Egocentric magana. Jawabin da kuma tunani na yaro. Zhan Piazhe

The sabon abu na egocentric jawabin na yaro sosai kuma sau da yawa tattauna a Psychology. Idan muka magana game da jawabin a duk, shi ya ɗora waje, ciki da kuma m al'amurran da mutum sani. Saboda haka, su fahimci abin da yaro ne tunanin, abin da ya ke ciki, ya kamata ka kula da jawabin nasa.

Wasu iyaye fara damu a lokacin da su yaro ya ce ba da alaka da cikin ma'anar kalmomin, a matsayin idan mindlessly maimaita duk da cewa daga wani ji. Yana iya zama a cikin ni'ima, a lokacin da kana kokarin gane dalilin da ya sa ya ce wannan ko da kalma, da kuma yaro kawai ba zai iya bayyana shi. Ko a lokacin da yaro ke magana da interlocutor, kamar yadda idan da wani bango, a cikin wasu kalmomi, kusan ko ina, kuma ba tare da jiran wani martani, da yawa kasa fahimta. Iyaye iya samun tunani game da su jaririn ta ci gaba a shafi tunanin mutum da cuta da hatsarori da cewa boye a karkashin kanta wani nau'i na magana.

Mene ne egocentric magana, da gaske? Kuma ko ba damu idan ka lura da cututtuka a cikin yaro?

Mene ne egocentric magana?

Daya daga cikin na farko da masana kimiyya wanda ya sadaukar da yawa lokaci zuwa binciken yara egocentric magana, da kuma bude wannan ra'ayi, ya Zhan Piazhe - a psychologist daga Switzerland. Ya ɓullo da kansa ka'idar a cikin wannan yankin da kuma gudanar da wani jerin gwaje-gwajen shafe kananan yara.

Bisa ga binciken, daya daga cikin fili na waje manifestations egocentric mukamai a yaro ta tunani ne daidai da egocentric magana. Shekarun da ake yi shi ne aka fi lura - daga uku zuwa shekaru biyar. Daga baya, bisa ga Piaget, wannan sabon abu vuya kusan gaba daya.

Mene ne daban-daban game da wannan hali daga cikin saba baby magana? Egocentric jawabin - shi ne magana da tunani, directed ga kansa. A yara, shi ya auku a lokacin da suke bayyane daga magana, ba tare da resorting to kowa, ka tambayi kanka wannan tambaya, kuma bai damu game da abin da ba su sami wani martani ga su.

The sosai kai-centeredness aka bayyana a cikin tunani a matsayin mayar da hankali a kan sirri burinsu, a raga, abubuwan, rashin daidaiton a kan irin abubuwan da na sauran mutane, kuma duk waje tsoma. Duk da haka, idan ka baby an kiyaye wannan sabon abu, tsoro ba lallai ba ne. Yawa bayarda da so ba m, a wani zurfi da la'akari da tunani da bincike a wannan yanki.

Ci gaba da kuma gudanar da binciken Zhana Piazhe

Zhan Piazhe a cikin littafin "Jawabin da kuma tunani na yaro" kokarin bayyana amsar wannan tambaya na abin da yana bukatar kokarin saduwa da wani yaro, magana da kansa. A lokacin da gudanar da bincike, ya zo da dama ban sha'awa karshe, amma daya daga cikin kura-kuran da ya cewar ga wani cikakken fahimtar isa bincike na image na yaro ta tunani kadai jawabin nasa a matsayin kalmomi kai tsaye daidai da mataki. Daga baya, sauran masana ilimin tunani sun ƙaryata game da irin wannan ba daidai ba ne akidarsu, da kuma sabon abu na egocentric harshe a yara sadarwar da aka bayyana zurfi.

