A amfani da makamashin nukiliya: matsaloli da al'amurra

A tartsatsi amfani da makamashin nukiliya ta fara da godiya ga kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba ba wai kawai a cikin soja filin, amma kuma ga m dalilai. Yau ba za ka iya yi ba tare da shi a cikin masana'antu, makamashi da kuma magani.

Duk da haka, da yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya yana ba kawai abũbuwan amfãni amma kuma disadvantages. Da farko, shi ne hatsari na radiation, duka biyu ga mutane, kuma domin yanayi.

A amfani da makamashin nukiliya da aka tasowa a biyu kwatance: da amfani da makamashi da kuma yin amfani da rediyoaktif isotopes.

Da farko, makamashin nukiliya za a yi amfani ne kawai ga soja dalilai, da kuma duk da ci gaban faruwa a cikin wannan shugabanci.

A amfani da makamashin nukiliya domin soja

A manyan yawan sosai aiki kayayyakin amfani ga samar da makaman nukiliya. A cewar masana, da makaman nukiliya warheads dauke da dama ton na plutonium.

Makaman nukiliya suna dauke su makaman kare dangi, domin samar da halakar sararin yankunan.

A radius daga mataki da cajin ikon makaman nukiliya ne zuwa kashi:

• Dabara.
• Aiki da kuma dabara.
• Dabarun.

Makaman nukiliya kasu kashi atomic da hydrogen. Bisa makaman nukiliya unguided sa nauyi sarkar fission na nuclei da kuma dauki na fe. Domin sarkar dauki amfani da uranium ko plutonium.

Storage na irin wannan mai yawa m kayan - wannan shi ne babban barazana ce ga bil'adama. Da kuma yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya domin soja dalilai iya kai ga tsanani sakamakon.

Domin da farko lokacin da makaman nukiliya da aka yi amfani da a 1945 domin kai hari a kan Japan biranen Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki. A sakamakon wannan hari sun kasance catastrophic. Kamar yadda ka sani, wannan shi ne na farko da kuma karshe amfani da makamashin nukiliya a cikin yaki.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

IAEA da aka kafa a shekarar 1957 don inganta hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen biyu a cikin filin na makamashin nukiliya na zaman lafiya dalilai. Tun daga farko, hukumar da aka aiwatar da wani shirin a kan "nukiliya lafiya da kuma kare muhalli."

Amma, mafi muhimmanci aiki - shi iko a kan kasar ta ayyukan a cikin nukiliya filin. Kungiyar za a tabbatar da cewa ci gaba da kuma yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya ne domin zaman lafiya dalilai kawai.

Makasudin wannan shirin - don tabbatar da amintaccen amfani da makamashin nukiliya, da kariya na mutum da kuma muhalli radiation daukan hotuna. A dillancin aka tsunduma a cikin binciken da sakamakon na nuclear hatsari.

A dillancin ma na goyon bayan gudanar da bincike, ci gaba da kuma aikace-aikace na makamashin nukiliya na zaman lafiya dalilai da abubuwa a matsayin wani tsakiya a musayar ayyuka da kuma kayan tsakanin membobin hukumar.

Tare da United Nations IAEA ma'anar da kuma buga nagartacce a filin aminci, kuma kiwon lafiya.

makamashin nukiliya

A cikin rabi na biyu na forties na karni na ashirin, Soviet masana kimiyya suka fara samar da farko wacce ta duba mana da zaman lafiya bukãtõci na zarra. The main mayar da hankali na wadannan aukuwa ne wutar lantarki.

Kuma a cikin 1954, Tarayyar Soviet gina farko nukiliya ikon shuka a duniya. Bayan wannan m girma na makamashin nukiliya shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara inganta a Amurka, da Burtaniya, da Jamus da kuma Faransa. Amma kuma mafi yawansu ba a aiwatar. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke iya ba gasa tare da tashoshin cewa gudu a kan ci, gas da kuma man fetur da man fetur.

Amma bayan da fashewa daga cikin duniya rikicin makamashi da kuma wani Yunƙurin a farashin man fetur a kan makamashin nukiliya bukatar ya girma. A 70-ies karni na karshe, masana yi imani da cewa ikon duk nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke za su iya maye gurbin da rabi.

A cikin tsakiyar 80s da girma da makamashin nukiliya ta ragae saukar da sake, shit fara duba tsare-tsaren domin gina sabon nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke. Yana da aka ciyar da matsayin siyasa na makamashi ceto da kuma dakushe farashin man da kuma bala'i a chernobye shuka, wanda ya mummunan sakamakon ba kawai ga Ukraine.

Bayan duk, wasu kasashe sun tsaya da shiri da kuma aiki na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke.

Makamashin nukiliya domin sarari manufa

A sarari to tashi sama da dozin uku na nukiliya reactors, su ana amfani da makamashi.

A karo na farko a nukiliya reactor amfani a sarari, da Amirkawa a shekarar 1965. The man fetur amfani uranium-235. Ya yi aiki domin 43 kwana.

