Electrochemical Kwayoyin: da manufa na aikin da kuma iri-iri da

Yau, da galvanic Kwayoyin suna daga cikin mafi kowa sinadaran halin yanzu kafofin. Duk da shortcomings, su ne yadu a yi amfani da lantarki da kuma kullum inganta.

manufa na aiki

A sauki misali na aiki na electrochemical cell ne kamar haka. A gilashin kwalba da wani mai ruwa-ruwa sulfuric acid bayani da aka nutsa biyu faranti: daya - jan karfe, na biyu - tutiya. Su ne tabbatacce kuma korau sandunan da tantanin halitta. Idan wadannan sandunan a haɗa shi da shugaba don samun sauki lantarki kewaye. Ciki da cell halin yanzu za su gudana daga tutiya farantin da ciwon wani mummunan cajin da jan karfe, gaskiya ma da caji. A cikin matsanancin sarkar motsi na cajin barbashi za su faru a gaban shugabanci.

A karkashin mataki na wani halin yanzu na hydrogen ions da acidic saura na sulfuric acid za ta motsa a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Hydrogen zai daina su zargin jan farantin da acid saura - tutiya. Saboda haka irin ƙarfin lantarki za a kiyaye a cikin tashoshi na kashi. A lokaci guda a farfajiya na jan karfe farantin zai shirya hydrogen kumfa, wanda zai raunana sakamakon da electrochemical cell. Hydrogen halitta tare da karfe faranti ƙarin danniya, da ake kira mai electromotive karfi rabuwa. caji shugabanci daura da shugabanci na electromotive karfi EMF lura da electrochemical cell. Kumfa kansu haifar da ƙarin juriya kashi.

Muka yi la'akari da abubuwa - wannan shi ne wani classic misali. A gaskiya, wadannan Kwayoyin sun kawai ba amfani saboda high rabuwa. Wannan shi bai faru ne a cikin yi da abubuwa a cikin abun da ke ciki an gudanar na musamman abu mamaye hydrogen atoms, da ake kira da depolarizer. Yawanci, wannan kwayoyi dauke da oxygen ko chlorine.

Amfani ko rashin amfani da zamani electrochemical Kwayoyin

Modern electrochemical Kwayoyin suna sanya daga daban-daban kayan. Mafi na kowa da kuma saba da irin - wani tutiya-carbon abubuwa amfani a cikin penlight batura. Wadannan abũbuwan amfãni hada da gwada da low cost, to minuses - a kananan shiryayye rayuwa da kuma low iko.

A mafi m wani zaɓi - shi ne alkaline cell. Suna kuma kira tutiya-manganese. A nan, electrolyte ba a bushe kaya kamar kwal, da kuma wani alkaline bayani. Dakatar da irin wannan abubuwa ma ba emit gas, inda suka za a iya sanya airtight. A shiryayye rayuwar wadannan abubuwa ne mafi girma fiye da na tutiya-carbon.

Mercury abubuwa irin a tsarin to alkaline. Akwai used Mercury oxide. Irin ikon kafofin aka yi amfani, misali, ga kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. Su abũbuwan amfãni - resistant zuwa high yanayin zafi (har zuwa 50, da kuma a wasu model zuwa 70? C), a barga ƙarfin lantarki, high inji ƙarfi. Hasara - mai guba Properties na Mercury, saboda wanda shaye-rai abubuwa dole ne a abar sosai a hankali da kuma aika ga sake amfani.

A wasu daga cikin abubuwa amfani ga yi na azurfa oxide cathodes, amma saboda tsadar kudin karfe amfani da su ta fuskar tattalin arziki disadvantageous. More kowa abubuwa tare lithium anodes. Su ma suna da wani babban darajar, amma suna da mafi girma da ikon dukan sama iri electrochemical Kwayoyin.

Wani irin baturi Kwayoyin - maida hankali cell. Su barbashi motsi tsari zai iya ci gaba da canja wurin da babu canja wuri na ions. Nau'i na farko - shi ne wani kashi a cikin da biyu m lantarki nutsa cikin electrolyte mafita daga daban-daban taro rabu da wani semipermeable membrane. A cikin irin wannan abubuwa EMF ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ions aka canjawa wuri a cikin wani bayani da wani m taro. The abubuwa na biyu da irin wayoyin sanya daga daban-daban karafa, da kuma maida hankali ne masu hada kai ta hanyar sunadarai matakai wanda ke faruwa a kowane daga cikin wayoyin. A electromotive karfi daga wadannan abubuwa ne mafi girma fiye da na da abubuwa na farko da irin.