Lokacin da Piaget diddigin al'amarin, shi da'awar cewa shi a cikin yara, kamar yadda, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, kuma a cikin manya, akwai ba kawai don sadarwa ideas, amma kuma yana da wasu ayyuka. A cikin shakka daga bincike da gwaje-gwajen da za'ayi a cikin "House of ƙanana," Jean-Jacques Rousseau da kuma Jean Piaget ya iya sanin ko aikin Categories yara ta magana. A lokacin watan, mun kasance sosai, kuma cikakken bayanin kula daga abin da kowane yaro ya ce. Bayan da hankali magani daga cikin kayan tattara Psychologists sun gano biyu main kungiyoyin na yara magana: egocentric jawabin da socialized.

Abin da zai iya gaya wannan sabon abu?

Egocentric jawabin da aka bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa, ya ce da yaro ne ba su da sha'awar wanda ya saurara zuwa da kuma ko shi wani ya saurare. Egocentric harshe ya aikata wannan tsari, na farko, magana kawai game da kaina, a lokacin da yaro ba ko da ka yi kokarin fahimtar da ra'ayi na interlocutors. Ya bukatar kawai fili amfani, ko da yake da mafarki da ake gane da kuma ji, da yaro yake iya zama ba. Ya kuma ba ya kokarin ya magana zuwa da wani tasiri a kan tushen, tattaunawar kẽɓantacce ne ga rãyukansu.

Iri egocentric magana

Abin sha'awa kuma da cewa, kamar yadda aka ayyana ta Piaget, egocentric magana kuma zuwa kashi da dama Categories, kowane tare da halaye daban-daban:

1. A maimaitawa kalmomi.
2. Monologue.
3. "The monologue na biyu mutane."

Wadannan iri yara egocentric harshen amfani da yara a karkashin wani halin da ake ciki kuma su gajere bukatun.

Mene ne a sake?

Maimaitawa (echolalia) Yã kẽwaye kusan kiyashi maimaitawa kalmomi ko syllables. A baby ke yin shi don neman yardar samu daga magana, ya ba da cikakken yalwaci da kalmar da bai shafi kowa da wani abu kankare. Wannan sabon abu ne da ragowar jariri kũtsa kuma ba ya dauke da 'yar alamar zamantakewa fuskantarwa. A farko 'yan shekaru na rayuwa da yaro likes to maimaita kalmomin ji, koyi da sauti da kuma syllables, sau da yawa ba tare da zuba jari a cikin shi ba musamman ma'anar. Piaget yi imanin cewa, irin wannan magana na da wasu kamance da wasan, saboda yaro ya mayar da sauti ko kalmomi saboda nisha.

Mene ne wani monologue?

Monologue matsayin egocentric jawabin na yaro ne mai zance da kansa, kamar m tunani da ƙarfi. Wannan irin magana ba directed zuwa interlocutor. A wannan halin da ake ciki, da kalmar ga yaro hade da aikin. Marubucin gano wadannan corollary ga wannan, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci da yaron ya monologues:

• aiki, da yaro (ko da tare da kaina) sun ce da su bi wasan da daban-daban ƙungiyoyi da kuma ihu kalmomi;
• rakiyar kalmomi da ayyuka da cewa yaro zai iya canza hali zuwa mataki ko ka ce wani abu ba tare da wanda ba zai iya zama gaskiya.

Mene ne wani "monologue tare"?

"Monologue for biyu", kuma aka sani da na gama monologue, aka kuma aka bayyana a cikin wasu daki-daki, a cikin ayyukansu na Piaget. Marubucin ya rubuta cewa sunan form cewa daukan yara egocentric jawabin iya ze da ɗan sabanin, saboda matsayin monologue za a iya za'ayi a tattaunawa tare da mutum? Duk da haka, wannan sabon abu ne sau da yawa gani a yara tattaunawa. Yana bayyana kanta a gaskiyar cewa a lokacin tattaunawar kowane yaro dora ta zuwa ga wasu yi ko tunani, ba a neman a gaske ji da kuma gane. Bisa ga interlocutor cewa yaro ba daukan la'akari, domin shi ne irin abokan hamayyarsu ne causative wakili na wani monologue.