A Tarayyar Soviet da reactor "Daisy" da aka kaddamar a Cibiyar Atomic Energy. Its kamata a yi amfani a kan kumbon sama jannati da jini injuna. Amma bayan duk gwaji da shi ya ba da aka kaddamar a cikin sarari.

Next nukiliya shuka "Buk" da aka amfani da su radar bincike tauraron dan adam. A farko naúrar da aka kaddamar a 1970 daga Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Yau, "Roskosmos" da "Rosatom" tayin shirya wani sararin, wanda za a sanye take da makaman nukiliya roka engine da za su iya samu zuwa Moon da kuma Mars. Amma ya zuwa yanzu shi ke a cikin tsari mataki.

A amfani da makamashin nukiliya a masana'antar

Makamashin nukiliya da ake amfani da su kara ji na ƙwarai da sinadaran bincike da kuma samar da ammonia, hydrogen da sauran sinadarai, wanda ake amfani da samar da takin.

Makamashin nukiliya, wanda ake amfani da sinadaran masana'antu samar da sabon sinadaran abubuwa, taimaka wajen sake gina da matakai da faruwa a cikin duniya a ɓawon burodi.

Domin da desalination na gishiri da ruwa da kuma makamashin nukiliya da ake amfani. A amfani a karfe masana'antu sa ya yiwu warke baƙin ƙarfe daga tama. A launi - yi amfani don samar da aluminum.

A amfani da makamashin nukiliya a noma

A amfani da makamashin nukiliya cikin aikin noma solves zabin matsalar da kuma taimaka a yaki da kwari.

Makamashin nukiliya da ake amfani da bayyanar maye gurbi a cikin tsaba. Wannan ne yake aikata to samu sabon iri da cewa kawo mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma cuta-resistant amfanin gona. Saboda haka, fiye da rabin na alkama girma a Italiya domin samar da taliya, da aka samu ta hanyar maye gurbi.

Har ila yau, da taimakon radioisotopes sanin mafi kyau hanyoyi da ake ji takin. Alal misali, yin amfani da su domin sanin cewa shinkafa namo za a iya rage by aikace-aikace na nitrogen taki. Wannan zai ba kawai ajiye kudi, amma kuma don adana da yanayi.

A bit da wani bakon amfani da makamashin nukiliya - yana da daukan hotuna kwari larvae. Wannan ne yake aikata domin ka zo musu da tsabtace muhalli. A wannan yanayin, kwari bayyana daga irradiated larvae ba su da zũriyya, amma in ba haka ba quite al'ada.

nukiliya magani

Medicine yana amfani da rediyoaktif isotopes yi wani cikakken ganewar asali. Medical isotopes da gajeren rabin-rai da kuma ba ta gabatar da wani musamman hadarin ga wasu, da kuma ga mãsu haƙuri.

Wani amfani da makamashin nukiliya a magani da aka bude kwanan nan. Wannan positron watsi tomography. Ana iya amfani da gano ciwon daji a cikin farkon, saukarwa.

A amfani da makamashin nukiliya a kai

A farkon 50-ies karni na karshe, aka yi ta kokari haifar da wani tanki a kan makaman nukiliya-Powered. Development fara a Amurka, amma aikin da aka taba aiwatar. Yafi saboda da cewa wadannan tankuna sun ba su iya warware matsalar da tsare da ƙungiya.

Known Ford ya yi aiki tukuru a kan mota, wanda zai yi aiki a kan makamashin nukiliya. Amma a kan samar layout na da irin wannan na'ura da aka ba su tafi ba.

The abu ne cewa, wani nukiliya shigarwa daukan mai yawa sarari, da kuma mota samun sosai girma. Karamin reactors ba ya bayyana haka m aikin juya.

Yiwuwa cikin shahararrun kai da cewa gudanar a kan makamashin nukiliya - ne daban-daban, daga jirgi, duka biyu soja da kuma na farar dalilai:

• Nukiliya-powered icebreakers.
• Kai jiragen ruwa.
• Aircraft dako.
• Submarines.
• Cruisers.
• Nukiliya submarines.

Ribobi da fursunoni da makamashin nukiliya

Yau, da rabo da makamashin nukiliya a duniya da makamashi da samar ne game da 17 bisa dari. Ko da yake bil'adama yana amfani da burbushin habaka, amma ta reserves ba iyaka.

Saboda haka, a matsayin madadin, amfani da makaman nukiliya man fetur. Amma tsari ga shirye-shiryen da kuma amfani da ake dangantawa da wata gagarumar kasadar ga rayuwa da kuma muhalli.

Hakika, kullum inganta nukiliya reactors, ya dauki dukan yiwu matakan tsaro, amma wani lokacin wannan bai isa ba. An misali ne da hadarin a chernobye nukiliya ikon shuka da kuma Fukushima.

A daya hannun, babu yadda ya kamata aiki reactor fitarda ba radiation yanayi, alhãli kuwa da thermal ikon da manyan adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin yanayi.

A mafi girma da hadari da aka kashe man fetur, ta aiki da kuma ajiya. Saboda a yau ba ƙirƙira gaba daya lafiya zubar da sharar nukiliya.