Features Macquarie Island: Gwargwadon wuri, da yanayi da sauyin yanayi

A cikin kusanci da Australia yana da dama da ɗari tsibiran. Macquarie - daya daga cikinsu. Tsibirin ne inda ba wanda yake zaune, shi ne sanaki kawai penguins da Jawo like. Pro siffofin Macquarie Island , gani daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

Wajen da tsibirin

Macquarie - shi ne wani karamin, elongated yanki na ƙasar a cikin tekun Pacific. A form yake kama da rectangular kada na gangar jiki. Its tsawon ne 34 km, da nisa daga 5 kilomita. Macquarie Island yanki ne 128 murabba'in kilomita. Tsororuwar saman teku matakin kai 420 mita.

Administratively, Macquarie da dangantaka da Tasmania, ko ayi game da 1500 kilomita bãya. Tsibirin da ake located tsakanin Tasmania da Antarctica. Game da nisan kilomita 30 daga Macquarie Island ne kungiyoyin biyu na kananan tsibiran: Alkalin da akawu, Bishop kuma akawu. Tarin tsiburai Bishop-da-magatakarda ne wani ɓangare na karkashin ruwa volcanic kunya da kuma geographically nasa ne da Commonwealth of Australia. Akwai kuma kudancin batu na Australia.

Miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, a karo na Pacific da kuma Indo-Australian tectonic faranti karkashin ruwa da gudummawar da samuwar kunya, da farfajiya wadda ne Macquarie. Tsibirin - a real goldmine bayar ga geologists, saboda an located ophiolite. Shi ne kuma kadai wuri a cikin teku, inda alkyabbar kankara protrude sama da ruwa matakin. Godiya ta zuwa ga na musamman ma'aunan kasa tsarin Macquarie ana kiyaye shi ta UNESCO kungiyar tun 1997.

labarin

Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa na farko mazaunan tsibirin iya zama Polynesians a XIII-XIV ƙarni. Duk da haka, akwai wani kai tsaye shaida wannan, don haka na farko discoverers na Australian Macquarie Island, duk da haka suna dauke da Turawa. Shi, kwatsam, sai a 1810 samu Frederic Hasselboro, tafi a search na mazauninsu na like. Samun wani hamada tsibirin, a Burtaniya Explorer ya sanya shi a matsayin ƙasa na South Wales da kuma mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Welsh Leknela Gwamna Macquarie.

A 1820, Arctic Explorer Faddey Bellinsgauzen (discoverer na Antarctica) Ya halitta na farko taswirar Macquarie Island. Nuna lokacin da wuri daga cikin sabon bincike ƙasar nan ya janyo hankalin dayansu na penguins da like. Sa'an nan yawan dabbobi kika aika zuwa ga m batu.

A 1890, tsibirin da aka mika wa Tasmania, da kuma John ƙyanƙyashe hayarsa ga masana'antu dalilai. A 1911 tsibirin ya zama tushe ga Australian bincike balaguro, a karkashin jagorancin Douglas Mawson. Daga baya, Macquarie zama wani yanayi ajiye gudanar da Tasmania a shekara ta 1972, ya samu jihar matsayi.

Tsibirin aka ambata a cikin littafin "Matafiya da kuma yawo a cikin m tekuna," da aka buga a 1912. Marubucin ne Dzhon Tompson. A sakamakon da shipwreck, ya samu a kan Macquarie kuma zauna a can game da 4 watanni. A cewar labari, Thompson shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa tsibirin domin taska.

A sauyin yanayi da kuma ƙasa

Yanayin damina Macquarie Island ba da damar Birtaniya a cikin XIX karni da ya kafa m yarjejeniya a kan ta. A kewaye da teku sa sauyin yanayi a tsibirin ne quite mai tsanani. An halin kamar gumi sub-Antarctic. Ga mamaye iskõki (sau da yawa guguwa), hazo da kuma ruwan sama. A shekara-shekara da ruwan sama na game da 1000 mm na ruwan sama.

Strong cloudiness ba da damar haske ya karya ta. Yawan rana hours per shekara ne 856 kasa da siffa daga cikin tsibiran kaɗai yake da Faroe Islands. Average-sifili zazzabi a watan Yuli na game 4.9 darajõji, kuma 6.5 digiri a watan Nuwamba zazzabi.

A ƙirin ne m zuwa gabas da kuma dan kadan indented da coves da bays zuwa yamma. Rocky Coast na tsibirin kuma karkashin ruwa reefs buya. Macquarie aka kafa ta biyu plateaus a kudanci da arewacin gefe, wanda ta haɗu da Isthmus filayen. A Filato aka located a tsawon game 100-200 mita saman teku matakin. Dattijon Mountain, Fletcher da kuma Hamilton ne tsororuwar.

Mazaunan da kuma hoto Macquarie Island

Mugunta sauyin yanayi da kuma babba nesa daga babban yankin sanya tsibirin ba moriya ga rayuwar mutane. A halin yanzu, da m yawan na tsibirin ne mai sifili mutane. A ware ne ma'aikata ANARE zaune a nan dan lokaci.

Wadannan mazaunan tsibirin - yana da penguins. Macquarie su a game da 80 000 dubu mutane. A fauna da aka wakilta endemic Macquarie Island cormorants, sub-Antarctic Jawo like. Fiye da miliyan uku seabirds akwai 13 jinsuna daban.

Ciyayi Macquarie Island ne kama da ciyayi na kudancin New Zealand. Amma, shi tsumburai ciyawa da lichens. Tree jinsin su ne gaba daya ba a nan, amma rayayye girma swampy jinsunan.

The mutum tasiri

A kowace shekara da yawan wuraren ta shãfe mutumin da ake samun karami. Wannan Australian tsibirin kamar yadda ya iya, ya kare dũkiyõyinsu da taimakon cikin matsananci yanayi. Amma mutumin da ya samu a nan.

Mutanen da suka zo zuwa tsibirin, ya kawo shi a cikin berayen, zomaye da Cats, wanda ya kai ga ba bala'i. Animals fara ci musamman na gida ciyayi, Munã rage ta daga kusan rabin. Wannan, bi da bi, ya haddasa ƙasa yashewa da landslides. Cats halaka game da 60,000 tsuntsaye a shekara.

A shekarar 2012, shigo da dabbobi kusan cire daga tsibirin. Kauda zomaye tabbatar da mafi wuya ga wasu mutane lokaci-lokaci sami kuma har yanzu.