Piaget kira na gama monologue na zaman jama'a nau'i na egocentric magana iri. Bayan yin amfani da wannan irin harshen da yaro yana magana ba ne dõmin kansa kawai shi kadai ba, amma ga wasu. Amma a lokaci guda, yara ba su saurari waɗannan monologues, saboda ana jawabi, kyakkyawan, to kanka - da karfi yaro yayi tunani game da ayyukansu, da nufin kai wani tunani da interlocutor.

Da sabanin ra'ayin da aka psychologist

A cewar Piaget, ba mu da wa karamin yaro, sabanin da ya fara tasawa, ba sosai wani da makami na sadarwa kamar ancillary da imitative mataki. Daga ra'ayinsa, da yaro a farkon shekaru na rayuwa ne a request a rufaffiyar kafa. Piaget, kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa yaro ta egocentric magana daukan wuri, kazalika da yawan gwaje-gwajen, zo ga wannan ƙarshe: Tuna baby egocentric, wanda ke nufin ya tsammani ne dõmin kansa kawai, ba so fahimce shi, da ba neman gane hanyar tunani da na interlocutor.

Bincike da karshe Lva Vygotskogo

Daga baya, gudanar da irin wannan gwaje-gwajen, da yawa masu bincike sun karyata ƙarshe gabatar sama Piaget. Alal misali, Lev Vygotsky - Soviet masanin kimiyya da kuma psychologist - soki da ra'ayi daga cikin Swiss aikin senselessness na egocentric jawabin na yaro. A cikin shakka daga naka gwaje-gwajen, irin waɗanda samar Zhan Piazhe, ya zo ga ƙarshe wasu har saba wa na farko amincewa da Swiss psychologist.

Wani sabon look at sabon abu na egocentric magana

Daga cikin ritaya Vygotsky abubuwa game da sabon abu na yaro ta egocentrism ne mai yiwuwa a yi la'akari da wadannan:

1. Abubuwan da hana wasu ayyuka na yaro (misali, ya dauki yayin da jawo wani launi pencils), tsokani egocentric magana. Its girma a cikin wadannan yanayi qara kusan sau biyu.
2. Bugu da kari ya sallame ayyuka zalla ma'ana aiki da gaskiya cewa yaro ta egocentric magana ne sau da yawa tare da wani wasan ko wasu daban na yara ayyukan, shi ma zai iya taka daban-daban rawa. Wannan nau'i na magana tabbas, mai kẽwayewa aiki na ilimi da wani shirin warware matsalar ko aiki, zama haka wani musamman wajen tunani.
3. Egocentric magana ne sosai kama da yaro a ciki, na balagaggun shafi tunanin mutum magana ba. Bã su da yawa a cikin na kowa: m tunani, mai taqaitaccen hanya na tunani, da rashin fahimtar interlocutor ba tare da ƙarin mahallin. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin manyan siffofin da wannan sabon abu ne da canja wurin da magana a kan aiwatar da samuwar daga ciki da waje.
4. A shekaru baya, kamar ba bace amma zama egocentric tunani - ciki magana.
5. Ilimi aiki da wannan sabon abu ba za a iya dauke da wani kai tsaye sakamako na egocentrism na yara tunani, saboda tsakanin wadannan Concepts, akwai cikakken babu connection. A gaskiya egocentric jawabin farkon kan zama wani irin fi'ili wajen rajista da idon basira tunani Toddler.

Yadda za a amsa?

Wadannan binciken ya bayyana a zama fiye da ma'ana da kuma taimaka ba to damu ɓarna, idan yaro ya nuna alamun egocentric siffofin sadarwa. Bayan duk wannan irin tunani ne ba magana game da mayar da hankali kawai a kan kanka ko zamantakewa maladjustment, kuma haka ne ba da wani tsanani shafi tunanin mutum cuta, kamar wasu quite kuskuren dame shi da manifestations schizophrenia. Egocentric magana ne tsaka-tsakin mataki a cikin ci gaban da ma'ana tunani na yaro, da kuma ƙarshe ya jũya a cikin ciki. Saboda haka, da yawa zamani masana ilimin tunani na ce cewa egocentric nau'i na jawabin kamata ba kokarin gyara ko warkar - shi ne cikakken al'ada.