 na tsufa, shi ne kara wa da sunan De luxe, wato, shi ne daga cikin mafi ingancin abin sha.

jimiri lokaci

A 1860, wata dokar da aka bayar a Scotland, wanda ya bayyana cewa, barasa dole ne a kiyaye akalla shekaru 3. Idan malt scotch ba tsara don blending, shi ne kiyaye tsakanin 5 da 20 shekara. Wuski shekaru 12 na tsufa tana nufin asalin iri, '21 - wani haraji. A rarest iri suna adana a ganga har zuwa shekaru 50. A Ireland, ya fi na kowa lokaci ne 5 shekaru, a Canada - 6.

Wuski "Chivas Regal"

Wannan iri ne kasuwanci ta alatu barasa a Scotland. A kafa kamfanin "Chivas" sun yan'uwa biyu, da Yahaya, da Dzheyms Chivasy baya a 1801. Sai suka ji cewa a Scotland babu wuski, wanda zai iya da matsayi na wani Elite. Saboda haka, sai suka yanke shawarar da kaina haifar da abin sha iri. A sabuwar halitta tef ya kasance da kyau, da kuma sauri fadi cikin soyayya da duk nobility na Scotland. Amma 'yan'uwa ba su daina. Bi mataki shi ne halittar dogon lokacin da daukan hotuna zuwa wuski fitarwa zuwa Amurka. Wannan alama an mai suna Chivas Regal 25, kuma shi da sauri nasara da American kasuwar. Amma a 1920, da aka gabatar a Amurka bushe dokar, wanda katse cinikayya. Bayan ta sokewa da kamfanin koma zuwa kasuwar karkashin iri Chivas Regal 12. A lokacin mu, "Chivas Regal" sayar kawai gogaggun sha. Wa'adinsa daukan hotuna - daga 12 zuwa shekaru 21. Wuski "Chivas" an shekaru 12 shekaru a cikin yanayi na musamman, kuma shi ne mafi m. Goma sha takwas tef aka halitta a 1997 ta Colin Scott da kuma bayar da wani gungu na lambobin yabo da lambar yabo ga quality. Ashirin-shekara shekaru 21, shi da aka tsara a shekara ta 1953 musamman domin sa kambi na Elizabeth II. Amma har yanzu wuski "Regal" 12 shekaru na tsufa sayi up yawa fiye da zuciya saboda da low farashin da kyau kwarai quality.

Wuski "Macallan"

Wannan abin sha da aka yi a yankin Kogin Spey a Scotland, wanda shi ne sanannen domin ta distilleries a duniya. Wannan high quality-wuski, shi ne kiyaye a sherry casks. Its bayãnin hukuncin alama ne duffai uku barasan, yayin da misali da aka yi amfani da kewayen filaye 2. The kafa wannan kamfanin ne Aleksandr rabu, wanda a 1824 samu wani lasisi da ya bude ya distillery. A m shekaru, ta repurchased da daban-daban masu zaman kansu da kuma shari'a rãyukansu ba. A cikin shekaru 50 na karni na ashirin, The Macallan fara fure ta samfurin a cikin kwalabe. Matsakaicin ajiya lokaci a wannan makaman - shekaru 30, amma wuski "Macallan" 12 shekaru na tsufa ne mafi mashahuri, kuma ƙaunar a ko'ina cikin duniya.

Wuski "Aberfeldy"

A wani karamin kauye, wanda aka located a duwatsun Grampian a Scotland, samar da daya daga cikin shahararrun whiskeys. Yana yana da wani rarrabe launi, ƙanshi da kuma iyawa, wanda tabbatacce ya sa shi ya tsaya daga cikin dukan sauran mutane. A farko saki wuski "Aberfeldy" Dewar yan'uwa fara a 1898. A farko da suka shirya ya nuna yau da kullum malt, amma sai ya yanke shawarar zuwa yi guda-malt wuski. Wannan abin sha da aka yi amfani a matsayin tushen ga sauran brands, amma tun shekarar 1988 asali iri aiki ne kawai a kansu. Wuski "Aberfeldy" 12 shekaru da shekaru 20 na tsufa ya yi nasara da duniya. Bayan duk, a wannan distillery na kokarin tserewa daga zamani, don samar da kayayyaki da kuma sha ta gargajiya da fasahar yin amfani da ruwa kawai daga gida dutsen marẽmari.

Wuski "Glenfiddik"

Wannan Scotch wuski (ko tef) da aka sanya a FIDIC River yankin, kusa da inda birnin Daftaun. Ga an samar kawai guda malt irin wannan abin sha. Da alama an halitta a 1887 ta William Grant. Shi da iyalinsa, ya gina wani distillery kuma suna da shi bayan kwarin a cikin abin da aka gina shi. Don wannan rana, babban-jikoki William mallaka wannan samarwa. A shekara ta 1957, da wuski fara zuba a cikin wani musamman kwalban triangular siffar. Products wannan distillery ne zuwa kashi classic jeri na Premium iyaka da kuma iyaka. Mafi na kowa wuski - "Glenfiddik" 12 shekaru na tsufa - yana nufin da classic. Yana kuma ya hada da abubuwan sha da aka adana a 15 da kuma 18 shekaru. Mixed sha shekaru 21 da kuma 30, iyakance - 40 da kuma 50 shekaru.

Wuski "Balvenie"

Wani kamfanin daga kwarin kogin Spey, a Scotland. Yana da aka gano a 1892 by guda William Grant kuma ya karbi sunan castle, wanda aka located kusa da nan. A cikin ginshiki, sai ya tsaya ya sha, a kan benen kasa ya mai shagon na malting sha'ir da aka adana a kan na biyu, wanda aka girma a cikin gundumar. A 1973, da alama "Balvenie" ya fara nuna kwalba wuski. An kasu kashi na yau da kullum da kuma iyaka. Wuski "Balvenie" 12 shekaru na tsufa da dangantaka da biyu na farko da na biyu da irin. A duk ya dogara ko, in abin ya tsaya ganga.

amfani

Dan Ailan da Scots suna da nasu hadisai a cikin yin amfani da wuski. Farko shi ba ne diluted, da kuma na biyu biyar rike musamman na al'ada «S»: gani, wari, savor, guga da kuma fantsama ruwa. Sun yi imani da cewa wannan zai taimaka wa cikakken fuskanci duk da dandano na wuski da kuma samun matsakaicin jin dadi daga gare shi. Wuski shekaru 12 na tsufa ne sosai ƙaunar da nuna godiya a cikin wadannan sassa. Yana da matukar high quality, kuma ta saya ba sosai wani kokarin a kan kasafin iyali.

Saboda haka, wuski - shi ne abin sha da musamman dandano da wari, wanda ya lashe zukatan miliyoyin mutane. Mahaifarsa aka dauke Scotland da kuma Ireland. Ci gaba da sha daga 3 zuwa 50 shekaru, abin da kayyade ta inganci da farashin. Wuski shekaru 12 na tsufa ne ya fi kowa da irin wannan abin sha.