Donjon - wannan impregnable hasumiya a cikin castle. Donjon a wani na da castle, da tarihi, da tsarin ciki

Gidãje har yanzu gigice ba kawai romantics da mafarkai, amma kuma quite hadin mutane. Tare da wadannan majestic gine-gine ji da numfashin baya da kuma ba da gangan buga da fasaha na gine-ginen. Bayan duk, ko da wani karni na yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma sieges ba kone su ganuwar zuwa ga ƙasa. Kuma safest wuri kowane kulle zuciyarsa, shi ne Ka ci gaba da - wannan shi ne mafi garu ciki hasumiya.

A kadan tarihi

A zamanin William mai Tanƙwasa (XI karni), daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci iri yi shi ne erection na gidãje da take ta Norman nobility. Zai yiwu mafi shahara da kuma zamanin da kurkuku da aka gina kawai, cewa, sarki - wani farin ginin hasumiyar London (da kammala aikin gina - 1078). Yana daya daga cikin mafi impregnable masaukai a Turai, gina ta Normans, domin karfafa mulkin Anglo-Saxons. Saboda haka, akwai matsara lokaci - a master ta hasumiya, idan fassara zahiri daga Faransa. Hakika, a sauran} asashen, irin wannan gini yana da nasa sunan kansa, amma jigon kasance iri guda.

Mene ne wani kurkuku a wani na da castle?

Duk da waje iri-iri, duk kwa'di an gina ta amfani kamar guda shirin. Mafi sau da yawa suna kewaye da karfi ganuwar tare da m square hasumiya, a kowane kusurwa. Amma a cikin m bel na hasumiyar kurkuku.

Da farko, sun kasance rectangular a siffar, amma a kan lokaci ya fara bayyana polygonal ko madauwari Tsarin domin ya kara da kwanciyar hankali. Bayan duk, daya daga cikin 'yan hanyoyin da za a dauki wani impregnable sansanin soja da ya da wani rami sa'an nan zuwa rushe harsashin ginin a kan kusurwa.

Wasu hasumiyoyin da rarraban bango a tsakiyar. Samun daban-daban matakan da sassa na castle samar da gwamnatin rikon kwarya da kuma karkace staircases gina a cikin m ganuwar. Wannan nau'i na matakala saboda gaskiyar cewa suna juya a kewaye iri na agogo shugabanci, kuma ta haka ne da kare zai zama m rike da takobi a hannunsa na dama, da kuma motsi za a tilasta da maharan.

Ancient gine-ginen san cewa ga halittarsu zai jima ko daga baya zai zama batun yaƙi da abokan gaba. Sai suka gangan sanya m sassa protruding duwatsu a kan matakala, daban-daban tsawo da kuma zurfin da matakai, kazalika da sauran "surprises". Oboroniteli castle sun saba masa, amma da dan wasan zai yi tuntuɓe, cewa a cikin zãfi na yaki zai zama daraja rai. An ƙarin matakin na kariya sun grating, iko da kuma sturdy kofa kwa'di. Donjon aka sosai a hankali tunanin fitar.

unassailable Refayawa

Irin wannan hasumiya, da aka gina a cikin dutse. Katako mata kagarai iya ba samar da isasshen kariya a kan wuta, jefawa da kuma kewaye ta da yaƙi makamai. Bugu da kari, da dutse tsari ne mafi alhẽri dace nobility - wani damar yin mai girma da kuma lafiya da dakuna da aka kyau kariya daga yanayin. Suna iya yin wata babbar fireplaces cewa sun warmed da sanyi dutse dakin. A katako gini ba ka damar yin kawai karamin hearth.

Gine-ginen da yaushe la'akari da ƙasa a cikin shiri da kuma zabi mafi kyau wuraren tsaro kan gaba kwa'di. Donjon, bi da bi, ya tashe high, ko da sama da matakin na sansanin soja, wanda ba kawai taimaka wajen inganta review, kuma ya ba da amfani na maharba, amma yin su kusan m zuwa katako, yaƙi ya kewaye ladders. Matsayin mai mulkin, da gina sansanin soja ta fara da babban hasumiya, da kuma kawai to, shi ne overgrown tare da sauran wurare.

internals kurkuku

Ƙofar hasumiyar shi ne kawai daya. Yana tashe sama da ƙasa da kuma shirya wani tsãni ko ma wani moat da drawbridge cewa maharan iya amfani da battering rago. Dakin nan da nan bayan da shigarwa ne, wani lokacin amfani da su kwance ɗamarar yaƙi da baƙi, saboda Ka ci gaba da - shi ne mai tsarki na Holies na castle, ba shi yiwuwa su hana yiwuwar shigar azzakari cikin farji daga wani m maƙiyi. Yana kuma housed da masu gadi. Gefen bangon shirya wani kananan alcove tare da wani ta hanyar rami, wanda aka yi amfani da matsayin bayan gida. Irin wannan na'urar ne a kan kowane bene. A cikin ginshiki hasumiyar don ajiye samfurin, kazalika da shi ne daya daga cikin safest wuraren da za a ajiye taskõkin nobility. Duk da haka, ya kasance mafi prosaic aiki - a nan cikin fursunonin da aka located kamara kuma a magudana rami.

A hawa na biyu shirya zauren taro kuma banquets. Tun bene sarari ya kasance kananan, kitchen ya sau da yawa a waje cikin kurkuku. Har ila yau, a nan, ko a kasa sama shi ne wani karamin ɗakin sujada. Matsayin mai mulkin, karkarar kowane castle da kansa coci, amma masu da castle kuma mai taken baƙi zuwa addu'a dabam.

A saman bene akwai Mr. Castle da ayarinsa dakin. Wancan ne, su ne mafi m daga ƙofar hasumiyar don ya samar musu da mafi kyau kariya.

Sama da gida mai dakuna Masters da aka kai tsaye sumunti, abin da yake a cikin circumferential gallery ga masu gadi, wani lokacin shiga up ƙarin kananan turrets.

Disadvantages dutse da rinjaye

Amma, duk da bayyane abũbuwan amfãni, irin sansanin soja da biyu babbar drawbacks. Na farko shi ne cewa Ka ci gaba da - wannan sigar musamman tsada yi. A yi na castle iya iya kawai sosai m sarakuna da manyan gari, da kuma halaka ko asarar da sansanin soja zai iya haifar da kudi lalata da wata daraja gidan. Kuma ko da a wani kudin gidãje gina 5-10 shekaru. Da abun ciki da aka ma fun ba cheap.

To, na biyu, babu kasa mai muhimmanci drawback - komai da magina fice gidãje, jima ko daga baya, tsaron gida sababbin abubuwa na baya zuwa wani sabon makami ko dabarun samu attacker.